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Björkdal Mine, Sandfors, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Swedeni
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Björkdal Mine | Mine |
| Sandfors | Village |
| Skellefteå | Municipality |
| Västerbotten County | County |
| Sweden | Country |
Björkdal Mine, Västerbotten Province, Sweden
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
64° 56' 17'' North , 20° 36' 47'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Other Languages:
Swedish:
Björkdalsgruvan, Sandfors, Skellefteå kommun, Västerbottens län, Sverige
Located approximately 40 km from Skellefteå and 11 km NE of Boliden.
In 1988-1999, it was the largest gold mine in Europe. Closed for a short period (around the year 2000) when the Terra Mining AB went bankrupt.
Björkdalsgruvan is one of Northern Europe's largest mines for the extraction of gold. The mine is located northwest of Sandfors, approximately 20 kilometers west of Kåge in Västerbotten County. In 2017, the mine had over 160 employees.
After gold was found at the site in 1983, exploratory drilling was done and the mine was inaugurated on September 27, 1988. In 2015, the Björkdal mine had a turnover of SEK 444 million and had 148 employees. Production amounts to approximately 1.3 million tons of ore per year, half of which comes from the open pit and half from underground. The gold content in 2019 is an average of 2.36 grams of gold per ton of ore. In February 2017, the life of the mine was assessed to be at least ten years. The same assessment was done in March 2019, and it also showed the same results.
The Björkdals mine was owned by Elgin Minings, which was acquired in 2014 by Mandalay Resources.
The gold at Björkdalsgruvan is associated with centimetre- to metre-wide subvertical quartz veins within a biotite-altered granodiorite. The gold mineralization is localized near the contact between the intrusive and the overlying Skellefteå Group. The veins mainly trend NE and NNE and terminate at the sediment-intrusive contact. The gold is found both as free milling gold and also associated with pyrite.
OP & UG operation since autumn 2007.
Today owned by Gold Ore Resources.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
40 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Actinolite Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Altaite Formula: PbTe References: |
| ⓘ Beyerite Formula: Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 References: |
| ⓘ Bismutite Formula: (BiO)2CO3 |
| ⓘ Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ Breithauptite Formula: NiSb |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 References: |
| ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' |
| ⓘ Covellite Formula: CuS |
| ⓘ Cubanite Formula: CuFe2S3 |
| ⓘ Cuprite Formula: Cu2O |
| ⓘ Dravite Formula: NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) References: |
| ⓘ Ferberite Formula: FeWO4 |
| ⓘ Frohbergite Formula: FeTe2 |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS |
| ⓘ Graphite Formula: C |
| ⓘ Hedleyite Formula: Bi7Te3 |
| ⓘ Hessite Formula: Ag2Te |
| ⓘ Ingodite Formula: Bi2TeS References: |
| ⓘ Kettnerite ? Formula: CaBiCO3OF |
| ⓘ Laumontite Formula: CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ 'Limonite' |
| ⓘ Mackinawite Formula: FeS Description: As small rounded inclusions of machinawite/vallerite in chalcopyrite (Nysten 1990) |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Native Bismuth Formula: Bi |
| ⓘ Native Copper Formula: Cu |
| ⓘ Native Gold Formula: Au |
| ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum Formula: (Au,Ag) |
| ⓘ Nickeline Formula: NiAs |
| ⓘ Pilsenite Formula: Bi4Te3 |
| ⓘ Pingguite Formula: Bi6Te2O15 |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 |
| ⓘ Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 References: |
| ⓘ Scheelite Formula: Ca(WO4) |
| ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS |
| ⓘ Tellurobismuthite Formula: Bi2Te3 |
| ⓘ Tetradymite Formula: Bi2Te2S References: |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline' Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Description: Dravitic tourmaline |
| ⓘ Tsumoite Formula: BiTe |
| ⓘ Ullmannite Formula: NiSbS |
| ⓘ Valleriite Formula: (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 Description: As small rounded inclusions of machinawite/vallerite in chalcopyrite (Nysten 1990) |
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Native Copper | 1.AA.05 | Cu |
| ⓘ | Native Gold var. Electrum | 1.AA.05 | (Au,Ag) |
| ⓘ | 1.AA.05 | Au | |
| ⓘ | Native Bismuth | 1.CA.05 | Bi |
| ⓘ | Graphite | 1.CB.05a | C |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ | Hessite | 2.BA.60 | Ag2Te |
| ⓘ | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Cubanite | 2.CB.55a | CuFe2S3 |
| ⓘ | Breithauptite | 2.CC.05 | NiSb |
| ⓘ | Nickeline | 2.CC.05 | NiAs |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ | Mackinawite | 2.CC.25 | FeS |
| ⓘ | Altaite | 2.CD.10 | PbTe |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Hedleyite | 2.DC.05 | Bi7Te3 |
| ⓘ | Ingodite | 2.DC.05 | Bi2TeS |
| ⓘ | Pilsenite | 2.DC.05 | Bi4Te3 |
| ⓘ | Tellurobismuthite | 2.DC.05 | Bi2Te3 |
| ⓘ | Tetradymite | 2.DC.05 | Bi2Te2S |
| ⓘ | Tsumoite | 2.DC.05 | BiTe |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Frohbergite | 2.EB.10a | FeTe2 |
| ⓘ | Ullmannite | 2.EB.25 | NiSbS |
| ⓘ | Valleriite | 2.FD.30 | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Cuprite | 4.AA.10 | Cu2O |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Ferberite | 4.DB.30 | FeWO4 |
