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Fogo Island, Sotavento Islands, Cape Verdei
Regional Level Types
Fogo IslandIsland
Sotavento IslandsGroup of Islands
Cape VerdeCountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
05187320017272301742439.jpg
Old postcard of the island

Fogo Island, Sotavento Islands, Cape Verde
06367740017272301745100.jpg
Topographical map

Fogo Island, Sotavento Islands, Cape Verde
08648430017272301745917.jpg
Fogo island

Fogo Island, Sotavento Islands, Cape Verde
09700170017272256633180.jpg
Old postcard of the island

Fogo Island, Sotavento Islands, Cape Verde
06367740017272301745100.jpg
Topographical map

Fogo Island, Sotavento Islands, Cape Verde
08648430017272301745917.jpg
Fogo island

Fogo Island, Sotavento Islands, Cape Verde
09700170017272256633180.jpg
Old postcard of the island

Fogo Island, Sotavento Islands, Cape Verde
00457140017272301753116.jpg
Topographical map

Fogo Island, Sotavento Islands, Cape Verde
Type:
Island
Age:
62 to 0.011 Ma
Geologic Time:
Cenozoic
Dating method:
cosmogenic H3 dating
Reference for age:
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Largest Settlements:
PlacePopulation
Cova Figueira15,350 (2013)
São Filipe8,189 (2014)
Porto dos Mosteiros477 (2018)
Mindat Locality ID:
214701
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:214701:0
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other Languages:
View 32 more...
French:
Fogo, Îles de Sotavento, Cap-Vert
German:
Fogo, Ilhas de Sotavento, Kap Verde
Italian:
Fogo, Ilhas do Sotavento, Capo Verde
Portuguese:
Fogo, Ilhas de Sotavento, Cabo Verde
Russian:
Фогу, Кабо-Верде
Simplified Chinese:
福古岛, 背風群島, 佛得角
Spanish:
Fogo, Sotavento, Cabo Verde
Arabic:
فوغو, جزر سوتافينتو, الرأس الأخضر
Armenian:
Ֆոգու, Կաբո Վերդե
Belarusian:
Фогу, астравы Сатавенту, Каба-Вердэ
Breton:
Fogo, Kab Glas
Catalan:
illa de Fogo, illes de Sotavento, Cap Verd
Cebuano:
Fogo Island , Ilhas do Sotavento, Cape Verde
Czech:
Fogo, Sotavento, Kapverdy
Danish:
Fogo, Sotavento, Kap Verde
Dutch:
Fogo, Sotavento, Kaapverdië
Egyptian Arabic:
فوجو, كابو فيردا
Estonian:
Fogo, Tuulealused saared, Roheneemesaared
Farsi/Persian:
فوگو، کیپ ورد, جزایر سوتاونتو, کیپ ورد
Finnish:
Fogo, Sotavento, Kap Verde
Greek:
Φόγκο, Πράσινο Ακρωτήριο
Guarani:
Fogo, Kávo Véyde
Hebrew:
פוגו, סוטאוונטו, כף ורדה
Hindi:
फोगो, केप वर्दे
Hungarian:
Fogo, Zöld-foki Köztársaság
Indonesian:
Fogo, Kepulauan Sotavento, Tanjung Verde
Japanese:
フォゴ島, ソタヴェント諸島, カーボベルデ
Korean:
포구섬, 소타벤투 제도, 카보베르데
Lithuanian:
Fogo sala, Pavėjinės salos, Žaliasis Kyšulys
Low Saxon/Low German:
Fogo, Ilhas de Sotavento, Kap Verde
Luxembourgish:
Fogo, Cap Vert
Malayalam:
ഫോഗോ, കേപ്പ് വേർഡ്
Norwegian:
Fogo, Sotavento, Kapp Verde
Polish:
Fogo, Wyspy Podwietrzne, Republika Zielonego Przylądka
Swahili:
Mlima Fogo, Cabo Verde
Swedish:
Fogo, Sotavento, Kap Verde
Ukrainian:
Фогу, Кабо-Верде
Urdu:
فوگو، کیپ ورڈی, سوتاوینتو جزائر, کیپ ورڈی
Wolof:
Fogo, Kap Weert


Fogo (Portuguese for "fire") is an island in the Sotavento group of Cape Verde with an area of 476 km². It reaches the highest altitude of all the islands in Cape Verde, rising to 2,829 metres (9,281 feet) above sea level at the summit of its active volcano, Pico do Fogo.

Pico do Fogo is the highest peak of Cape Verde, rising to 2,829 metres (9,281 ft) above sea level. It is an active stratovolcano lying on the island of Fogo. The main cone last erupted in 1675, causing mass emigration from the island. A subsidiary vent erupted in 1995. The only deadly eruption was in 1847 when earthquakes killed several people.

Fogo is a hotspot volcanic island. Its most recent eruptions have occurred in 1951, 1995, and 2014. It is the youngest and most active volcano in the Cape Verde Islands, a short chain of volcanic islands that generally are younger at the western end, formed as the African Plate moved towards the east over the hotspot.

