Log InRegister
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreOur ScienceMindat Newsletter [Free Download]Contact Us
Donate to MindatSponsor a PageCorporate SponsorshipSponsored Pages
Learning CenterWhat Is a Mineral?The Most Common Minerals on EarthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesMindat Newsletter [Free Download]The ElementsThe Mineral Quiz
Search FormMinerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryMineral Visual ExplorerAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDMinerals by CountryAlphabetical Mineral IndexAlphabetical Locality SearchMineral Association SearchList of CountriesLocalities Near MePhoto SearchSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMore Search Options
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
MineralsPetrologyFossilsMeteoritesGeologic Time
Mining CompaniesStatisticsMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsDevice SettingsTime Machine
Read DiscussionsIdentification Request
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColourPhoto Colour ExplorerNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Penouta mines, Viana do Bolo, Ourense, Galicia, Spaini
Regional Level Types
Penouta minesGroup of Mines
Viana do BoloMunicipality
OurenseProvince
GaliciaAutonomous Community
SpainCountry

This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
PhotosMapsSearch
00044740017272030613424.jpg
Subset in the quarry

Penouta mines, Viana do Bolo, Ourense, Galicia, Spain
04617510017272030617448.jpg
Partial view of the slope

Penouta mines, Viana do Bolo, Ourense, Galicia, Spain
09826500017272030615541.jpg
Sign

Penouta mines, Viana do Bolo, Ourense, Galicia, Spain
00044740017272030613424.jpg
Subset in the quarry

Penouta mines, Viana do Bolo, Ourense, Galicia, Spain
04617510017272030617448.jpg
Partial view of the slope

Penouta mines, Viana do Bolo, Ourense, Galicia, Spain
09826500017272030615541.jpg
Sign

Penouta mines, Viana do Bolo, Ourense, Galicia, Spain
00044740017272030613424.jpg
Subset in the quarry

Penouta mines, Viana do Bolo, Ourense, Galicia, Spain
04617510017272030617448.jpg
Partial view of the slope

Penouta mines, Viana do Bolo, Ourense, Galicia, Spain
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
42° 11' 8'' North , 7° 0' 50'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
42.18556,-7.01389
GeoHash:
G#: ez7pbrsss
GRN:
N29W04
Type:
Group of Mines
Köppen climate type:
Csb : Warm-summer Mediterranean climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Lubián368 (2012)18.9km
Manzaneda1,139 (2012)22.6km
Petín1,088 (2018)23.8km
A Rúa4,975 (2014)25.0km
O Barco de Valdeorras14,213 (2010)25.7km
Mindat Locality ID:
11549
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:11549:3
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Name(s) in local language(s):
Mina da Penouta, Viana do Bolo, Ourense (Orense), Galicia, España


Not to be confused with the Penouta locality in Asturias.
The Penouta granite outcrops in an area of about 0.2 km2.

The Penouta (Sn-Ta-Nb) deposit is an isolated, non-oriented, lens-like and low-phosphorous peraluminous granite cropping out in an area of about 0.2 km2 intruding the Ollo de Sapo formation. Cassiterite occurs as well in some pegmatite bodies, the greisen zone and in the quartz veins at the apical part of the leucogranite, while the Nb-Ta oxides only appear as inclusions within cassiterite grains in this assemblage.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


