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Fen Complex, Nome, Telemark, Norwayi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Fen Complex | Complex |
| Nome | Municipality |
| Telemark | County |
| Norway | Country |
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Type:
Age:
665 ± 523 Ma
Geologic Time:
Dating method:
K-Ar whole rock
Reference for age:
Verschure, R. H., Maijer, C., Andriessen, P. A. M., Boelrijk, N. A. I. M., Hebeda, E. H., Priem, H. N. A., & Verdurmen, E. T. (1983). Dating explosive volcanism perforating the Precambrian basement in southern Norway. Nor. Geol. Unders., 380, 35-49.
Name(s) in local language(s):
Fensfeltet, Nome kommune, Telemark fylke, Norge
Note: The borders in the map above are approximate.
The Fen carbonatite complex, a peralkaline-carbonatitic ring complex, is situated near lake Norsjø in the Nome municipality in Telemark county, southeast Norway.
It consists of a circular 5 km² core with various carbonatites and alkaline igneous rocks (mainly of the melteigite-ijolite-urtite series), intruded 583 +/- 10 Ma ago into Mesoproterozoic granitic Telemark Gneiss (ca. 1105 Ma old). The intrusion was followed by intense faulting and brecciation, producing several phases through metasomatic alteration and fenitization of the country rock (Brøgger, 1921, Sæther, 1957, Andersen, 1989, Verschure & Maijer, 2005).
The original minerals of the gneiss, quartz, biotite, and amphibole (hornblende), were altered or replaced by aegirine-augite and sodium amphiboles. Microcline and oligoclase were also replaced by mesoperthite and chessboard albite (Verschure & Maijer, 2005). A fenite aureole surrounds the western and southern parts of the complex, as well as metasomatic alteration of the fenite at the contact with the carbonatite (Kresten & Morogan, 1986, Andersen 1989).
It became famous after publication of the classic monograph of Brøgger in 1921. Brøgger called the Fen carbonate rocks “Karbonatite” (carbonatites) and he named the metasomatism of the country “fenitisierung” (fenitization). The Fen complex is famous for its rare volcanic/meta-volcanic rocks, many first described by Brøgger (1921):
Carbonatites:
søvite (coarse-grained calcite carbonatite),
rødberg (altered carbonatite with hematite stained granular calcite, dolomite and sometimes ankerite),
rauhaugite (dolomite carbonatite),
ringite (coarse-grained carbonatite containing aegirine and alkali-feldspar).
Lamprophyres:
damkjernite (melanocratic nepheline lamprophyre).
Ijolites:
melteigite (melanocratic nepheline ijolite),
hollaite (calcite-melteigite, consisting of pyroxene (55%), calcite and nepheline).
Other rocks:
fenite (metasomatic rock composed of alkali feldspar, sodic pyroxene and/or alkali amphibole, sometimes monomineralic alkali feldspar rock),
vibetoite (pyroxenite containing abundant Ti-augite and hornblende with biotite, primary calcite, and occasional albite and nepheline).
Most areas of the complex are now protected because of its value to science, and collecting is prohibited!
Iron ores associated with the ferrocarbonatites were worked in the Fen Iron Mines in the eastern part of the Fen Complex between 1657 and 1927, in the so-called “Rødberg area”.
Hematite was mined from 1956 to 1925 with production estimated at ca 10⁶ t (Bjørlykke & Svinndal 1960; Andersen 1983).
The iron ores are typically lenses, veins and dike-like bodies within carbonatites and carbonated gneisses.
Pyrochlore was produced from søvite in the Søve Mines from 1953 to 1964 and pioneered the production and use of this mineral (Deans, 1978).
UPDATE JUNE 2024
After a study by Canadian-based consulting firm WSP, a resource of 8.8 million tons of TREO has been confirmed for the Rare Earths Norway claim (JORC 2012 compliant), with an additional 1.2 million tons of TREO on the claim of REE Norway.
This makes the Fen Complex by far the largest known deposit of its kind in Europe, dwarfing the Per Geijer deposit in Kiruna, Sweden.
The deposit is open at depth and the total figure is expected to be significantly higher.
