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Elk Creek Carbonatite, Elk Creek, Johnson County, Nebraska, USAi
Regional Level Types
Elk Creek CarbonatiteMine
Elk CreekVillage
Johnson CountyCounty
NebraskaState
USACountry

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PhotosMapsSearchMineralogy
02944020017271984416116.jpg
Parisite, etc.

Elk Creek Carbonatite, Elk Creek, Johnson County, Nebraska, USA
06455610017272047709622.jpg
Monazite Group, etc.

Elk Creek Carbonatite, Elk Creek, Johnson County, Nebraska, USA
03164220017272047714336.jpg
Baryte, etc.

Elk Creek Carbonatite, Elk Creek, Johnson County, Nebraska, USA
02944020017271984416116.jpg
Parisite, etc.

Elk Creek Carbonatite, Elk Creek, Johnson County, Nebraska, USA
06455610017272047709622.jpg
Monazite Group, etc.

Elk Creek Carbonatite, Elk Creek, Johnson County, Nebraska, USA
07219590017272042494842.jpg
Baryte, etc.

Elk Creek Carbonatite, Elk Creek, Johnson County, Nebraska, USA
02944020017271984416116.jpg
Parisite, etc.

Elk Creek Carbonatite, Elk Creek, Johnson County, Nebraska, USA
06455610017272047709622.jpg
Monazite Group, etc.

Elk Creek Carbonatite, Elk Creek, Johnson County, Nebraska, USA
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
40° 16' 13'' North , 96° 11' 23'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
40.27028,-96.19000
GRN:
N27W54
Type:
Mine - last checked 2026
Köppen climate type:
Dfa : Hot-summer humid continental climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Tecumseh1,626 (2017)10.7km
Table Rock255 (2017)12.9km
Pawnee City827 (2017)18.3km
Johnson328 (2011)22.5km
Humboldt850 (2017)23.9km
Mindat Locality ID:
219396
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:219396:3
GUID (UUID V4):
0


Roughly circular 7 km. diameter deposit of carbonatite and associated regolith (weathering mantle), encountered at a depth of approximately 150 meters (500 ft.). Centered near Elk Creek in Johnson County (Sect. 33, T4N, R11E), also overlaps into Pawnee County. As of 2025, characterized only by core recovery from boreholes. Characterized by USGS as a potential large resource of niobium and other REE (rare earth elements).

A buried, rare earth elements (REE)- and niobium (Nb)-rich carbonatite mass, referred to as the Elk Creek carbonatite, lies in the subsurface about 1.6 km (1 mi) southwest of the small town of Elk Creek in southeastern Nebraska. On the basis of exploration drilling and the extent of magnetic and gravity anomalies, the carbonatite mass at depth appears to have its center beneath section 33, township 4 north, range 11 east. The entire oval-shaped, subsurface body, which is recognized by a geophysical anomaly caused by the carbonatite and associated intrusive rocks, is about 7 km (4.3 mi) in diameter. Analyses of drill core showed the intrusion at depth comprised mostly massive to brecciated, apatite- and pyrochlore-bearing dolomitic carbonatite (89 percent), along with fenitized basalt, lamprophyre, and syenite (totaling 11 percent). Major-element analyses suggest that the carbonate mass is a magnesian carbonatite (dolomitic), generally similar in gross chemical composition to the Iron Hill (Powderhorn) carbonatite stock in southwestern Colorado. The REE are hosted principally by the minerals bastnasite, parisite, and synchisite and by smaller amounts of monazite (Xu, 1996). Niobium was deposited in pyrochlore. The U.S. Geological Survey obtained a potassium-argon age on biotite in the carbonatite of 544±7 million years old (Xu, 1996).

Niocorp Developments Ltd. broke ground on an underground mine portal on March 5, 2026. The mine and processing plant under development are known as the Elk Creek Critical Minerals Project.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