33 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
References:
Guldris Leon, L.
Hogmalm, K.J.
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
López, Félix Antonio, Irene García-Díaz, Olga Rodríguez Largo, Francisco García Polonio, and Teresa Llorens. 2018. "Recovery and Purification of Tin from Tailings from the Penouta Sn–Ta–Nb Deposit" Minerals 8, no. 1: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8010020
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Bengtsson, M. (2020) Understanding Mineral Liberation during Crushing Using Grade-by-Size Analysis—A Case Study of the Penuota Sn-Ta Mineralization, Spain. Minerals 10, 164.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez-Montes, Alejandro, Timón-Sánchez, Susana María, Llorens-González, Teresa, Sánchez-García, Teresa (2024) Peraluminous Rare Metal Granites in Iberia: Geochemical, Mineralogical, Geothermobarometric, and Petrogenetic Constraints. Minerals, 14 (3) 249 doi:10.3390/min14030249
Losantos, Emma, Borrajo, Iñigo, Losada, Iván, Boixet, Lluís, Castelo Branco, José M., Tornos, Fernando (2025) Sn and W mineralisation in the Iberian Peninsula. Ore Geology Reviews, 179. 106542 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106542
ⓘ Almandine
Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
References:
Guldris Leon, L.
Hogmalm, K.J.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Bengtsson, M. (2020) Understanding Mineral Liberation during Crushing Using Grade-by-Size Analysis—A Case Study of the Penuota Sn-Ta Mineralization, Spain. Minerals 10, 164.
López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez-Montes, Alejandro, Timón-Sánchez, Susana María, Llorens-González, Teresa, Sánchez-García, Teresa (2024) Peraluminous Rare Metal Granites in Iberia: Geochemical, Mineralogical, Geothermobarometric, and Petrogenetic Constraints. Minerals, 14 (3) 249 doi:10.3390/min14030249
ⓘ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ Beryl
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
References:
Julio Alberto Cendon Martinez
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
López, Félix Antonio, Irene García-Díaz, Olga Rodríguez Largo, Francisco García Polonio, and Teresa Llorens. 2018. "Recovery and Purification of Tin from Tailings from the Penouta Sn–Ta–Nb Deposit" Minerals 8, no. 1: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8010020
Calvo Rebollar, Miguel. (2018). Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IX. Silicatos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid. Fundación Gómez Pardo. 767 págs.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez-Montes, Alejandro, Timón-Sánchez, Susana María, Llorens-González, Teresa, Sánchez-García, Teresa (2024) Peraluminous Rare Metal Granites in Iberia: Geochemical, Mineralogical, Geothermobarometric, and Petrogenetic Constraints. Minerals, 14 (3) 249 doi:10.3390/min14030249
ⓘ Bismuthinite
Formula: Bi2S3
ⓘ Cassiterite
Formula: SnO2
References:
Guldris Leon, L.
Hogmalm, K.J.
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
López, Félix Antonio, Irene García-Díaz, Olga Rodríguez Largo, Francisco García Polonio, and Teresa Llorens. 2018. "Recovery and Purification of Tin from Tailings from the Penouta Sn–Ta–Nb Deposit" Minerals 8, no. 1: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8010020
Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Bengtsson, M. (2020) Understanding Mineral Liberation during Crushing Using Grade-by-Size Analysis—A Case Study of the Penuota Sn-Ta Mineralization, Spain. Minerals 10, 164.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
Magdalena R, Valero A, Calvo G, Alguacil FJ, Gómez FAL. (2021) Simulation to Recover Niobium and Tantalum from the Tin Slags of the Old Penouta Mine: A Case Study. Minerals. 11(10):1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11101123
López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez-Montes, Alejandro, Timón-Sánchez, Susana María, Llorens-González, Teresa, Sánchez-García, Teresa (2024) Peraluminous Rare Metal Granites in Iberia: Geochemical, Mineralogical, Geothermobarometric, and Petrogenetic Constraints. Minerals, 14 (3) 249 doi:10.3390/min14030249
Losantos, Emma, Borrajo, Iñigo, Losada, Iván, Boixet, Lluís, Castelo Branco, José M., Tornos, Fernando (2025) Sn and W mineralisation in the Iberian Peninsula. Ore Geology Reviews, 179. 106542 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106542
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)
Formula: Fe2+Nb2O6
ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'
References:
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez-Montes, Alejandro, Timón-Sánchez, Susana María, Llorens-González, Teresa, Sánchez-García, Teresa (2024) Peraluminous Rare Metal Granites in Iberia: Geochemical, Mineralogical, Geothermobarometric, and Petrogenetic Constraints. Minerals, 14 (3) 249 doi:10.3390/min14030249
Losantos, Emma, Borrajo, Iñigo, Losada, Iván, Boixet, Lluís, Castelo Branco, José M., Tornos, Fernando (2025) Sn and W mineralisation in the Iberian Peninsula. Ore Geology Reviews, 179. 106542 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106542
ⓘ 'Columbite Group'
References:
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
López, Félix Antonio, Irene García-Díaz, Olga Rodríguez Largo, Francisco García Polonio, and Teresa Llorens. 2018. "Recovery and Purification of Tin from Tailings from the Penouta Sn–Ta–Nb Deposit" Minerals 8, no. 1: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8010020
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
ⓘ Columbite-(Mn)
Formula: Mn2+Nb2O6
ⓘ 'Columbite-Tantalite'
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
References:
Guldris Leon, L.
Hogmalm, K.J.