The Norwegian government has approved a law to include this deposit in the Minerals Security Partnership (www.state.gov/minerals-security-partnership/), making it much easier to start mining the deposit.
https://geo365.no/storst/?mc_cid=dc34d7ee6b&mc_eid=e71583e87b
https://www.aftenposten.no/verden/i/0V4G8E/norsk-mineralfunn-i-verdensklasse-enorme-verdier-under-bakken-i-telemark
https://rareearthsnorway.com/europes-largest-deposit-of-rare-earth-elements-discovered-at-fen-norway
The Fen carbonatite complex, a peralkaline-carbonatitic ring complex, is situated near lake Norsjø in the Nome municipality in Telemark county, southeast Norway.
It consists of a circular 5 km² core with various carbonatites and alkaline igneous rocks (mainly of the melteigite-ijolite-urtite series), intruded 583 +/- 10 Ma ago into Mesoproterozoic granitic Telemark Gneiss (ca. 1105 Ma old). The intrusion was followed by intense faulting and brecciation, producing several phases through metasomatic alteration and fenitization of the country rock (Brøgger, 1921, Sæther, 1957, Andersen, 1989, Verschure & Maijer, 2005).
The original minerals of the gneiss, quartz, biotite, and amphibole (hornblende), were altered or replaced by aegirine-augite and sodium amphiboles. Microcline and oligoclase were also replaced by mesoperthite and chessboard albite (Verschure & Maijer, 2005). A fenite aureole surrounds the western and southern parts of the complex, as well as metasomatic alteration of the fenite at the contact with the carbonatite (Kresten & Morogan, 1986, Andersen 1989).
It became famous after publication of the classic monograph of Brøgger in 1921. Brøgger called the Fen carbonate rocks “Karbonatite” (carbonatites) and he named the metasomatism of the country “fenitisierung” (fenitization). The Fen complex is famous for its rare volcanic/meta-volcanic rocks, many first described by Brøgger (1921):
Carbonatites:
søvite (coarse-grained calcite carbonatite),
rødberg (altered carbonatite with hematite stained granular calcite, dolomite and sometimes ankerite),
rauhaugite (dolomite carbonatite),
ringite (coarse-grained carbonatite containing aegirine and alkali-feldspar).
Lamprophyres:
damkjernite (melanocratic nepheline lamprophyre).
Ijolites:
melteigite (melanocratic nepheline ijolite),
hollaite (calcite-melteigite, consisting of pyroxene (55%), calcite and nepheline).
Other rocks:
fenite (metasomatic rock composed of alkali feldspar, sodic pyroxene and/or alkali amphibole, sometimes monomineralic alkali feldspar rock),
vibetoite (pyroxenite containing abundant Ti-augite and hornblende with biotite, primary calcite, and occasional albite and nepheline).
Most areas of the complex are now protected because of its value to science, and collecting is prohibited!
Iron ores associated with the ferrocarbonatites were worked in the Fen Iron Mines in the eastern part of the Fen Complex between 1657 and 1927, in the so-called “Rødberg area”.
Hematite was mined from 1956 to 1925 with production estimated at ca 10⁶ t (Bjørlykke & Svinndal 1960; Andersen 1983).
The iron ores are typically lenses, veins and dike-like bodies within carbonatites and carbonated gneisses.
Pyrochlore was produced from søvite in the Søve Mines from 1953 to 1964 and pioneered the production and use of this mineral (Deans, 1978).
UPDATE JUNE 2024
After a study by Canadian-based consulting firm WSP, a resource of 8.8 million tons of TREO has been confirmed for the Rare Earths Norway claim (JORC 2012 compliant), with an additional 1.2 million tons of TREO on the claim of REE Norway.
This makes the Fen Complex by far the largest known deposit of its kind in Europe, dwarfing the Per Geijer deposit in Kiruna, Sweden.
The deposit is open at depth and the total figure is expected to be significantly higher.
The Norwegian government has approved a law to include this deposit in the Minerals Security Partnership (www.state.gov/minerals-security-partnership/), making it much easier to start mining the deposit.
https://geo365.no/storst/?mc_cid=dc34d7ee6b&mc_eid=e71583e87b
https://www.aftenposten.no/verden/i/0V4G8E/norsk-mineralfunn-i-verdensklasse-enorme-verdier-under-bakken-i-telemark
https://rareearthsnorway.com/europes-largest-deposit-of-rare-earth-elements-discovered-at-fen-norway
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities67 valid minerals. 1 erroneous literature entry.
