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Valmaggia, Cravagliana, Vercelli Province, Piedmont, Italyi
Regional Level Types
Valmaggia- not defined -
CravaglianaCommune
Vercelli ProvinceProvince
PiedmontRegion
ItalyCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
45° 50' 35'' North , 8° 11' 19'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
45.84326,8.18887
GRN:
N31E05
Köppen climate type:
Cfb : Temperate oceanic climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Valmaggia206 (2014)3.5km
Rossa117 (2014)5.1km
Varallo5,427 (2014)6.3km
Scopa256 (2014)8.1km
Locarno165 (2014)8.6km
Mindat Locality ID:
189486
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:189486:1
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Name(s) in local language(s):
Valmaggia, Varallo Sesia, Valle Sesia, Vercelli, Piemonte, Italia


Ultramafic pipe with an old nickel mine having a network of tunnels developed on four levels over an elevation of about 100 m.

The pipe body is intrusive and discordant, ellipsoidal in shape, and approximately 300 meters in diameter dipping 70-90° WNW. The contact between the intrusion and the host rock is very sharp and well defined due to the juxtaposition of the dark ultramafic pipe rock and the mottled intermediate host. The pipe appears to be concentrically zoned from a homogenous core to a more heterogenous zone between the ultramafic pipe rock and gabbro host rock at the rim of the pipe. The Valmaggia pipe contains semi-massive Fe-Ni-Cu-(PGE-Au-Te) sulfide mineralization mostly concentrated within 1 meter of the rim of the pipe, although it has been observed up to 5 meters from the contact. The semi-massive sulfide assemblage is dominated by pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite, with accessory cubanite and mackinawite.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


