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Mesaba deposit (Minnamax deposit; Babbitt deposit; Babbitt Lake deposit; Amax Underground Mine), Ely-Hoyt Lakes Area, St. Louis County, Minnesota, USAi
Regional Level Types
Mesaba deposit (Minnamax deposit; Babbitt deposit; Babbitt Lake deposit; Amax Underground Mine)Deposit
Ely-Hoyt Lakes AreaArea
St. Louis CountyCounty
MinnesotaState
USACountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
47° 42' 30'' North , 91° 56' 30'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
47.70833,-91.94167
GRN:
N32W46
Type:
Deposit
Köppen climate type:
Dfb : Warm-summer humid continental climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Babbitt1,519 (2017)0.2km
Ely3,408 (2017)22.4km
Soudan446 (2017)25.1km
Hoyt Lakes2,004 (2017)25.6km
Winton172 (2017)26.4km
Mindat Locality ID:
16397
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:16397:7
GUID (UUID V4):
0


A PGE (Pt-Pd-Ru-Rh-Os-Ir)-Cu-Ni-Co-Ti occurrence/prospect/mine in the Partridge River troctolite body, Duluth complex. Previously owned by AMAX, then Kennecott.

Deposit Model: 9: Duluth Cu-Ni-PGE

Host Rock Unit: Duluth Complex

Structure: Faulting Related To Rift Origin Of Duluth Complex

Host Rock: Gabbro

Tectonic Structure: Midcontinent Rift

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


45 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Altaite
Formula: PbTe
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘ Baddeleyite
Formula: ZrO2
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
ⓘ Cabriite
Formula: Pd2CuSn
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ Chrysotile
Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘ Cordierite
Formula: Mg2Al4Si5O18
ⓘ Cotunnite
Formula: PbCl2
ⓘ Covellite
Formula: CuS
ⓘ Cubanite
Formula: CuFe2S3
ⓘ Dienerite
Formula: Ni3As
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
ⓘ Froodite
Formula: α-PdBi2
ⓘ Godlevskite
Formula: (Ni,Fe)9S8
ⓘ Graphite
Formula: C
ⓘ Greenalite
Formula: (Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4
ⓘ Greenockite
Formula: CdS
ⓘ Heazlewoodite
Formula: Ni3S2
ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ Irarsite
Formula: (Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
ⓘ Laurionite
Formula: PbCl(OH)
ⓘ Laurite
Formula: RuS2
ⓘ Mackinawite
Formula: FeS
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘ Maucherite
Formula: Ni11As8
ⓘ Michenerite
Formula: PdBiTe
ⓘ Moncheite
Formula: Pt(Te,Bi)2
ⓘ Native Silver
Formula: Ag
ⓘ Nickeline
Formula: NiAs
ⓘ Parkerite
Formula: Ni3(Bi,Pb)2S2
ⓘ Pentlandite
Formula: (NixFey)Σ9S8
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ Prehnite
Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'
Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4
ⓘ Shadlunite
Formula: (Pb,Cd)(Fe,Cu)8S8
ⓘ Sperrylite
Formula: PtAs2
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Spinel
Formula: MgAl2O4
ⓘ Taimyrite
Formula: (Pd,Cu,Pt)3Sn
ⓘ Talnakhite
Formula: Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16
ⓘ Troilite
Formula: FeS
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘNative Silver1.AA.05Ag
ⓘTaimyrite1.AG.15(Pd,Cu,Pt)3Sn
ⓘCabriite1.AG.30Pd2CuSn
ⓘGraphite1.CB.05aC
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘDienerite2.AA.55Ni3As
ⓘMaucherite2.AB.15Ni11As8
ⓘFroodite2.AC.45aα-PdBi2
ⓘChalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
ⓘBornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
ⓘHeazlewoodite2.BB.05Ni3S2
ⓘGodlevskite2.BB.15(Ni,Fe)9S8
ⓘPentlandite2.BB.15(NixFey)Σ9S8
ⓘShadlunite2.BB.15(Pb,Cd)(Fe,Cu)8S8
ⓘParkerite2.BE.20Ni3(Bi,Pb)2S2
ⓘCovellite2.CA.05aCuS
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘTalnakhite2.CB.10bCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16
ⓘGreenockite2.CB.45CdS
ⓘCubanite2.CB.55aCuFe2S3
ⓘNickeline2.CC.05NiAs
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘTroilite2.CC.10FeS
ⓘMackinawite2.CC.25FeS
ⓘAltaite2.CD.10PbTe
ⓘMoncheite2.EA.20Pt(Te,Bi)2
ⓘLaurite2.EB.05aRuS2
ⓘSperrylite2.EB.05aPtAs2
ⓘIrarsite2.EB.25(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
ⓘMichenerite2.EB.25PdBiTe
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘCotunnite3.AB.85PbCl2
ⓘLaurionite3.DC.05PbCl(OH)
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘSpinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
ⓘMagnetite
var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite		4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘBaddeleyite4.DE.35ZrO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘChrysotile9.00.Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘCordierite9.CJ.10Mg2Al4Si5O18
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘActinolite9.DE.10◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘPrehnite9.DP.20Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
ⓘGreenalite9.ED.15(Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4
Unclassified
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Hornblende Root Name Group'-◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Serpentine Subgroup'-D3[Si2O5](OH)4
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ Greenalite(Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4
Hⓘ LaurionitePbCl(OH)
Hⓘ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Hⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Hⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ GraphiteC