Rock Types Recorded
Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Aegirine Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6 Localities: Description: In tinguaite as needleshaped crystals |
| ⓘ Aegirine-augite Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] Locality: Melteig Farm, Nome, Telemark, Norway |
| ⓘ 'Allanite Group' Formula: (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup' Formula: AB2C5(T8O22)W2 |
| ⓘ Anatase Formula: TiO2 Description: Brøgger (1821) describes anatase from various rocks in the Fen Complex: Crystals in borolanite-melteigite, grains in biotite-albite-felses, in sannaite, in albiteringite and in damkjernite.
Raade (1969 mentions anatase from "rødberg" (together with synchysite-(Ce)). |
| ⓘ Andradite Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ Ankerite Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3A |
| ⓘ Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 References: |
| ⓘ Augite Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ 'Bastnäsite' Formula: (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| ⓘ Formula: Be3Sc2(Si6O18) Description: Listed in in table 5 p. 978 in Liferovich et al. (1998) with Åmli (1977) as the primary source. However Åmli (1977) does not treat bazzite, but thortveitite. A closer view on the table 5 in Liferovich et al. (1998) might indicate that the line discussing bazzite from the Fen Complex, is by a typographical error, placed in the wrong posistion in the table. |
| ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ Brucite Formula: Mg(OH)2 Description: Brucite is only found in one thin-section of rauhaugite and identified by V.M. Goldschmidt. (Brøgger 1921) |
| ⓘ Burbankite Formula: (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| ⓘ 'Calciopyrochlore' |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Cancrinite Formula: (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' |
| ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' |
| ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' Localities: Description: Pyrochlore from the Fen complex is often pseudomorphed to columbite and an unidentified metamict mineral. Primary columbite is actually rarer than these pseudomorphoses.
Columbite occure in søvite, rauhaugite and "rødberg".
|
| ⓘ Corundum Formula: Al2O3 Description: Occure in very small amounts in søvite.
|
| ⓘ Diaoyudaoite Formula: NaAl11O17 Description: Industrial waste product formed in the furnace process. References: Dahlgren, Sven (2005) Miljøgeologisk undersøkelse av lavradioaktivt slagg fra ferroniobproduksjonen ved Norsk Bergverk på Søve 1956-1965. [Environmental geological investigation of low-radioactive slag from ferroniobium production at Norsk Bergverk on Søve 1956-1965.]. Regiongeologen for Buskerud, Telemark og Vestfold, Rapport 1, 2-48 |
| ⓘ Diopside Formula: CaMgSi2O6 Locality: Melteig Farm, Nome, Telemark, Norway |
| ⓘ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite Formula: Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ Epidote Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ 'Feldspar Group' |
| ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Mesoperthite' |
| ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite' Locality: Hydro Quarry, Nome, Telemark, Norway |
| ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) ? Formula: YNbO4 Description: Åmli (1974) found a few grains of a Yttrium-Niobium mineral in rauhaugite, and assumed it to be fergusonite. |
| ⓘ Ferro-pargasite Formula: NaCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Fersmite Formula: CaNb2O6 Locality: Søve Mines, Nome, Telemark, Norway Description: Found in Søvite. |
| ⓘ Fluorapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F |
| ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS |
| ⓘ Goethite Formula: Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ Hedenbergite Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6 Locality: Melteig Farm, Nome, Telemark, Norway |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ Hercynite Formula: Fe2+Al2O4 Description: Found as inclusions in lherzolite nodules in damkjernite. |
| ⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite Formula: (Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4 Habit: Grains Colour: Khaki-colored Description: Found as inclusions in lherzolite nodules in damkjernite. |
| ⓘ Hibonite Formula: CaAl12O19 Description: Industrial waste product formed in the furnace process. References: Dahlgren, Sven (2005) Miljøgeologisk undersøkelse av lavradioaktivt slagg fra ferroniobproduksjonen ved Norsk Bergverk på Søve 1956-1965. [Environmental geological investigation of low-radioactive slag from ferroniobium production at Norsk Bergverk on Søve 1956-1965.]. Regiongeologen for Buskerud, Telemark og Vestfold, Rapport 1, 2-48 |
| ⓘ Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ 'K Feldspar' |
| ⓘ Kobeite-(Y) Formula: (Y,U)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 (?) Description: Åmli (1974) have found scarce amounts (microscopic) of Kobeite-(Y) in rauhaugite and rødberg. |
| ⓘ Loparite Formula: (Na,REE)2Ti2O6 References: Dahlgren, Sven (2005) Miljøgeologisk undersøkelse av lavradioaktivt slagg fra ferroniobproduksjonen ved Norsk Bergverk på Søve 1956-1965. [Environmental geological investigation of low-radioactive slag from ferroniobium production at Norsk Bergverk on Søve 1956-1965.]. Regiongeologen for Buskerud, Telemark og Vestfold, Rapport 1, 2-48 |