22 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded


Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Anatase
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3A
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
References:
Carlson, M. P., Treves, S. B. (2005) The Elk Creek Carbonatite, Southeast Nebraska–An Overview. Natural Resources Research, 14 (1) 39-45 doi:10.1007/s11053-005-4677-x
Kettler, Richard M., Blessington, Michael Joseph, Verplanck, Philip L., And Farmer, G. Lang (2014) The Elk Creek Carbonatite Complex. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 46, No. 4, p.21
VERPLANCK, Philip L, FARMER, G. Lang, KETTLER, Richard M., Lowers, Heather A., Koenig, Alan E., Blessington, Michael J. (2014) Rare Earth Element Enrichments in the Elk Creek Carbonatite. Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, 88. 466-467 doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12373_25
Verplanck, Philip L.; Lang Farmer, G.; Kettler, Richard M.; Lowers, Heather A.; Johnson, Craig A.; Koenig, Alan E.; Blessington, Michael J. (2022) Petrogenesis and rare earth element mineralization of the Elk Creek carbonatite, Nebraska, USA. Ore Geology Reviews, 146. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.104953
ⓘ 'Bastnäsite'
Formula: (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ Clinochlore
Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
References:
Carlson, M. P., Treves, S. B. (2005) The Elk Creek Carbonatite, Southeast Nebraska–An Overview. Natural Resources Research, 14 (1) 39-45 doi:10.1007/s11053-005-4677-x
Kettler, Richard M., Blessington, Michael Joseph, Verplanck, Philip L., And Farmer, G. Lang (2014) The Elk Creek Carbonatite Complex. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 46, No. 4, p.21
VERPLANCK, Philip L, FARMER, G. Lang, KETTLER, Richard M., Lowers, Heather A., Koenig, Alan E., Blessington, Michael J. (2014) Rare Earth Element Enrichments in the Elk Creek Carbonatite. Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, 88. 466-467 doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12373_25
Verplanck, Philip L.; Lang Farmer, G.; Kettler, Richard M.; Lowers, Heather A.; Johnson, Craig A.; Koenig, Alan E.; Blessington, Michael J. (2022) Petrogenesis and rare earth element mineralization of the Elk Creek carbonatite, Nebraska, USA. Ore Geology Reviews, 146. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.104953
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
ⓘ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
References:
Carlson, M. P., Treves, S. B. (2005) The Elk Creek Carbonatite, Southeast Nebraska–An Overview. Natural Resources Research, 14 (1) 39-45 doi:10.1007/s11053-005-4677-x
Kettler, Richard M., Blessington, Michael Joseph, Verplanck, Philip L., And Farmer, G. Lang (2014) The Elk Creek Carbonatite Complex. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 46, No. 4, p.21
VERPLANCK, Philip L, FARMER, G. Lang, KETTLER, Richard M., Lowers, Heather A., Koenig, Alan E., Blessington, Michael J. (2014) Rare Earth Element Enrichments in the Elk Creek Carbonatite. Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, 88. 466-467 doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12373_25
Verplanck, Philip L.; Lang Farmer, G.; Kettler, Richard M.; Lowers, Heather A.; Johnson, Craig A.; Koenig, Alan E.; Blessington, Michael J. (2022) Petrogenesis and rare earth element mineralization of the Elk Creek carbonatite, Nebraska, USA. Ore Geology Reviews, 146. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.104953
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
References:
Joekel, R.M.
Nickeln, B.L. & Wally, K.D., 2007, “Late Paleozoic Weathering and Residual Acccumulation of Minerals on Elk Creek Carbonatites, Southeastern Nebraska, USA”, Paper No. 55-26, 2007 GSA Denver Annual Meeting (28–31 October 2007).
VERPLANCK, Philip L, FARMER, G. Lang, KETTLER, Richard M., Lowers, Heather A., Koenig, Alan E., Blessington, Michael J. (2014) Rare Earth Element Enrichments in the Elk Creek Carbonatite. Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, 88. 466-467 doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12373_25
Verplanck, Philip L.; Lang Farmer, G.; Kettler, Richard M.; Lowers, Heather A.; Johnson, Craig A.; Koenig, Alan E.; Blessington, Michael J. (2022) Petrogenesis and rare earth element mineralization of the Elk Creek carbonatite, Nebraska, USA. Ore Geology Reviews, 146. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.104953
ⓘ 'Limonite'
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ 'Monazite Group'
Formula: REE(PO4)
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite
Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘ Orthoclase
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ 'Parisite'
Formula: Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
References:
Carlson, M. P., Treves, S. B. (2005) The Elk Creek Carbonatite, Southeast Nebraska–An Overview. Natural Resources Research, 14 (1) 39-45 doi:10.1007/s11053-005-4677-x
VERPLANCK, Philip L, FARMER, G. Lang, KETTLER, Richard M., Lowers, Heather A., Koenig, Alan E., Blessington, Michael J. (2014) Rare Earth Element Enrichments in the Elk Creek Carbonatite. Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, 88. 466-467 doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12373_25
lessington, Michael J., (2014), A Niobium Deposit Hosted by a Magnetite-Dolomite Carbonatite, Elk Creek Carbonatite Complex, Nebraska, USA, University of Nebraska M.S. Thesis.
Verplanck, Philip L.; Lang Farmer, G.; Kettler, Richard M.; Lowers, Heather A.; Johnson, Craig A.; Koenig, Alan E.; Blessington, Michael J. (2022) Petrogenesis and rare earth element mineralization of the Elk Creek carbonatite, Nebraska, USA. Ore Geology Reviews, 146. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.104953
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'
Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ 'Synchysite'
Formula: Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
ⓘ 'Synchysite Group'
ⓘ 'Xenotime'