Fogo consists of a single volcano, so the island is nearly round and about 25 kilometers (16 mi) in diameter. The large summit caldera (about 10 kilometers in the north-south direction and 7 kilometers in the east-west direction) is not located in the center of the island, but rather towards its northeastern corner. The caldera is bounded by steep near-vertical fault scarps on the north, west, and south sides but is breached to the east where lava can flow to the coast. North-northeast-trending eruptive fissures opened along the western flank of Pico, which formed inside the caldera between about 1500 and 1760. The current topography of Fogo, with the caldera open to the sea on the east side, results from the sliding of the east flank of the volcano towards the ocean.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

39 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘ Aegirine-augite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
ⓘ Alum-(Na)
Formula: NaAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O
ⓘ Alunogen
Formula: Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
ⓘ Anhydrite
Formula: CaSO4
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
Candeias, Carla, Paula Freire Ávila, Célia Alves, Carla Gama, Cristina Sequeira, Eduardo Ferreira da Silva, and Fernando Rocha. (2021) "Dust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014–2015 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)" Minerals 11, no. 11: 1275. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11111275
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite
Formula: (Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
ⓘ 'Basaltic Hornblende'
ⓘ Bassanite
Formula: Ca(SO4) · 0.5H2O
ⓘ Bianchite
Formula: Zn(SO4) · 6H2O
ⓘ Blödite
Formula: Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
Candeias, Carla, Paula Freire Ávila, Célia Alves, Carla Gama, Cristina Sequeira, Eduardo Ferreira da Silva, and Fernando Rocha. (2021) "Dust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014–2015 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)" Minerals 11, no. 11: 1275. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11111275
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Fayalite
Formula: Fe2+2SiO4
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Halite
Formula: NaCl
ⓘ Halotrichite
Formula: FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
ⓘ Haüyne
Formula: Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Hydrokenoralstonite
Formula: Na0.5(Al,Mg)2(F,OH)6 · H2O
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ Kaersutite
Formula: NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
ⓘ 'K-alum'
ⓘ Leucite
Formula: K(AlSi2O6)
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
ⓘ 'Melilite Group'
Formula: Ca2M(XSiO7)
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
ⓘ Mendozite
Formula: NaAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O
ⓘ Millosevichite
Formula: Al2(SO4)3
ⓘ Native Sulphur
Formula: S8
ⓘ Natrojarosite
Formula: NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
ⓘ 'Olivine Group'
Formula: M2SiO4
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
ⓘ Pickeringite
Formula: MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
ⓘ Picromerite
Formula: K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ 'Sodic amphibole'
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
ⓘ Steklite
Formula: KAl(SO4)2
ⓘ Sylvite
Formula: KCl
ⓘ Tamarugite
Formula: NaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
ⓘ Thénardite
Formula: Na2SO4
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘ Vermiculite
Formula: Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
ⓘ 'Zeolite Group'
References:
Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘNative Sulphur1.CC.05S8
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘHalite3.AA.20NaCl
ⓘSylvite3.AA.20KCl
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
ⓘHydrokenoralstonite3.CF.05 Na0.5(Al,Mg)2(F,OH)6 · H2O
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘMillosevichite7.AB.05Al2(SO4)3
ⓘSteklite7.AC.20KAl(SO4)2
ⓘThénardite7.AD.25Na2SO4
ⓘAnhydrite7.AD.30CaSO4
ⓘNatrojarosite7.BC.10NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘBianchite7.CB.25Zn(SO4) · 6H2O
ⓘAlunogen7.CB.45Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
ⓘHalotrichite7.CB.85FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
ⓘPickeringite7.CB.85MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
ⓘTamarugite7.CC.10NaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
ⓘMendozite7.CC.15NaAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O
ⓘAlum-(Na)7.CC.20NaAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O
ⓘBlödite7.CC.50Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O
ⓘPicromerite7.CC.60K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘBassanite7.CD.45Ca(SO4) · 0.5H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘFayalite9.AC.05Fe2+2SiO4
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘAugite
var. Titanium-bearing Augite		9.DA.15(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘKaersutite9.DE.15NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘVermiculite9.EC.50Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘHaüyne9.FB.10Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)
ⓘ'Zeolite Group'9.G0.
ⓘLeucite9.GB.05K(AlSi2O6)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Basaltic Hornblende'-
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'K-alum'-
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Olivine Group'-M2SiO4
ⓘ'Melilite Group'-Ca2M(XSiO7)
ⓘ'Sodic amphibole'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ BassaniteCa(SO4) · 0.5H2O
Hⓘ BianchiteZn(SO4) · 6H2O
Hⓘ BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Hⓘ MendoziteNaAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O
Hⓘ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Hⓘ PicromeriteK2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Hⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Hⓘ Hydrokenoralstonite Na0.5(Al,Mg)2(F,OH)6 · H2O
Hⓘ Alum-(Na)NaAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Hⓘ TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Hⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Oⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Oⓘ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ BassaniteCa(SO4) · 0.5H2O
Oⓘ BianchiteZn(SO4) · 6H2O
Oⓘ BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Oⓘ HaüyneNa3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Oⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MendoziteNaAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O
Oⓘ MillosevichiteAl2(SO4)3
Oⓘ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Oⓘ PicromeriteK2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Oⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Hydrokenoralstonite Na0.5(Al,Mg)2(F,OH)6 · H2O
Oⓘ Alum-(Na)NaAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Oⓘ TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Oⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Oⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Olivine GroupM2SiO4
Oⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Oⓘ StekliteKAl(SO4)2
FFluorine
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Fⓘ Hydrokenoralstonite Na0.5(Al,Mg)2(F,OH)6 · H2O
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Naⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Naⓘ BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O
Naⓘ HaliteNaCl
Naⓘ HaüyneNa3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)
Naⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Naⓘ MendoziteNaAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O
Naⓘ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ Hydrokenoralstonite Na0.5(Al,Mg)2(F,OH)6 · H2O
Naⓘ Alum-(Na)NaAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Naⓘ TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Naⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Naⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Mgⓘ PicromeriteK2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Mgⓘ Hydrokenoralstonite Na0.5(Al,Mg)2(F,OH)6 · H2O
Mgⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Mgⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Mgⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Alⓘ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Alⓘ HaüyneNa3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)
Alⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Alⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Alⓘ MendoziteNaAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O
Alⓘ MillosevichiteAl2(SO4)3
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Alⓘ Hydrokenoralstonite Na0.5(Al,Mg)2(F,OH)6 · H2O
Alⓘ Alum-(Na)NaAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Alⓘ TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Alⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Alⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
Alⓘ StekliteKAl(SO4)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Siⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Siⓘ HaüyneNa3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)
Siⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Siⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Siⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
Siⓘ Olivine GroupM2SiO4
Siⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Sⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Sⓘ BassaniteCa(SO4) · 0.5H2O
Sⓘ BianchiteZn(SO4) · 6H2O
Sⓘ BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Sⓘ HaüyneNa3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)
Sⓘ MendoziteNaAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O
Sⓘ MillosevichiteAl2(SO4)3
Sⓘ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Sⓘ PicromeriteK2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ Alum-(Na)NaAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Sⓘ Native SulphurS8
Sⓘ TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Sⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Sⓘ StekliteKAl(SO4)2
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clⓘ HaliteNaCl
Clⓘ SylviteKCl
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ PicromeriteK2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Kⓘ SylviteKCl
Kⓘ StekliteKAl(SO4)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Caⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ BassaniteCa(SO4) · 0.5H2O
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ HaüyneNa3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)
Caⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Tiⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
FeIron
Feⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Feⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Feⓘ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Feⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Feⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
ZnZinc
Znⓘ BianchiteZn(SO4) · 6H2O
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z