| ⓘ Maghemite Formula: (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite Formula: NaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2 Description: In fenite |
| ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ 'Monazite Group' Formula: REE(PO4) Description: Åmli (1974) reported finds of monazite in both rødberg and rauhaugite. |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Locality: Hydro Quarry, Nome, Telemark, Norway |
| ⓘ Nepheline Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| ⓘ Orthoclase Formula: K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ Pargasite Formula: NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 Locality: Damtjern, Nome, Telemark, Norway Habit: phenocrysts Colour: yellow-brown Description: titanian |
| ⓘ 'Parisite' Formula: Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2 |
| ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) Formula: CaCe2(CO3)3F2 Description: Found in the carbonatite "rødberg" and possibly in rauhaugite as well. Polycrystals of parisite-(Ce)-synchysite (Ce)are found in iron ore. |
| ⓘ Periclase ? Formula: MgO Description: Sæther describe a red isotropic mineral he suspect is periclase, found in rauhaugite |
| ⓘ Perovskite Formula: CaTiO3 |
| ⓘ Perrierite-(Ce) Formula: Ce4MgFe3+2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 References: Dahlgren, Sven (2005) Miljøgeologisk undersøkelse av lavradioaktivt slagg fra ferroniobproduksjonen ved Norsk Bergverk på Søve 1956-1965. [Environmental geological investigation of low-radioactive slag from ferroniobium production at Norsk Bergverk on Søve 1956-1965.]. Regiongeologen for Buskerud, Telemark og Vestfold, Rapport 1, 2-48 |
| ⓘ Phlogopite Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Phlogopite var. Titanium-bearing Phlogopite Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Locality: Damtjern, Nome, Telemark, Norway |
| ⓘ 'Psilomelane' Description: Possible romanechite ? References: |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 |
| ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group' Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Description: Pyrochlore from the Fen complex is often pseudomorphed to columbite and an unidentified metamict mineral. |
| ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)' Formula: (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| ⓘ Pyrolusite Formula: Mn4+O2 Description: Nice micro crystals on romanechite. |
| ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group' Formula: ADSi2O6 |
| ⓘ Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS Description: Found in søvite (calcite-carbonatite). |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Richterite Formula: Na(CaNa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Riebeckite Formula: ◻Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2 Locality: Holla, Nome, Telemark, Norway |
| ⓘ Romanèchite Formula: (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 Description: Occure in very small amounts in søvite. |
| ⓘ 'Sodium Amphibole Subgroup' Formula: A0-1Na2(C2+2-4C3+1-2Li0-1)Σ5(Si8-mAlmO22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| ⓘ 'Sodium-Calcium Amphibole Subgroup' Formula: An(NaCa)(C2+5-mC3+m)(Si8-(n+m+1)Al(n+m-1)O22)V2 |
| ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS |
| ⓘ Spinel Formula: MgAl2O4 References: Dahlgren, Sven (2005) Miljøgeologisk undersøkelse av lavradioaktivt slagg fra ferroniobproduksjonen ved Norsk Bergverk på Søve 1956-1965. [Environmental geological investigation of low-radioactive slag from ferroniobium production at Norsk Bergverk on Søve 1956-1965.]. Regiongeologen for Buskerud, Telemark og Vestfold, Rapport 1, 2-48 |
| ⓘ 'Synchysite' Formula: Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
| ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce) Formula: CaCe(CO3)2F Description: Found in the carbonatites rødberg and rauhaugite, and form polycrystals with parisite-(Ce). |
| ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite Formula: KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 Habit: euhedral to anhedral Colour: bright red Description: As euhedral to anhedral bright red crystals in søvite |
| ⓘ Thorianite Formula: ThO2 Description: Åmli (1974) report finding thorianit as inclutions in chalcopyrite in rauhaugite. |
| ⓘ Thorite Formula: Th(SiO4) References: |
| ⓘ Thortveitite Formula: Sc2Si2O7 Description: Found as 2-3 mikron large grains in rauhaugite and Rødberg |
| ⓘ Titanite Formula: CaTiO(SiO4) |
| ⓘ Topaz Formula: Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ Tremolite Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 Locality: Søve Mines, Nome, Telemark, Norway |
| ⓘ Villiaumite Formula: NaF Description: Found in a drill-core in søvite. |
| ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) Description: Occure as acessory mineral in rauhaugite and søvite. |
| ⓘ Zoisite Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Locality: Søve Mines, Nome, Telemark, Norway |
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Villiaumite | 3.AA.20 | NaF |
