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Brendon Hills, Somerset, England, UKi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Brendon Hills | Group of Hills |
| Somerset | County |
| England | Constituent Country |
| UK | Country |
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The Brendon Hill mines are mostly strung out on either side of the B3224 (Withiel Hill) Road. The mines working a number of discontinuous Iron ore bodies controlled by east-west faulting, associated with the Brendon Syncline and Anticline in the Devonian Slates.The mines were developed to a depth of 170 mts at the Raleighs Cross Mine. The ore appears to have initially been goethite/hematite soon passing in to unoxidised siderite. The area was trialed in the 1830s, although there is circumstantial evidence that the mines were worked by the Romans. The last mine closing in 1883 due to better quality and cheaper iron ore from Spain. Many of the mines on Brendon Hills were referred to as pits probably due to ownership by a south Wales iron smelting company from 1853-1883. Most of the mines have vanished from the landscape, some bulldozed, or just an area of rough ground, or just become part of a field . Industrial archaeological investigations have been undertaken over the last 10 years or so, with interesting reclamation work at Brendon Hill Incline, and Langham Hill Mine.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsMineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities21 valid minerals.
Detailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Atelestite Formula: Bi2(AsO4)O(OH) Colour: Colourless-White Description: EDS partly identified at the ROM, but might be Tetrarooseveltite. References: |
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Description: Very thin platy colourless micro-crystals <0.5mm References: |
| ⓘ Bismutite Formula: (BiO)2CO3 Description: Bismutite from Kennisham Iron Mine is found as inconspicuous white to light yellow and yellow green masses to 2cms,and micro balls <1mm also as platy square, and tapering prismatic crystals <0.75mm. Bismutite commonly replaces a metallic grey Bismuth mineral. The matrix is a mixture of Goethite some Quartz and a very micaceous slate. Confirmed by XRD at the NHM, London 2012. References: |
| ⓘ Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 Description: Masses to a few mm as a purple-red (horse flesh ore) tarnished alteration of Chalcopyrite References: |
| ⓘ Brochantite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 Description: Found as emerald green bladed to prismatic tiny micro-crystals, associated with Chalcocite rich matrix, with Langite and Connellite. References: |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 References: |
| ⓘ Chalcocite Formula: Cu2S Description: Massive metallic grey masses (easily confused with a BiCu sulphide at this mine) to a few mm in dump material, as an alteration of Chalcopyrite References: |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' References: |
| ⓘ Chrysocolla Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 Description: As a greenish resinous replacement of malachite References: |
| ⓘ Connellite Formula: Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O Description: Found on two Chalcocite rich specimen with Brochantite and Langite. References: |
| ⓘ Cuprite Formula: Cu2O Description: Cuprite rarely forms crystalline masses to a few cms encrusted with green Malachite, with remnant Chalcopyrite and Chalcocite, very minor amounts of connellite are found with the Cuprite. References: |
| ⓘ Goethite Formula: Fe3+O(OH) Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Langite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O Description: Found on Chalcocite rich specimens as twinned and bladed micro-crystals References: |
| ⓘ 'Limonite' References: |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 Description: Occasionally as botryoidal crusts to 1cm thick, also as radial fibrous acicular crystals to afew mm,and scattered balls to 2mm dia. |
| ⓘ 'Psilomelane' |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Description: Veinlets to 5m wide in Siderite References: |
| ⓘ Pyrolusite ? Formula: Mn4+O2 Description: As black crusts, occasionally with botryoidal from covering areas to 30cms from the dump. Specimens my infact be mixtures of undefined Mn species of which Pyrolusite my be present. |
| ⓘ Pyromorphite Formula: Pb5(PO4)3Cl Description: So far found as two isolated colourless prismatic crystals to 1mm.
The crystals are probably Pyromorphite. References: |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Siderite Formula: FeCO3 Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ 'Wad' |
| ⓘ Wittichenite Formula: Cu3BiS3 Description: Occurs as light to dark metallic grey massive mineral in goethite-hematite gossan usually extensively altered to yellow bismutite. References: |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
| ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Wittichenite | 2.GA.20 | Cu3BiS3 |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Connellite | 3.DA.25 | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.00. | Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Cuprite | 4.AA.10 | Cu2O |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrolusite ? | 4.DB.05 | Mn4+O2 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Siderite | 5.AB.05 | FeCO3 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Bismutite | 5.BE.25 | (BiO)2CO3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Brochantite | 7.BB.25 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Langite | 7.DD.10 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Pyromorphite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Atelestite | 8.BO.15 | Bi2(AsO4)O(OH) |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Psilomelane' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Wad' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Atelestite | Bi2(AsO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| H | ⓘ Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Atelestite | Bi2(AsO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| O | ⓘ Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| O | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| S | ⓘ Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| S | ⓘ Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Wittichenite | Cu3BiS3 |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| Cl | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| Cu | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Cu | ⓘ Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Wittichenite | Cu3BiS3 |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Atelestite | Bi2(AsO4)O(OH) |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | ⓘ Atelestite | Bi2(AsO4)O(OH) |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Wittichenite | Cu3BiS3 |
Fossils
There are 1 fossil locality from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.
| Occurrences | 3 |
|---|---|
| Youngest Fossil Listed | 197 Ma (Early Jurassic) |
| Oldest Fossil Listed | 201 Ma (Early Jurassic) |
| Fossils from Region | Click here to show the list. |
| Fossil Localities | Click to show 1 fossil locality |
Localities in this Region
- England
- Somerset
- England
- Somerset
- Somerset West and Taunton
- Somerset
Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect
British and Irish IslesGroup of Islands
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
- Rheno-Hercynian BeltOrogenic Belt
UK
- England
- Devon
- Exmoor National ParkNational Park
- Devon
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References
Kennisham Hill Mine, Luxborough, Somerset West and Taunton, Somerset, England, UK