Located on Bergville Farm 490 is Late Proterozoic carbonatite veins and phonolite dikes in metasedimentary rorks (gneisses and schists) with stocks of nepheline syenite to 2km². Veins are usually 0.5 to 5m in width and up to 25m in width by 5km in length.

Burbankite is the main REE host in the unaltered 'Main' intrusion (of calcite carbonatite).

The Lofdal intrusive suite comprises a main syenite–carbonatite intrusion and a smaller body featuring numerous east–west trending carbonatite veins and smaller calcite carbonatite bodies. Most of the phonolite and carbonatite dikes range in width from centimeters to 30 m and can extend up to 15 km along the strike. Some dikes exhibit significant hydrothermal alteration and share characteristics with the calcite carbonatite of the main intrusion. In the primary, unaltered calcite carbonatite of the main intrusion, the primary REE mineral is burbankite.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.

ⓘ Rare Earths

Mineral List

40 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

ⓘ 'Phonolitic tephrite'

ⓘ 'Porphyrite'

ⓘ Pyroxenite

ⓘ Syenite

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aegirine

Formula: NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ Aegirine-augite

Formula: (Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)

Formula: Y(TiNb)O₆

References:

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Wall, F., Niku-Paavola, V.N., Storey, C., Müller, A. & Jeffries, T. (2008) Xenotime-(Y) from carbonatite dykes at Lofdal, Namibia: unusually low LREE:HREE ratio in carbonatite, and first dating of xenotime overgrowths in zircon. Canadian Mineralogist, 46, 861-877.

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ 'Ancylite'

References:

Sitnikova, M.A., Do Cabo, V., Wall, F., Goldmann, S. (2021): Burbankite and pseudomorphs from the Main Intrusion calcite carbonatite, Lofdal, Namibia: association, mineral chemistry, Raman spectroscopy. Mineralogical Magazine: 85 (in press).

Ren, Junping; Gu, Alei; Sun, Kai; Zhang, Hang; Li, Jianwu; Sun, Hongwei; Lu, Yiguan; Tong, Xin; Wu, Xingyuan; Zhou, Zuomin (2025) A Review of Rare Earth Elements Resources in Africa. Minerals, 15 (9). doi:10.3390/min15090980

ⓘ Ankerite

Formula: Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂

References:

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ Augite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ Baryte

Formula: BaSO₄

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ 'Bastnäsite'

Formula: (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)

Formula: Ce(CO₃)F

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ Burbankite

Formula: (Na,Ca)₃(Sr,Ba,Ce)₃(CO₃)₅

References:

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite

Formula: (Ca,Mn)CO₃

References:

ⓘ Cancrinite

Formula: (Na,Ca,◻)₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(CO₃,SO₄)₂ · 2H₂O

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ Carbocernaite

Formula: (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO₃)₂

References:

ⓘ Celestine

Formula: SrSO₄

References:

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

References:

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)

Formula: Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ 'Cordylite'

References:

ⓘ Dolomite

Formula: CaMg(CO₃)₂

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

References:

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ Fluorapatite

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃F

References:

ⓘ Fluorite

Formula: CaF₂

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ 'Limonite'

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ Microcline

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)

Formula: Ce(PO₄)

References:

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ 'Monazite Group'

Formula: REE(PO₄)

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ Nepheline

Formula: Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ 'Parisite'

Formula: Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ Parisite-(Ce)

Formula: CaCe₂(CO₃)₃F₂

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ Phlogopite

Formula: KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ 'Plagioclase'

Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'

Formula: A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ Riebeckite

Formula: ◻[Na₂][Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ Sodalite

Formula: Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ Strontianite

Formula: SrCO₃

References:

ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)

Formula: CaCe(CO₃)₂F

References:

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ Synchysite-(Y)

Formula: CaY(CO₃)₂F

References:

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ Thorite

Formula: Th(SiO₄)

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTi(SiO₄)O

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

ⓘ 'Xenotime'

References:

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)

Formula: Y(PO₄)

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

Harmer, R.E., Nex, P.A.M. (2016) Rare Earth Deposits of Africa. Episodes, 39 (2) 381-406 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95784

ⓘ Zirconolite

Formula: CaZrTi₂O₇

References:

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Fluorite	3.AB.25	CaF₂
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	'Pyrochlore Group'	4.00.	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Columbite-(Fe)	4.DB.35	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆
ⓘ	Aeschynite-(Y)	4.DF.05	Y(TiNb)O₆
ⓘ	Zirconolite	4.DH.30	CaZrTi₂O₇
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	var. Manganese-bearing Calcite	5.AB.05	(Ca,Mn)CO₃
ⓘ	Ankerite	5.AB.10	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Dolomite	5.AB.10	CaMg(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Strontianite	5.AB.15	SrCO₃
ⓘ	Carbocernaite	5.AB.50	(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Burbankite	5.AC.30	(Na,Ca)₃(Sr,Ba,Ce)₃(CO₃)₅
ⓘ	Bastnäsite-(Ce)	5.BD.20a	Ce(CO₃)F
ⓘ	Parisite-(Ce)	5.BD.20b	CaCe₂(CO₃)₃F₂
ⓘ	Synchysite-(Ce)	5.BD.20c	CaCe(CO₃)₂F
ⓘ	Synchysite-(Y)	5.BD.20c	CaY(CO₃)₂F
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Baryte	7.AD.35	BaSO₄
ⓘ	Celestine	7.AD.35	SrSO₄
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Xenotime-(Y)	8.AD.35	Y(PO₄)
ⓘ	Monazite-(Ce)	8.AD.50	Ce(PO₄)
ⓘ	Fluorapatite	8.BN.05	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Thorite	9.AD.30	Th(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTi(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Augite	9.DA.15	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Aegirine-augite	9.DA.20	(Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Aegirine	9.DA.25	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Riebeckite	9.DE.25	◻[Na₂][Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Phlogopite	9.EC.20	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Nepheline	9.FA.05	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
ⓘ	Microcline	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Cancrinite	9.FB.05	(Na,Ca,◻)₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(CO₃,SO₄)₂ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Sodalite	9.FB.10	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Bastnäsite'	-	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group'	-
ⓘ	'Limonite'	-
ⓘ	'Monazite Group'	-	REE(PO₄)
ⓘ	'Xenotime'	-
ⓘ	'Parisite'	-	Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂
ⓘ	'Ancylite'	-
ⓘ	'Plagioclase'	-	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
ⓘ	'Cordylite'	-
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Cancrinite	(Na,Ca,◻)₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(CO₃,SO₄)₂ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Pyrochlore Group	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
H	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻[Na₂][Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)	Ce(CO₃)F
C	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
C	ⓘ Burbankite	(Na,Ca)₃(Sr,Ba,Ce)₃(CO₃)₅
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Cancrinite	(Na,Ca,◻)₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(CO₃,SO₄)₂ · 2H₂O
C	ⓘ Carbocernaite	(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite	(Ca,Mn)CO₃
C	ⓘ Parisite-(Ce)	CaCe₂(CO₃)₃F₂
C	ⓘ Strontianite	SrCO₃
C	ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)	CaCe(CO₃)₂F
C	ⓘ Synchysite-(Y)	CaY(CO₃)₂F
C	ⓘ Parisite	Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)	Y(TiNb)O₆
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
O	ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)	Ce(CO₃)F
O	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Burbankite	(Na,Ca)₃(Sr,Ba,Ce)₃(CO₃)₅
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Cancrinite	(Na,Ca,◻)₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(CO₃,SO₄)₂ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Carbocernaite	(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Celestine	SrSO₄
O	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆
O	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite	(Ca,Mn)CO₃
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Monazite Group	REE(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)	Ce(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
O	ⓘ Parisite-(Ce)	CaCe₂(CO₃)₃F₂
O	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Pyrochlore Group	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻[Na₂][Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Sodalite	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
O	ⓘ Strontianite	SrCO₃
O	ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)	CaCe(CO₃)₂F
O	ⓘ Synchysite-(Y)	CaY(CO₃)₂F
O	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)	Y(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Zirconolite	CaZrTi₂O₇
O	ⓘ Parisite	Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂
O	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)	Ce(CO₃)F
F	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
F	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
F	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
F	ⓘ Parisite-(Ce)	CaCe₂(CO₃)₃F₂
F	ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)	CaCe(CO₃)₂F
F	ⓘ Synchysite-(Y)	CaY(CO₃)₂F
F	ⓘ Parisite	Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂
F	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Na	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Burbankite	(Na,Ca)₃(Sr,Ba,Ce)₃(CO₃)₅
Na	ⓘ Cancrinite	(Na,Ca,◻)₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(CO₃,SO₄)₂ · 2H₂O
Na	ⓘ Carbocernaite	(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO₃)₂
Na	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Na	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻[Na₂][Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Sodalite	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
Na	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Cancrinite	(Na,Ca,◻)₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(CO₃,SO₄)₂ · 2H₂O
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Al	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Sodalite	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
Al	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Cancrinite	(Na,Ca,◻)₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(CO₃,SO₄)₂ · 2H₂O
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Si	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻[Na₂][Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Sodalite	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
Si	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
P	ⓘ Monazite Group	REE(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)	Ce(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)	Y(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
S	ⓘ Cancrinite	(Na,Ca,◻)₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(CO₃,SO₄)₂ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Celestine	SrSO₄
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Sodalite	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
Cl	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
K	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Burbankite	(Na,Ca)₃(Sr,Ba,Ce)₃(CO₃)₅
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Cancrinite	(Na,Ca,◻)₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(CO₃,SO₄)₂ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Carbocernaite	(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Ca	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
Ca	ⓘ Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite	(Ca,Mn)CO₃
Ca	ⓘ Parisite-(Ce)	CaCe₂(CO₃)₃F₂
Ca	ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)	CaCe(CO₃)₂F
Ca	ⓘ Synchysite-(Y)	CaY(CO₃)₂F
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ca	ⓘ Zirconolite	CaZrTi₂O₇
Ca	ⓘ Parisite	Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂
Ca	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)	Y(TiNb)O₆
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ti	ⓘ Zirconolite	CaZrTi₂O₇
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite	(Ca,Mn)CO₃
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Fe	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻[Na₂][Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Sr	Strontium
Sr	ⓘ Burbankite	(Na,Ca)₃(Sr,Ba,Ce)₃(CO₃)₅
Sr	ⓘ Carbocernaite	(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO₃)₂
Sr	ⓘ Celestine	SrSO₄
Sr	ⓘ Strontianite	SrCO₃
Y	Yttrium
Y	ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)	Y(TiNb)O₆
Y	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
Y	ⓘ Synchysite-(Y)	CaY(CO₃)₂F
Y	ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)	Y(PO₄)
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Zr	ⓘ Zirconolite	CaZrTi₂O₇
Nb	Niobium
Nb	ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)	Y(TiNb)O₆
Nb	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆
Nb	ⓘ Pyrochlore Group	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
Ba	Barium
Ba	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
Ba	ⓘ Burbankite	(Na,Ca)₃(Sr,Ba,Ce)₃(CO₃)₅
Ba	ⓘ Carbocernaite	(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO₃)₂
La	Lanthanum
La	ⓘ Parisite	Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂
Ce	Cerium
Ce	ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)	Ce(CO₃)F
Ce	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
Ce	ⓘ Burbankite	(Na,Ca)₃(Sr,Ba,Ce)₃(CO₃)₅
Ce	ⓘ Carbocernaite	(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO₃)₂
Ce	ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)	Ce(PO₄)
Ce	ⓘ Parisite-(Ce)	CaCe₂(CO₃)₃F₂
Ce	ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)	CaCe(CO₃)₂F
Ce	ⓘ Parisite	Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂
Nd	Neodymium
Nd	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
Nd	ⓘ Parisite	Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂
Th	Thorium
Th	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

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References

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p.

[1]Ren, Junping; Gu, Alei; Sun, Kai; Zhang, Hang; Li, Jianwu; Sun, Hongwei; Lu, Yiguan; Tong, Xin; Wu, Xingyuan; Zhou, Zuomin (2025) A Review of Rare Earth Elements Resources in Africa. Minerals, 15 (9). doi:10.3390/min15090980

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Lofdal-Bergville REE deposit, Khorixas, Kunene Region, NamibiaiRegional Level TypesLofdal-Bergville REE depositDeposit KhorixasConstituency Kunene RegionRegion NamibiaCountry function showexplain() { $("#locexplain").toggle(); if (typeof movemap === "function") movemap(); }

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Lofdal-Bergville REE deposit, Khorixas, Kunene Region, Namibia i
Regional Level Types
Lofdal-Bergville REE deposit Deposit
Khorixas Constituency
Kunene Region Region
Namibia Country