Fossils

This region is too big or complex to display the fossil list, try looking at smaller subregions.

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fogo,_Cape_Verde
Wikidata ID:Q426555
GeoNames ID:3374613

Localities in this Region

Cape Verde

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

AfricaContinent
African PlateTectonic Plate
Atlantic Ocean

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Munhá, J., Mendes, M., Palácios, T., Silva, L. & Torres, P. 1997. Petrologia e Geoquímica da Erupção de 1995 e de outros lavas históricas na Ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde.
Assunção, C. F. T., Machado, F., & Gomes, R. D. (1965). On the occurrence of carbonatites in the Cape Verde Islands. Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, 16, 179-188.
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Day, S. J., Da Silva, S. H., & Fonseca, J. F. B. D. (1999). A past giant lateral collapse and present-day flank instability of Fogo, Cape Verde Islands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94(1-4), 191-218. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00103-1
Escrig, S., Doucelance, R., Moreira, M., & Allègre, C. J. (2005). Os isotope systematics in Fogo Island: evidence for lower continental crust fragments under the Cape Verde Southern Islands. Chemical Geology, 219(1-4), 93-113. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.02.011
Foeken, J. P., Day, S., & Stuart, F. M. (2009). Cosmogenic 3He exposure dating of the Quaternary basalts from Fogo, Cape Verdes: implications for rift zone and magmatic reorganisation. Quaternary Geochronology, 4(1), 37-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.07.002
Doucelance, R., Hammouda, T., Moreira, M., & Martins, J. C. (2010). Geochemical constraints on depth of origin of oceanic carbonatites: the Cape Verde case. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7261-7282. doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.024
Mata, J., Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Ader, M., & Silva, L. C. (2010). Noble gas and carbon isotopic signatures of Cape Verde oceanic carbonatites: implications for carbon provenance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4), 70-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.052
Hildner, E., Klügel, A., & Hauff, F. (2011). Magma storage and ascent during the 1995 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde Archipelago. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162(4), 751-772. doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0623-6
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
Candeias, Carla, Paula Freire Ávila, Célia Alves, Carla Gama, Cristina Sequeira, Eduardo Ferreira da Silva, and Fernando Rocha. (2021) "Dust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014–2015 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)" Minerals 11, no. 11: 1275. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11111275
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