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Bengtsson, M. (2020) Understanding Mineral Liberation during Crushing Using Grade-by-Size Analysis—A Case Study of the Penuota Sn-Ta Mineralization, Spain. Minerals 10, 164.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
References:
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez-Montes, Alejandro, Timón-Sánchez, Susana María, Llorens-González, Teresa, Sánchez-García, Teresa (2024) Peraluminous Rare Metal Granites in Iberia: Geochemical, Mineralogical, Geothermobarometric, and Petrogenetic Constraints. Minerals, 14 (3) 249 doi:10.3390/min14030249
Losantos, Emma, Borrajo, Iñigo, Losada, Iván, Boixet, Lluís, Castelo Branco, José M., Tornos, Fernando (2025) Sn and W mineralisation in the Iberian Peninsula. Ore Geology Reviews, 179. 106542 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106542
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
References:
Guldris Leon, L.
Hogmalm, K.J.
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Bengtsson, M. (2020) Understanding Mineral Liberation during Crushing Using Grade-by-Size Analysis—A Case Study of the Penuota Sn-Ta Mineralization, Spain. Minerals 10, 164.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez-Montes, Alejandro, Timón-Sánchez, Susana María, Llorens-González, Teresa, Sánchez-García, Teresa (2024) Peraluminous Rare Metal Granites in Iberia: Geochemical, Mineralogical, Geothermobarometric, and Petrogenetic Constraints. Minerals, 14 (3) 249 doi:10.3390/min14030249
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
References:
Guldris Leon, L.
Hogmalm, K.J.
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
López, Félix Antonio, Irene García-Díaz, Olga Rodríguez Largo, Francisco García Polonio, and Teresa Llorens. 2018. "Recovery and Purification of Tin from Tailings from the Penouta Sn–Ta–Nb Deposit" Minerals 8, no. 1: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8010020
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Bengtsson, M. (2020) Understanding Mineral Liberation during Crushing Using Grade-by-Size Analysis—A Case Study of the Penuota Sn-Ta Mineralization, Spain. Minerals 10, 164.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez-Montes, Alejandro, Timón-Sánchez, Susana María, Llorens-González, Teresa, Sánchez-García, Teresa (2024) Peraluminous Rare Metal Granites in Iberia: Geochemical, Mineralogical, Geothermobarometric, and Petrogenetic Constraints. Minerals, 14 (3) 249 doi:10.3390/min14030249
Losantos, Emma, Borrajo, Iñigo, Losada, Iván, Boixet, Lluís, Castelo Branco, José M., Tornos, Fernando (2025) Sn and W mineralisation in the Iberian Peninsula. Ore Geology Reviews, 179. 106542 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106542
ⓘ 'Limonite'
ⓘ Lithiophorite
Formula: (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ 'Mica Group'
ⓘ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ 'Microlite Group'
Formula: A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
References:
Guldris Leon, L.
Hogmalm, K.J.
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Bengtsson, M. (2020) Understanding Mineral Liberation during Crushing Using Grade-by-Size Analysis—A Case Study of the Penuota Sn-Ta Mineralization, Spain. Minerals 10, 164.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
ⓘ Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
ⓘ 'Monazite Group'
Formula: REE(PO4)
References:
Guldris Leon, L.
Hogmalm, K.J.
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Bengtsson, M. (2020) Understanding Mineral Liberation during Crushing Using Grade-by-Size Analysis—A Case Study of the Penuota Sn-Ta Mineralization, Spain. Minerals 10, 164.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez-Montes, Alejandro, Timón-Sánchez, Susana María, Llorens-González, Teresa, Sánchez-García, Teresa (2024) Peraluminous Rare Metal Granites in Iberia: Geochemical, Mineralogical, Geothermobarometric, and Petrogenetic Constraints. Minerals, 14 (3) 249 doi:10.3390/min14030249
Losantos, Emma, Borrajo, Iñigo, Losada, Iván, Boixet, Lluís, Castelo Branco, José M., Tornos, Fernando (2025) Sn and W mineralisation in the Iberian Peninsula. Ore Geology Reviews, 179. 106542 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106542
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
References:
Josep Sanchez-Lafuente i Mariol specimens (INTAN)
Guldris Leon, L.
Hogmalm, K.J.
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
López, Félix Antonio, Irene García-Díaz, Olga Rodríguez Largo, Francisco García Polonio, and Teresa Llorens. 2018. "Recovery and Purification of Tin from Tailings from the Penouta Sn–Ta–Nb Deposit" Minerals 8, no. 1: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8010020
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Bengtsson, M. (2020) Understanding Mineral Liberation during Crushing Using Grade-by-Size Analysis—A Case Study of the Penuota Sn-Ta Mineralization, Spain. Minerals 10, 164.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez-Montes, Alejandro, Timón-Sánchez, Susana María, Llorens-González, Teresa, Sánchez-García, Teresa (2024) Peraluminous Rare Metal Granites in Iberia: Geochemical, Mineralogical, Geothermobarometric, and Petrogenetic Constraints. Minerals, 14 (3) 249 doi:10.3390/min14030249
Losantos, Emma, Borrajo, Iñigo, Losada, Iván, Boixet, Lluís, Castelo Branco, José M., Tornos, Fernando (2025) Sn and W mineralisation in the Iberian Peninsula. Ore Geology Reviews, 179. 106542 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106542
ⓘ Native Bismuth
Formula: Bi
ⓘ Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘ Opal var. Opal-AN
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
References:
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