| ⓘ | Pingguite | 4.JL.20 | Bi6Te2O15 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Bismutite | 5.BE.25 | (BiO)2CO3 |
| ⓘ | Kettnerite ? | 5.BE.30 | CaBiCO3OF |
| ⓘ | Beyerite | 5.BE.35 | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Scheelite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(WO4) |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Dravite | 9.CK.05 | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Actinolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Muscovite var. Illite | 9.EC.15 | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | |
| ⓘ | var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Laumontite | 9.GB.10 | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Graphite | C |
| C | ⓘ Kettnerite | CaBiCO3OF |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| O | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Ferberite | FeWO4 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Kettnerite | CaBiCO3OF |
| O | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| O | ⓘ Pingguite | Bi6Te2O15 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | ⓘ Kettnerite | CaBiCO3OF |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Mg | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| S | ⓘ Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Ingodite | Bi2TeS |
| S | ⓘ Mackinawite | FeS |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | ⓘ Tetradymite | Bi2Te2S |
| S | ⓘ Ullmannite | NiSbS |
| S | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Kettnerite | CaBiCO3OF |
| Ca | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferberite | FeWO4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Frohbergite | FeTe2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Mackinawite | FeS |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Fe | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| Ni | Nickel | |
| Ni | ⓘ Breithauptite | NiSb |
| Ni | ⓘ Nickeline | NiAs |
| Ni | ⓘ Ullmannite | NiSbS |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| Cu | ⓘ Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
| Cu | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Native Copper | Cu |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Nickeline | NiAs |
| Ag | Silver | |
| Ag | ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum | (Au,Ag) |
| Ag | ⓘ Hessite | Ag2Te |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | ⓘ Breithauptite | NiSb |
| Sb | ⓘ Ullmannite | NiSbS |
| Te | Tellurium | |
| Te | ⓘ Altaite | PbTe |
| Te | ⓘ Frohbergite | FeTe2 |
| Te | ⓘ Hedleyite | Bi7Te3 |
| Te | ⓘ Hessite | Ag2Te |
| Te | ⓘ Ingodite | Bi2TeS |
| Te | ⓘ Pilsenite | Bi4Te3 |
| Te | ⓘ Tellurobismuthite | Bi2Te3 |
| Te | ⓘ Tetradymite | Bi2Te2S |
| Te | ⓘ Tsumoite | BiTe |
| Te | ⓘ Pingguite | Bi6Te2O15 |
| W | Tungsten | |
| W | ⓘ Ferberite | FeWO4 |
| W | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| Au | Gold | |
| Au | ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum | (Au,Ag) |
| Au | ⓘ Native Gold | Au |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Altaite | PbTe |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | ⓘ Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| Bi | ⓘ Native Bismuth | Bi |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Hedleyite | Bi7Te3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Ingodite | Bi2TeS |
| Bi | ⓘ Kettnerite | CaBiCO3OF |
| Bi | ⓘ Pilsenite | Bi4Te3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Tellurobismuthite | Bi2Te3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Tetradymite | Bi2Te2S |
| Bi | ⓘ Tsumoite | BiTe |
| Bi | ⓘ Pingguite | Bi6Te2O15 |
Geochronology
Mineralization age: Paleoproterozoic : 1893 ± 34 MaImportant note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.
| Geologic Time | Rocks, Minerals and Events | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Precambrian | |||||||
| Proterozoic | |||||||
| Paleoproterozoic | |||||||
| Orosirian |
| ||||||
Other Databases
| Wikipedia: | https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rkdalsgruvan |
|---|---|
| Wikidata ID: | Q10430534 |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
- Baltic Shield
- Central Finland Arc ComplexVolcanic Arc
EuropeContinent
ScandinaviaRegion
Sweden
- Västerbotten County
- Skellefte mining districtMining District
- ⭔Västerbotten ProvinceProvince
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References
Nysten, Per (1990) Tsumoite from the Björkdal gold deposit, Västerbotten County, northern Sweden. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 112 (1) 59-60 doi:10.1080/11035899009453161
Broman, C.; Billström, K.; Gustavsson, K.; Fallick, A.E. (1994) Fluid inclusions, stable isotopes and gold deposition at Björkdal, northern Sweden. Mineralium Deposita, 29 (2). 139-149 doi:10.1007/bf00191511
Weihed, P.; Weihed, J. B.; Sorjonen-Ward, P. (2003) Structural Evolution of the Björkdal Gold Deposit, Skellefte District, Northern Sweden: Implications for Early Proterozoic Mesothermal Gold in the Late Stage of the Svecokarelian Orogen. Economic Geology, 98 (7). 1291-1309 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.98.7.1291
Roberts, S.; Palmer, M. R.; Waller, L. (2006) Sm-Nd and REE Characteristics of Tourmaline and Scheelite from the Björkdal Gold Deposit, Northern Sweden: Evidence of an Intrusion-Related Gold Deposit? Economic Geology, 101 (7). 1415-1425 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.101.7.1415
Björkdal Mine, Sandfors, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden