Log InRegister
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreOur ScienceMindat Newsletter [Free Download]Contact Us
Donate to MindatSponsor a PageCorporate SponsorshipSponsored Pages
Learning CenterWhat Is a Mineral?The Most Common Minerals on EarthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesMindat Newsletter [Free Download]The ElementsThe Mineral Quiz
Search FormMinerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryMineral Visual ExplorerAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDMinerals by CountryAlphabetical Mineral IndexAlphabetical Locality SearchMineral Association SearchList of CountriesLocalities Near MePhoto SearchSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMore Search Options
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
MineralsPetrologyFossilsMeteoritesGeologic Time
Mining CompaniesStatisticsMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsDevice SettingsTime Machine
Read DiscussionsIdentification Request
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColourPhoto Colour ExplorerNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Virulundo, Virei, Namibe Province, Angolai
Regional Level Types
VirulundoVolcanic Plug
VireiMunicipality
Namibe ProvinceProvince
AngolaCountry

This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
PhotosMapsSearch
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
16° 18' 0'' South , 12° 55' 59'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
-16.30000,12.93333
GeoHash:
G#: km15q29v8
GRN:
S11E09
Type:
Volcanic Plug
Köppen climate type:
BSh : Hot semi-arid (steppe) climate
Mindat Locality ID:
158067
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:158067:2
GUID (UUID V4):
0


REE occurrence.

Potassic carbonatite and fenite.

Nearly circular plug of carbonatite with a diameter of nearly 3 km, with which no consanguineous intrusive silicate rocks are associated. It forms a steep-sided, in places, vertical, hill rising to 800 m above its base.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


23 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
References:
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Torró, L., Villanova, C., Castillo, M., Campeny, M., Gonçalves, A. O., Melgarejo, J. C. (2012) Niobium and rare earth minerals from the Virulundo carbonatite, Namibe, Angola. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (2) 393-409 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.2.08
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ Britholite-(Ce)
Formula: (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
ⓘ 'Britholite-(La)'
Formula: Ca2(La,Ce,Ca)3(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F)
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
References:
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Torró, L., Villanova, C., Castillo, M., Campeny, M., Gonçalves, A. O., Melgarejo, J. C. (2012) Niobium and rare earth minerals from the Virulundo carbonatite, Namibe, Angola. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (2) 393-409 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.2.08
ⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)
Formula: (Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
References:
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Torró, L., Villanova, C., Castillo, M., Campeny, M., Gonçalves, A. O., Melgarejo, J. C. (2012) Niobium and rare earth minerals from the Virulundo carbonatite, Namibe, Angola. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (2) 393-409 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.2.08
ⓘ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
References:
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Torró, L., Villanova, C., Castillo, M., Campeny, M., Gonçalves, A. O., Melgarejo, J. C. (2012) Niobium and rare earth minerals from the Virulundo carbonatite, Namibe, Angola. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (2) 393-409 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.2.08
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Hollandite
Formula: Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16
References:
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Torró, L., Villanova, C., Castillo, M., Campeny, M., Gonçalves, A. O., Melgarejo, J. C. (2012) Niobium and rare earth minerals from the Virulundo carbonatite, Namibe, Angola. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (2) 393-409 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.2.08
ⓘ 'Limonite'
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
References:
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Torró, L., Villanova, C., Castillo, M., Campeny, M., Gonçalves, A. O., Melgarejo, J. C. (2012) Niobium and rare earth minerals from the Virulundo carbonatite, Namibe, Angola. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (2) 393-409 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.2.08
ⓘ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘ 'Parisite'
Formula: Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
References:
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Torró, L., Villanova, C., Castillo, M., Campeny, M., Gonçalves, A. O., Melgarejo, J. C. (2012) Niobium and rare earth minerals from the Virulundo carbonatite, Namibe, Angola. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (2) 393-409 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.2.08
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rhabdophane-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile
Formula: (Ti,Nb)O2
ⓘ Strontianite
Formula: SrCO3
References:
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Torró, L., Villanova, C., Castillo, M., Campeny, M., Gonçalves, A. O., Melgarejo, J. C. (2012) Niobium and rare earth minerals from the Virulundo carbonatite, Namibe, Angola. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (2) 393-409 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.2.08
ⓘ 'Synchysite'
Formula: Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)
Formula: CaCe(CO3)2F
ⓘ Synchysite-(Y)
Formula: CaY(CO3)2F
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)
References:
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Torró, L., Villanova, C., Castillo, M., Campeny, M., Gonçalves, A. O., Melgarejo, J. C. (2012) Niobium and rare earth minerals from the Virulundo carbonatite, Namibe, Angola. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (2) 393-409 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.2.08

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘvar. Niobium-bearing Rutile4.DB.05(Ti,Nb)O2
ⓘHollandite4.DK.05aBa(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘStrontianite5.AB.15SrCO3
ⓘMalachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘSynchysite-(Ce)5.BD.20cCaCe(CO3)2F
ⓘSynchysite-(Y)5.BD.20cCaY(CO3)2F
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘFluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘRhabdophane-(Ce)8.CJ.45Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘCerite-(CeCa)9.AG.20(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3
ⓘBritholite-(Ce)9.AH.25(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
ⓘ'Britholite-(La)'9.AH.25Ca2(La,Ce,Ca)3(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F)
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Unclassified
ⓘ'Limonite'-
ⓘ'Parisite'-Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
ⓘ'Synchysite'-Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Hⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3
Hⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Hⓘ Rhabdophane-(Ce)Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Hⓘ Britholite-(La)Ca2(La,Ce,Ca)3(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F)
CCarbon
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
Cⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Cⓘ Synchysite-(Y)CaY(CO3)2F
Cⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Cⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
OOxygen
Oⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ HollanditeBa(Mn64+Mn23+)O16
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Rhabdophane-(Ce)Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
Oⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Oⓘ Synchysite-(Y)CaY(CO3)2F
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Oⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
Oⓘ Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Britholite-(La)Ca2(La,Ce,Ca)3(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F)
FFluorine
Fⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Fⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Fⓘ Synchysite-(Y)CaY(CO3)2F
Fⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Fⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Fⓘ Britholite-(La)Ca2(La,Ce,Ca)3(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F)
NaSodium
Naⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Siⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Siⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Britholite-(La)Ca2(La,Ce,Ca)3(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F)
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Pⓘ Rhabdophane-(Ce)Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Pⓘ Britholite-(La)Ca2(La,Ce,Ca)3(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F)
SSulfur
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
ClChlorine
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Caⓘ Synchysite-(Y)CaY(CO3)2F
Caⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Caⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caⓘ Britholite-(La)Ca2(La,Ce,Ca)3(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile(Ti,Nb)O2
MnManganese
Mnⓘ HollanditeBa(Mn64+Mn23+)O16
FeIron
Feⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
CuCopper
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
SrStrontium
Srⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
YYttrium
Yⓘ Synchysite-(Y)CaY(CO3)2F
Yⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Nbⓘ Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile(Ti,Nb)O2
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Baⓘ HollanditeBa(Mn64+Mn23+)O16
LaLanthanum
Laⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Laⓘ Britholite-(La)Ca2(La,Ce,Ca)3(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F)
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Ceⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3
Ceⓘ Rhabdophane-(Ce)Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
Ceⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Ceⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Ceⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
Ceⓘ Britholite-(La)Ca2(La,Ce,Ca)3(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F)
NdNeodymium
Ndⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Ndⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AfricaContinent
African PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Woolley, A. R. (2001) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 3: Africa - Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. The Geological Society of London.p.22
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Torró, L., Villanova, C., Castillo, M., Gonçalves, A.O., Melgarejo, J.C. (2012) Niobium and rare earth minerals from the Virulundo carbonatite, Namibe, Angola. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (2) 393-409 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.2.08
Quick NavTopMineral ListRock TypesOther RegionsReferences
 
and/or  
Mindat.org® is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Mindat® and mindat.org® are registered trademarks of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2026, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau.
Content on this site may not be used to train, fine-tune, or otherwise develop artificial intelligence or machine learning models without prior written permission - see our Terms & Conditions.
To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: October 19, 2026 14:06:14 Page updated: August 17, 2025 19:24:03
Go to top of page