Losantos, Emma, Borrajo, Iñigo, Losada, Iván, Boixet, Lluís, Castelo Branco, José M., Tornos, Fernando (2025) Sn and W mineralisation in the Iberian Peninsula. Ore Geology Reviews, 179. 106542 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106542
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
References:
Guldris Leon, L.
Hogmalm, K.J.
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
López, Félix Antonio, Irene García-Díaz, Olga Rodríguez Largo, Francisco García Polonio, and Teresa Llorens. 2018. "Recovery and Purification of Tin from Tailings from the Penouta Sn–Ta–Nb Deposit" Minerals 8, no. 1: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8010020
Calvo, Miguel. (2016). Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. VIII. Cuarzo y otros minerales de la sílice. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid. Fundación Gómez Pardo. 399 págs.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Bengtsson, M. (2020) Understanding Mineral Liberation during Crushing Using Grade-by-Size Analysis—A Case Study of the Penuota Sn-Ta Mineralization, Spain. Minerals 10, 164.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez-Montes, Alejandro, Timón-Sánchez, Susana María, Llorens-González, Teresa, Sánchez-García, Teresa (2024) Peraluminous Rare Metal Granites in Iberia: Geochemical, Mineralogical, Geothermobarometric, and Petrogenetic Constraints. Minerals, 14 (3) 249 doi:10.3390/min14030249
Losantos, Emma, Borrajo, Iñigo, Losada, Iván, Boixet, Lluís, Castelo Branco, José M., Tornos, Fernando (2025) Sn and W mineralisation in the Iberian Peninsula. Ore Geology Reviews, 179. 106542 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106542
ⓘ Quartz var. Milky Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Spessartine
Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
References:
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
Calvo Rebollar, Miguel. (2018). Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IX. Silicatos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid. Fundación Gómez Pardo. 767 págs.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
Losantos, Emma, Borrajo, Iñigo, Losada, Iván, Boixet, Lluís, Castelo Branco, José M., Tornos, Fernando (2025) Sn and W mineralisation in the Iberian Peninsula. Ore Geology Reviews, 179. 106542 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106542
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Stannite
Formula: Cu2FeSnS4
ⓘ 'Tantalite'
Formula: (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
References:
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
Magdalena R, Valero A, Calvo G, Alguacil FJ, Gómez FAL. (2021) Simulation to Recover Niobium and Tantalum from the Tin Slags of the Old Penouta Mine: A Case Study. Minerals. 11(10):1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11101123
Losantos, Emma, Borrajo, Iñigo, Losada, Iván, Boixet, Lluís, Castelo Branco, José M., Tornos, Fernando (2025) Sn and W mineralisation in the Iberian Peninsula. Ore Geology Reviews, 179. 106542 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106542
ⓘ Tantalite-(Fe)
Formula: Fe2+Ta2O6
ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)
Formula: Mn2+Ta2O6
ⓘ 'Tapiolite'
Formula: (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
ⓘ Tapiolite-(Fe)
Formula: Fe2+Ta2O6
ⓘ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ Uraninite
Formula: UO2
References:
Guldris Leon, L.
Hogmalm, K.J.
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Bengtsson, M. (2020) Understanding Mineral Liberation during Crushing Using Grade-by-Size Analysis—A Case Study of the Penuota Sn-Ta Mineralization, Spain. Minerals 10, 164.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
ⓘ Vivianite
Formula: Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 · 8H2O
ⓘ 'Wad'
ⓘ 'White mica'
References:
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez-Montes, Alejandro, Timón-Sánchez, Susana María, Llorens-González, Teresa, Sánchez-García, Teresa (2024) Peraluminous Rare Metal Granites in Iberia: Geochemical, Mineralogical, Geothermobarometric, and Petrogenetic Constraints. Minerals, 14 (3) 249 doi:10.3390/min14030249
ⓘ Wodginite
Formula: Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8
References:
Guldris Leon, L.
Hogmalm, K.J.
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Bengtsson, M. (2020) Understanding Mineral Liberation during Crushing Using Grade-by-Size Analysis—A Case Study of the Penuota Sn-Ta Mineralization, Spain. Minerals 10, 164.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez-Montes, Alejandro, Timón-Sánchez, Susana María, Llorens-González, Teresa, Sánchez-García, Teresa (2024) Peraluminous Rare Metal Granites in Iberia: Geochemical, Mineralogical, Geothermobarometric, and Petrogenetic Constraints. Minerals, 14 (3) 249 doi:10.3390/min14030249
ⓘ 'Xenotime'
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)
References:
Guldris Leon, L.
Hogmalm, K.J.
Hamid, S.A.
Anticoi, H.
Garcia-Valles, M.
Oliva, J.
Tomasa, O.
López-Moro, F.J.
Bascompta, M.
Llorens, T.
Castro, D.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Bengtsson, M. (2020) Understanding Mineral Liberation during Crushing Using Grade-by-Size Analysis—A Case Study of the Penuota Sn-Ta Mineralization, Spain. Minerals 10, 164.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez-Montes, Alejandro, Timón-Sánchez, Susana María, Llorens-González, Teresa, Sánchez-García, Teresa (2024) Peraluminous Rare Metal Granites in Iberia: Geochemical, Mineralogical, Geothermobarometric, and Petrogenetic Constraints. Minerals, 14 (3) 249 doi:10.3390/min14030249
Losantos, Emma, Borrajo, Iñigo, Losada, Iván, Boixet, Lluís, Castelo Branco, José M., Tornos, Fernando (2025) Sn and W mineralisation in the Iberian Peninsula. Ore Geology Reviews, 179. 106542 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106542