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.00. | Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Pyrochlore Group' | 4.00. | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| ⓘ | 'var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)' | 4.00. | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| ⓘ | Periclase ? | 4.AB.25 | MgO |
| ⓘ | Hercynite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Spinel | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 |
| ⓘ | Hercynite var. Picotite | 4.BB.05 | (Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4 |
| ⓘ | Maghemite | 4.BB.15 | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Corundum | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ | Perovskite | 4.CC.30 | CaTiO3 |
| ⓘ | Loparite | 4.CC.35 | (Na,REE)2Ti2O6 |
| ⓘ | Diaoyudaoite | 4.CC.45 | NaAl11O17 |
| ⓘ | Hibonite | 4.CC.45 | CaAl12O19 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrolusite | 4.DB.05 | Mn4+O2 |
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Anatase | 4.DD.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Fersmite | 4.DG.05 | CaNb2O6 |
| ⓘ | Kobeite-(Y) | 4.DG.05 | (Y,U)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 (?) |
| ⓘ | Romanèchite | 4.DK.10 | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| ⓘ | Thorianite | 4.DL.05 | ThO2 |
| ⓘ | Brucite | 4.FE.05 | Mg(OH)2 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Ankerite | 5.AB.10 | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Burbankite | 5.AC.30 | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| ⓘ | Parisite-(Ce) | 5.BD.20b | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| ⓘ | Synchysite-(Ce) | 5.BD.20c | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Fergusonite-(Y) ? | 7.GA.05 | YNbO4 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Andradite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | var. Melanite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Thorite | 9.AD.30 | Th(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Topaz | 9.AF.35 | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Thortveitite | 9.BC.05 | Sc2Si2O7 |
| ⓘ | Perrierite-(Ce) | 9.BE.70 | Ce4MgFe3+2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Zoisite | 9.BG.10 | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Bazzite ? | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Sc2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | Augite | 9.DA.15 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Hedenbergite | 9.DA.15 | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Aegirine-augite | 9.DA.20 | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Aegirine | 9.DA.25 | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Tremolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Ferro-pargasite | 9.DE.15 | NaCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Pargasite | 9.DE.15 | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Richterite | 9.DE.20 | Na(CaNa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Magnesio-arfvedsonite | 9.DE.25 | NaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Riebeckite | 9.DE.25 | ◻Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Tetraferriphlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Phlogopite var. Titanium-bearing Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Nepheline | 9.FA.05 | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Oligoclase | 9.FA.35 | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| ⓘ | Cancrinite | 9.FB.05 | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Amphibole Supergroup' | - | AB2C5(T8O22)W2 |
| ⓘ | 'Bastnäsite' | - | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Monazite Group' | - | REE(PO4) |
| ⓘ | 'Psilomelane' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Parisite' | - | Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2 |
| ⓘ | 'Synchysite' | - | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
| ⓘ | 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Pyroxene Group' | - | ADSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| ⓘ | 'Sodium Amphibole Subgroup' | - | A0-1Na2(C2+2-4C3+1-2Li0-1)Σ5(Si8-mAlmO22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Calciopyrochlore' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Sodium-Calcium Amphibole Subgroup' | - | An(NaCa)(C2+5-mC3+m)(Si8-(n+m+1)Al(n+m-1)O22)V2 |
| ⓘ | 'Allanite Group' | - | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group var. Mesoperthite' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Ferro-pargasite | NaCa2(Fe42+Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Kobeite-(Y) | (Y,U)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 (?) |
| H | ⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite | NaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| H | ⓘ Richterite | Na(CaNa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻Na2(Fe32+Fe23+)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Romanèchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| H | ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| H | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Sodium Amphibole Subgroup | A0-1Na2(C2+2-4C3+1-2Li0-1)Σ5(Si8-mAlmO22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| H | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Phlogopite var. Titanium-bearing Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Li | Lithium | |