OOxygen
Oⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Oⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ Greenalite(Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ LaurionitePbCl(OH)
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Oⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Oⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Oⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
FFluorine
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Mgⓘ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Mgⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Mgⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
AlAluminium
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Alⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Alⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Alⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Siⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ Greenalite(Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4
Siⓘ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Siⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Sⓘ CovelliteCuS
Sⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Sⓘ Godlevskite(Ni,Fe)9S8
Sⓘ GreenockiteCdS
Sⓘ HeazlewooditeNi3S2
Sⓘ Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Sⓘ LauriteRuS2
Sⓘ MackinawiteFeS
Sⓘ ParkeriteNi3(Bi,Pb)2S2
Sⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ Shadlunite(Pb,Cd)(Fe,Cu)8S8
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ TalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16
Sⓘ TroiliteFeS
ClChlorine
Clⓘ CotunnitePbCl2
Clⓘ LaurionitePbCl(OH)
Clⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Caⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
FeIron
Feⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Feⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ Godlevskite(Ni,Fe)9S8
Feⓘ Greenalite(Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ MackinawiteFeS
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ Shadlunite(Pb,Cd)(Fe,Cu)8S8
Feⓘ TalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16
Feⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Feⓘ TroiliteFeS
Feⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
NiNickel
Niⓘ DieneriteNi3As
Niⓘ Godlevskite(Ni,Fe)9S8
Niⓘ HeazlewooditeNi3S2
Niⓘ MaucheriteNi11As8
Niⓘ NickelineNiAs
Niⓘ ParkeriteNi3(Bi,Pb)2S2
Niⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Niⓘ TalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16
CuCopper
Cuⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuⓘ CabriitePd2CuSn
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuⓘ CovelliteCuS
Cuⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Cuⓘ Shadlunite(Pb,Cd)(Fe,Cu)8S8
Cuⓘ Taimyrite(Pd,Cu,Pt)3Sn
Cuⓘ TalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asⓘ DieneriteNi3As
Asⓘ Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Asⓘ MaucheriteNi11As8
Asⓘ NickelineNiAs
Asⓘ SperrylitePtAs2
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
RuRuthenium
Ruⓘ Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Ruⓘ LauriteRuS2
RhRhodium
Rhⓘ Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
PdPalladium
Pdⓘ CabriitePd2CuSn
Pdⓘ Frooditeα-PdBi2
Pdⓘ MicheneritePdBiTe
Pdⓘ Taimyrite(Pd,Cu,Pt)3Sn
AgSilver
Agⓘ Native SilverAg
CdCadmium
Cdⓘ GreenockiteCdS
Cdⓘ Shadlunite(Pb,Cd)(Fe,Cu)8S8
SnTin
Snⓘ CabriitePd2CuSn
Snⓘ Taimyrite(Pd,Cu,Pt)3Sn
TeTellurium
Teⓘ AltaitePbTe
Teⓘ MicheneritePdBiTe
Teⓘ MoncheitePt(Te,Bi)2
IrIridium
Irⓘ Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
PtPlatinum
Ptⓘ Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Ptⓘ MoncheitePt(Te,Bi)2
Ptⓘ SperrylitePtAs2
Ptⓘ Taimyrite(Pd,Cu,Pt)3Sn
PbLead
Pbⓘ AltaitePbTe
Pbⓘ CotunnitePbCl2
Pbⓘ LaurionitePbCl(OH)
Pbⓘ ParkeriteNi3(Bi,Pb)2S2
Pbⓘ Shadlunite(Pb,Cd)(Fe,Cu)8S8
BiBismuth
Biⓘ Frooditeα-PdBi2
Biⓘ MicheneritePdBiTe
Biⓘ MoncheitePt(Te,Bi)2
Biⓘ ParkeriteNi3(Bi,Pb)2S2

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

North AmericaContinent
North America PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Boucher, M.L. (1975) Copper-nickel mineralization in drill core: U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 8084, 55 p.
Morton, P. & S. A. Hauck (1987) PGE, Au and Ag contents of Cu-Ni sulfides found at the base of the Duluth Complex, northeastern Minnesota: Natural Resources Research Institute.
Ripley, Edward M., Butler, Brian K., Taib, Nur Iskandar, Lee, Insung (1993) Hydrothermal alteration in the Babbitt Cu-Ni deposit, Duluth Complex: Mineralogy and hydrogen isotope systematics. Economic Geology, 88 (3). 679-696 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.88.3.679
Gervilla, F., Makovicky, E., Makovicky, M., Rose-Hansen, J. (1994) The system Pd-Ni-As at 790° and 450°C. Economic Geology, 89 (7). 1630-1639 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.89.7.1630
McSwiggen, P. L. (1999) Platinum-palladium group minerals, gold, silver, and cobalt in the Minnamax copper-nickel sulfide deposit, Duluth Complex, northeastern Minnesota. Minnesota Geological Survey Report of Investigations 54
Wilson, G. C., Rucklidge, J. C., Cermignani, C. (2002) Coarse-grained cabriite from Noril'sk, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40 (2). 473-479 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.40.2.473
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