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘNative Bismuth1.CA.05Bi
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘStannite2.CB.15aCu2FeSnS4
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘBismuthinite2.DB.05Bi2S3
ⓘMolybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘArsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ'Microlite Group'4.00.A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Milky Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘOpal
var. Opal-AN		4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘ4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘCassiterite4.DB.05SnO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘTapiolite-(Fe)4.DB.10Fe2+Ta2O6
ⓘColumbite-(Fe)4.DB.35Fe2+Nb2O6
ⓘTantalite-(Fe)4.DB.35Fe2+Ta2O6
ⓘColumbite-(Mn)4.DB.35Mn2+Nb2O6
ⓘTantalite-(Mn)4.DB.35Mn2+Ta2O6
ⓘWodginite4.DB.40Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8
ⓘUraninite4.DL.05UO2
ⓘLithiophorite4.FE.25(Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘVivianite8.CE.40Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘAlmandine9.AD.25Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘSpessartine9.AD.25Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘBeryl9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘKaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Limonite'-
ⓘ'Monazite Group'-REE(PO4)
ⓘ'Tantalite'-(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
ⓘ'Tapiolite'-(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
ⓘ'Tourmaline'-AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'Wad'-
ⓘ'Xenotime'-
ⓘ'Mica Group'-
ⓘ'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ'Columbite-Tantalite'-
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Columbite Group'-
ⓘ'White mica'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Opal var. Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
Hⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ Lithiophorite(Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Hⓘ VivianiteFe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
LiLithium
Liⓘ Lithiophorite(Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2
BeBeryllium
Beⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
BBoron
Bⓘ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
OOxygen
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Oⓘ CassiteriteSnO2
Oⓘ Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6
Oⓘ Tantalite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6
Oⓘ Tapiolite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6
Oⓘ Opal var. Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
Oⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ Lithiophorite(Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2
Oⓘ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Oⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Oⓘ Tapiolite(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Oⓘ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oⓘ UraniniteUO2
Oⓘ VivianiteFe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Oⓘ WodginiteMn2+Sn4+Ta2O8
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Quartz var. Milky QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
FFluorine
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Alⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alⓘ Lithiophorite(Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2
Alⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Siⓘ Opal var. Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
Siⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Quartz var. Milky QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Pⓘ VivianiteFe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ StanniteCu2FeSnS4
ClChlorine
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
MnManganese
Mnⓘ Lithiophorite(Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2
Mnⓘ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Mnⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
Mnⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Mnⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Mnⓘ Tapiolite(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Mnⓘ WodginiteMn2+Sn4+Ta2O8
Mnⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
FeIron
Feⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6
Feⓘ Tantalite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6
Feⓘ Tapiolite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ StanniteCu2FeSnS4
Feⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Feⓘ Tapiolite(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Feⓘ VivianiteFe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Feⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
CuCopper
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ StanniteCu2FeSnS4
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6
Nbⓘ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Nbⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Nbⓘ Tapiolite(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Nbⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
MoMolybdenum
Moⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
SnTin
Snⓘ CassiteriteSnO2
Snⓘ StanniteCu2FeSnS4
Snⓘ WodginiteMn2+Sn4+Ta2O8
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
TaTantalum
Taⓘ Tantalite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6
Taⓘ Tapiolite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6
Taⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
Taⓘ Microlite GroupA2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
Taⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Taⓘ Tapiolite(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Taⓘ WodginiteMn2+Sn4+Ta2O8
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
BiBismuth
Biⓘ Native BismuthBi
Biⓘ BismuthiniteBi2S3
UUranium
Uⓘ UraniniteUO2