| Li | ⓘ Sodium Amphibole Subgroup | A0-1Na2(C2+2-4C3+1-2Li0-1)Σ5(Si8-mAlmO22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | ⓘ Bazzite | Be3Sc2(Si6O18) |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| C | ⓘ Burbankite | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| C | ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| C | ⓘ Parisite | Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2 |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5(T8O22)W2 |
| O | ⓘ Anatase | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| O | ⓘ Bazzite | Be3Sc2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | ⓘ Burbankite | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| O | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Corundum | Al2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Diaoyudaoite | NaAl11O17 |
| O | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
| O | ⓘ Ferro-pargasite | NaCa2(Fe42+Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Fersmite | CaNb2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Hibonite | CaAl12O19 |
| O | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Kobeite-(Y) | (Y,U)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 (?) |
| O | ⓘ Loparite | (Na,REE)2Ti2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite | NaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Monazite Group | REE(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| O | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| O | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| O | ⓘ Periclase | MgO |
| O | ⓘ Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Perrierite-(Ce) | Ce4MgFe23+Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| O | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| O | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Richterite | Na(CaNa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻Na2(Fe32+Fe23+)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Romanèchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| O | ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Thorianite | ThO2 |
| O | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Thortveitite | Sc2Si2O7 |
| O | ⓘ Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Parisite | Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2 |
| O | ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite | (Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| O | ⓘ Sodium Amphibole Subgroup | A0-1Na2(C2+2-4C3+1-2Li0-1)Σ5(Si8-mAlmO22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| O | ⓘ Sodium-Calcium Amphibole Subgroup | An(NaCa)(C2+5-mCm3+)(Si8-(n+m+1)Al(n+m-1)O22)V2 |
| O | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Phlogopite var. Titanium-bearing Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| F | ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| F | ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| F | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| F | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| F | ⓘ Villiaumite | NaF |
| F | ⓘ Parisite | Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2 |
| F | ⓘ Sodium Amphibole Subgroup | A0-1Na2(C2+2-4C3+1-2Li0-1)Σ5(Si8-mAlmO22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Na | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Burbankite | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| Na | ⓘ Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Diaoyudaoite | NaAl11O17 |
| Na | ⓘ Ferro-pargasite | NaCa2(Fe42+Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Loparite | (Na,REE)2Ti2O6 |
| Na | ⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite | NaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| Na | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Na | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Richterite | Na(CaNa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻Na2(Fe32+Fe23+)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Villiaumite | NaF |
| Na | ⓘ Sodium Amphibole Subgroup | A0-1Na2(C2+2-4C3+1-2Li0-1)Σ5(Si8-mAlmO22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Sodium-Calcium Amphibole Subgroup | An(NaCa)(C2+5-mCm3+)(Si8-(n+m+1)Al(n+m-1)O22)V2 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite | NaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Periclase | MgO |
| Mg | ⓘ Perrierite-(Ce) | Ce4MgFe23+Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Richterite | Na(CaNa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite | (Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Phlogopite var. Titanium-bearing Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Corundum | Al2O3 |
| Al | ⓘ Diaoyudaoite | NaAl11O17 |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Ferro-pargasite | NaCa2(Fe42+Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Hibonite | CaAl12O19 |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| Al | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Al | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite | (Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Sodium Amphibole Subgroup | A0-1Na2(C2+2-4C3+1-2Li0-1)Σ5(Si8-mAlmO22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Sodium-Calcium Amphibole Subgroup | An(NaCa)(C2+5-mCm3+)(Si8-(n+m+1)Al(n+m-1)O22)V2 |