36 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Altaite
Formula: PbTe
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ Anorthite
Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite
Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ Axinite-(Fe)
Formula: Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
ⓘ Baddeleyite
Formula: ZrO2
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ 'Carbonate'
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ Chlorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3Cl
ⓘ Cubanite
Formula: CuFe2S3
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘ Enstatite
Formula: Mg2Si2O6
ⓘ Forsterite
Formula: Mg2SiO4
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Gersdorffite
Formula: NiAsS
ⓘ Godlevskite
Formula: (Ni,Fe)9S8
ⓘ Hessite
Formula: Ag2Te
ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ Isocubanite
Formula: CuFe2S3
ⓘ Mackinawite
Formula: FeS
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Melonite
Formula: NiTe2
ⓘ Merenskyite
Formula: PdTe2
ⓘ 'Monazite Group'
Formula: REE(PO4)
ⓘ 'Olivine Group'
Formula: M2SiO4
ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘ Pargasite
Formula: NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘ Pentlandite
Formula: (NixFey)Σ9S8
References:
• Bertolani, M. (1952). Studio microscopico a luce riflessa sui minerali dei giacimenti cupro-nicheliferi della Valsesia. Rendiconti della Società Mineralogica Italiana, 8, 67-86.
Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007) Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta - Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba.
Sessa, G.; Moroni, M.; Tumiati, S.; Caruso, S.; Fiorentini, M.L. (2017) Ni-Fe-Cu-PGE ore deposition driven by metasomatic fluids and melt-rock reactions in the deep crust: The ultramafic pipe of Valmaggia, Ivrea-Verbano, Italy. Ore Geology Reviews, 90. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.05.028
Clark, Shelby Leann (2024) Fe-Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfide Transport Mechanisms and Carbon-Sulfur Interactions in Lower Crustal Magmatic Settings: A Study From the Valmaggia Ultramafic Pipe, Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Italy. Missouri University of Science.
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Pilsenite
Formula: Bi4Te3
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Pyrite var. Bravoite
Formula: (Fe,Ni)S2
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
References:
• Bertolani, M. (1952). Studio microscopico a luce riflessa sui minerali dei giacimenti cupro-nicheliferi della Valsesia. Rendiconti della Società Mineralogica Italiana, 8, 67-86.
Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007) Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta - Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba.
Sessa, G.; Moroni, M.; Tumiati, S.; Caruso, S.; Fiorentini, M.L. (2017) Ni-Fe-Cu-PGE ore deposition driven by metasomatic fluids and melt-rock reactions in the deep crust: The ultramafic pipe of Valmaggia, Ivrea-Verbano, Italy. Ore Geology Reviews, 90. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.05.028
Clark, Shelby Leann (2024) Fe-Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfide Transport Mechanisms and Carbon-Sulfur Interactions in Lower Crustal Magmatic Settings: A Study From the Valmaggia Ultramafic Pipe, Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Italy. Missouri University of Science.
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Samaniite
Formula: Cu2Fe5Ni2S8
ⓘ Siderite
Formula: FeCO3
ⓘ Spinel
Formula: MgAl2O4
ⓘ Staurolite
Formula: Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘ Troilite
Formula: FeS
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)
ⓘ Zoisite
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘHessite2.BA.60Ag2Te
ⓘSamaniite2.BB.Cu2Fe5Ni2S8
ⓘGodlevskite2.BB.15(Ni,Fe)9S8
ⓘPentlandite2.BB.15(NixFey)Σ9S8
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘCubanite2.CB.55aCuFe2S3
ⓘIsocubanite2.CB.55bCuFe2S3
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘTroilite2.CC.10FeS
ⓘMackinawite2.CC.25FeS
ⓘAltaite2.CD.10PbTe
ⓘPilsenite2.DC.05Bi4Te3
ⓘMelonite2.EA.20NiTe2
ⓘMerenskyite2.EA.20PdTe2
ⓘPyrite
var. Bravoite		2.EB.05a(Fe,Ni)S2
ⓘ2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘGersdorffite2.EB.25NiAsS
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘSpinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘBaddeleyite4.DE.35ZrO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘSiderite5.AB.05FeCO3
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘChlorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3Cl
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘForsterite9.AC.05Mg2SiO4
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘStaurolite9.AF.30Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘAxinite-(Fe)9.BD.20Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
ⓘZoisite9.BG.10(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘEnstatite9.DA.05Mg2Si2O6
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘPargasite9.DE.15NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘAnorthite9.FA.35Ca(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘvar. Labradorite9.FA.35(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Unclassified
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Monazite Group'-REE(PO4)
ⓘ'Hornblende Root Name Group'-◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Olivine Group'-M2SiO4
ⓘ'Carbonate'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ Axinite-(Fe)Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
Hⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Hⓘ Zoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
BBoron
Bⓘ Axinite-(Fe)Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
CCarbon
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ SideriteFeCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Oⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ ChlorapatiteCa5(PO4)3Cl
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ EnstatiteMg2Si2O6
Oⓘ Axinite-(Fe)Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
Oⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Oⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Oⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Oⓘ StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Zoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Olivine GroupM2SiO4
FFluorine
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Naⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ EnstatiteMg2Si2O6
Mgⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Mgⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ Axinite-(Fe)Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
Alⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Alⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Alⓘ StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Alⓘ Zoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ EnstatiteMg2Si2O6
Siⓘ Axinite-(Fe)Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
Siⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Siⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Siⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Zoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Olivine GroupM2SiO4
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ ChlorapatiteCa5(PO4)3Cl
Pⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ Pyrite var. Bravoite(Fe,Ni)S2
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Sⓘ GersdorffiteNiAsS
Sⓘ Godlevskite(Ni,Fe)9S8
Sⓘ IsocubaniteCuFe2S3
Sⓘ MackinawiteFeS
Sⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ TroiliteFeS
Sⓘ SamaniiteCu2Fe5Ni2S8
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clⓘ ChlorapatiteCa5(PO4)3Cl
Clⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ ChlorapatiteCa5(PO4)3Cl
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ Axinite-(Fe)Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
Caⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Caⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ Zoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
FeIron
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ Pyrite var. Bravoite(Fe,Ni)S2
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Feⓘ Axinite-(Fe)Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
Feⓘ Godlevskite(Ni,Fe)9S8
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ IsocubaniteCuFe2S3
Feⓘ MackinawiteFeS
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Feⓘ StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Feⓘ TroiliteFeS
Feⓘ SamaniiteCu2Fe5Ni2S8
NiNickel
Niⓘ Pyrite var. Bravoite(Fe,Ni)S2
Niⓘ GersdorffiteNiAsS
Niⓘ Godlevskite(Ni,Fe)9S8
Niⓘ MeloniteNiTe2
Niⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Niⓘ SamaniiteCu2Fe5Ni2S8
CuCopper
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Cuⓘ IsocubaniteCuFe2S3
Cuⓘ SamaniiteCu2Fe5Ni2S8
AsArsenic
Asⓘ GersdorffiteNiAsS
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
PdPalladium
Pdⓘ MerenskyitePdTe2
AgSilver
Agⓘ HessiteAg2Te
TeTellurium
Teⓘ AltaitePbTe
Teⓘ HessiteAg2Te
Teⓘ MeloniteNiTe2
Teⓘ MerenskyitePdTe2
Teⓘ PilseniteBi4Te3
PbLead
Pbⓘ AltaitePbTe
BiBismuth
Biⓘ PilseniteBi4Te3

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
  • AlpsAccretionary Complex
EuropeContinent
Italy

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

• Bertolani, M. (1952). Studio microscopico a luce riflessa sui minerali dei giacimenti cupro-nicheliferi della Valsesia. Rendiconti della Società Mineralogica Italiana, 8, 67-86.
Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007) Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta - Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba.
Sessa, G.; Moroni, M.; Tumiati, S.; Caruso, S.; Fiorentini, M.L. (2017) Ni-Fe-Cu-PGE ore deposition driven by metasomatic fluids and melt-rock reactions in the deep crust: The ultramafic pipe of Valmaggia, Ivrea-Verbano, Italy. Ore Geology Reviews, 90. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.05.028
[1]Clark, Shelby Leann (2024) Fe-Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfide Transport Mechanisms and Carbon-Sulfur Interactions in Lower Crustal Magmatic Settings: A Study From the Valmaggia Ultramafic Pipe, Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Italy. Missouri University of Science.
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