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent
Iberian PeninsulaPeninsula

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

López, Félix Antonio, Irene García-Díaz, Olga Rodríguez Largo, Francisco García Polonio, and Teresa Llorens. 2018. "Recovery and Purification of Tin from Tailings from the Penouta Sn–Ta–Nb Deposit" Minerals 8, no. 1: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8010020
Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp
www.antena3.com (2013) http://www.antena3.com/videos-online/noticias/economia/reabren-mina-orense-tantalio-que-multiplicara-empleo-zona_2013061900139.html
Calvo, Miguel. (2016). Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. VIII. Cuarzo y otros minerales de la sílice. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid. Fundación Gómez Pardo. 399 págs.
Alfonso, P., Hamid, S. A., García-Vallès, M., Llorens, T., Moro, F. L., Tomasa, O., ... & Parcerisa, D. (2018). Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite-group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S199-S222.
Guldris Leon, L.; Hogmalm, K.J.; Bengtsson, M. (2020) Understanding Mineral Liberation during Crushing Using Grade-by-Size Analysis—A Case Study of the Penuota Sn-Ta Mineralization, Spain. Minerals 10, 164.
Alfonso, Pura, Hamid, Sarbast Ahmad, Anticoi, Hernan, Garcia-Valles, Maite, Oliva, Josep, Tomasa, Oriol, López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Bascompta, Marc, Llorens, Teresa, Castro, David, García Polonio, Francisco (2020) Liberation Characteristics of Ta–Sn Ores from Penouta, NW Spain. Minerals, 10 (6) 509 doi:10.3390/min10060509
[1]López-Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez-Montes, Alejandro, Timón-Sánchez, Susana María, Llorens-González, Teresa, Sánchez-García, Teresa (2024) Peraluminous Rare Metal Granites in Iberia: Geochemical, Mineralogical, Geothermobarometric, and Petrogenetic Constraints. Minerals, 14 (3) 249 doi:10.3390/min14030249
[2]Losantos, Emma, Borrajo, Iñigo, Losada, Iván, Boixet, Lluís, Castelo Branco, José M., Tornos, Fernando (2025) Sn and W mineralisation in the Iberian Peninsula. Ore Geology Reviews, 179. 106542 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106542
Quick NavTopCommoditiesMineral ListRock TypesOther RegionsReferences
 
and/or  
Mindat.org® is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Mindat® and mindat.org® are registered trademarks of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2026, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau.
Content on this site may not be used to train, fine-tune, or otherwise develop artificial intelligence or machine learning models without prior written permission - see our Terms & Conditions.
To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: October 20, 2026 19:59:58 Page updated: August 12, 2025 09:14:15
Go to top of page