| Al | ⓘ Phlogopite var. Titanium-bearing Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Bazzite | Be3Sc2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Ferro-pargasite | NaCa2(Fe42+Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite | NaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| Si | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Si | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Perrierite-(Ce) | Ce4MgFe23+Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Richterite | Na(CaNa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻Na2(Fe32+Fe23+)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Thortveitite | Sc2Si2O7 |
| Si | ⓘ Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Sodium Amphibole Subgroup | A0-1Na2(C2+2-4C3+1-2Li0-1)Σ5(Si8-mAlmO22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Sodium-Calcium Amphibole Subgroup | An(NaCa)(C2+5-mCm3+)(Si8-(n+m+1)Al(n+m-1)O22)V2 |
| Si | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Phlogopite var. Titanium-bearing Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| P | ⓘ Monazite Group | REE(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Sodium Amphibole Subgroup | A0-1Na2(C2+2-4C3+1-2Li0-1)Σ5(Si8-mAlmO22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| K | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Phlogopite var. Titanium-bearing Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Burbankite | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Ferro-pargasite | NaCa2(Fe42+Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fersmite | CaNb2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Hibonite | CaAl12O19 |
| Ca | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Ca | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Richterite | Na(CaNa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| Ca | ⓘ Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| Ca | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| Ca | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Parisite | Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| Ca | ⓘ Sodium-Calcium Amphibole Subgroup | An(NaCa)(C2+5-mCm3+)(Si8-(n+m+1)Al(n+m-1)O22)V2 |
| Sc | Scandium | |
| Sc | ⓘ Bazzite | Be3Sc2(Si6O18) |
| Sc | ⓘ Thortveitite | Sc2Si2O7 |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Anatase | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Kobeite-(Y) | (Y,U)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 (?) |
| Ti | ⓘ Loparite | (Na,REE)2Ti2O6 |
| Ti | ⓘ Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Perrierite-(Ce) | Ce4MgFe23+Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| Ti | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| Cr | Chromium | |
| Cr | ⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite | (Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Romanèchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| Mn | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferro-pargasite | NaCa2(Fe42+Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite | NaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Perrierite-(Ce) | Ce4MgFe23+Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Fe | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻Na2(Fe32+Fe23+)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Fe | ⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite | (Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | ⓘ Burbankite | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| Y | Yttrium | |
| Y | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| Y | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
| Y | ⓘ Kobeite-(Y) | (Y,U)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 (?) |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
| Nb | ⓘ Fersmite | CaNb2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Kobeite-(Y) | (Y,U)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 (?) |
| Nb | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| Nb | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Ba | ⓘ Burbankite | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| Ba | ⓘ Romanèchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| La | Lanthanum | |
| La | ⓘ Parisite | Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2 |
| Ce | Cerium | |
| Ce | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| Ce | ⓘ Burbankite | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| Ce | ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| Ce | ⓘ Perrierite-(Ce) | Ce4MgFe23+Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| Ce | ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| Ce | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| Ce | ⓘ Parisite | Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2 |
| Nd | Neodymium | |
| Nd | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| Nd | ⓘ Parisite | Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2 |
| Ta | Tantalum | |
| Ta | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Th | Thorium | |
| Th | ⓘ Thorianite | ThO2 |
| Th | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| U | Uranium | |
| U | ⓘ Kobeite-(Y) | (Y,U)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 (?) |
| U | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
Geochronology
Mineralization age: Neoproterozoic : 568 MaImportant note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.
| Geologic Time | Rocks, Minerals and Events | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Precambrian | |||||||
| Proterozoic | |||||||
| Neoproterozoic | |||||||
| Ediacaran |
| ||||||
Fossils
This region is too big or complex to display the fossil list, try looking at smaller subregions.Localities in this Region
- Telemark
Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect
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References
Griffin, W. L. (1973) Lherzolite nodules from the Fen alkaline complex, Norway. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 38 (2) 135-146 doi:10.1007/bf00373877
Mitchell, Roger H., Brunfelt, Arild O. (1975) Rare earth element geochemistry of the Fen alkaline complex, Norway. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 52 (4) 247-259 doi:10.1007/bf00401455
Amli, R. (1977) Carbonatites, a possible source of scandium as indicated by Sc mineralization in the Fen paralkaline complex, southern Norway. Economic Geology, 72 (5) 855-859 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.72.5.855
Andersen, Tom (1983) Iron ores in the Fen central complex, Telemark (S.Norway): Petrography, chemical evolution and conditions of equilibrium. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift [Norwegian Journal of Geology], 63 (2-3) 73-82
Andersen, Tom (1984) Secondary processes in carbonatites: petrology of “rødberg” (hematite-calcite-dolomite carbonatite) in the Fen central complex, Telemark (South Norway) Lithos, 17. 227-245 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(84)90022-7
Barber, D. J.; Wenk, H. R. (1984) Microstructures in carbonates from the Alnø and Fen carbonatites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 88 (3). 233-245 doi:10.1007/bf00380168
Kresten, Peter, Morogan, Viorica (1986) Fenitization at the Fen complex, southern Norway. Lithos, 19 (1) 27-42 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(86)90013-7
Andersen, Tom (1986) Compositional variation of some rare earth minerals from the Fen complex (Telemark, SE Norway): implications for the mobility of rare earths in a carbonatite system. Mineralogical Magazine, 50 (357) 503-509 doi:10.1180/minmag.1986.050.357.13
Andersen, Tom, Qvale, Henning (1986) Pyroclastic Mechanisms for Carbonatite Intrusion: Evidence from Intrusives in the Fen Central Complex, Se Norway. The Journal of Geology, 94 (5) 762-769 doi:10.1086/629081
Andersen, Tom (1986) Compositional variation of some rare earth minerals from the Fen complex (Telemark, SE Norway): implications for the mobility of rare earths in a carbonatite system. Mineralogical Magazine, 50 (357) 503-509 doi:10.1180/minmag.1986.050.357.13
Andersen, Tom (1987) Mantle and crustal components in a carbonatite complex, and the evolution of carbonatite magma: Ree and isotopic evidence from the fen complex, southeast Norway. Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience section, 65 (2). 147-166 doi:10.1016/0168-9622(87)90070-4
Andersen, Tom (1988) Evolution of peralkaline calcite carbonatite magma in the Fen complex, southeast Norway. Lithos, 22 (2) 99-112 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(88)90019-9
Andersen, Tom, Taylor, Paul N. (1988) Pb isotope geochemistry of the Fen carbonatite complex, S.E. Norway: Age and petrogenetic implications. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52 (1) 209-215 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(88)90069-5
Andersen, Tom (1989) Carbonatite-related contact metasomatism in the Fen complex, Norway: effects and petrogenetic implications. Mineralogical Magazine, 53 (372) 395-414 doi:10.1180/minmag.1989.053.372.01
Andersen, Tom, Austrheim, Håkon (1991) Temperature-HF fugacity trends during crystallization of calcite carbonatite magma in the Fen complex, Norway. Mineralogical Magazine, 55 (378) 81-94 doi:10.1180/minmag.1991.055.378.07
Dahlgren, Sven (1993) Fensfeltet-et stykke eksplosiv geologi, in Telemark II. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 20 (3) 146-155
Dahlgren, Sven (1994) Late proterozoic and Carboniferous ultramafic magmatism of carbonatitic affinity in southern Norway. Lithos, 31 (3) 141-154 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(94)90005-1
Meert, Joseph G., Torsvik, Trond H., Eide, Elizabeth A., Dahlgren, Sven (1998) Tectonic Significance of the Fen Province, S. Norway: Constraints From Geochronology and Paleomagnetism. The Journal of Geology, 106 (5) 553-564 doi:10.1086/516041
Verschure, Robert Henri, Maijer, Cornelis (2005) A new Rb-Sr isotopic parameter for metasomatism, △t, and its application in a study of pluri-fenitized gneisses around the Fen ring complex, South Norway. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Bulletin 445 p.45-71.
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Fen Complex, Nome, Telemark, Norway