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘAnatase4.DD.05TiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘFluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘMuscovite
var. Illite		9.EC.15K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
ⓘ9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘClinochlore9.EC.55Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘOrthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Bastnäsite'-(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Limonite'-
ⓘ'Monazite Group'-REE(PO4)
ⓘ'Xenotime'-
ⓘ'Parisite'-Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
ⓘ'Synchysite'-Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'Serpentine Subgroup'-D3[Si2O5](OH)4
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3A
ⓘ'Synchysite Group'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Hⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Hⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
CCarbon
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
OOxygen
Oⓘ AnataseTiO2
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Oⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
FFluorine
Fⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Fⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
NaSodium
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Alⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Siⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Pⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
SSulfur
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ AnataseTiO2
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
FeIron
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
CuCopper
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
YYttrium
Yⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
LaLanthanum
Laⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Ceⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
NdNeodymium
Ndⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Ndⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

North AmericaContinent
North America PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Xu, A-S. (1996) Mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry and origin of the Elk Creek Carbonatite, Nebraska: Lincoln, Nebr. University of Nebraska, Ph.D. dissertation, 299 p.
Carlson, M. P., Treves, S. B. (2005) The Elk Creek Carbonatite, Southeast Nebraska–An Overview. Natural Resources Research, 14 (1) 39-45 doi:10.1007/s11053-005-4677-x
Joekel, R.M.; Nickeln, B.L. & Wally, K.D. (2007) “Late Paleozoic Weathering and Residual Acccumulation of Minerals on Elk Creek Carbonatites, Southeastern Nebraska, USA”, Paper No. 55-26, 2007 GSA Denver Annual Meeting (28–31 October 2007).
Long, K., Van Gosen, B., Foley, N. and Cordier, D. (2010) The Principal Rare Earth Elements Deposits of the United States—A Summary of Domestic Deposits and a Global Perspective, USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5520, 63-64.
(2010)
Kettler, Richard M., Blessington, Michael Joseph, Verplanck, Philip L., And Farmer, G. Lang (2014) The Elk Creek Carbonatite Complex. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 46, No. 4, p.21
VERPLANCK, Philip L, FARMER, G. Lang, KETTLER, Richard M., Lowers, Heather A., Koenig, Alan E., Blessington, Michael J. (2014) Rare Earth Element Enrichments in the Elk Creek Carbonatite. Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, 88. 466-467 doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12373_25
Blessington, Michael J. (2014) A Niobium Deposit Hosted by a Magnetite-Dolomite Carbonatite, Elk Creek Carbonatite Complex, Nebraska, USA, University of Nebraska M.S. Thesis.
digitalcommons.unl.edu (n.d.) http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geoscidiss/62
Campbell, Emily (2017) Sulfur Isotope Variations in the Elk Creek Carbonatite Complex, Southeastern Nebraska, USA, University of Nebraska M.S. Thesis.
digitalcommons.unl.edu (n.d.) https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geoscidiss/99
Verplanck, Philip L.; Lang Farmer, G.; Kettler, Richard M.; Lowers, Heather A.; Johnson, Craig A.; Koenig, Alan E.; Blessington, Michael J. (2022) Petrogenesis and rare earth element mineralization of the Elk Creek carbonatite, Nebraska, USA. Ore Geology Reviews, 146. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.104953
(2022)
www.niocorp.com (n.d.) https://www.niocorp.com/wp-content/uploads/NioCorp_June-2022_NI_43-101_Technical_Report.pdf
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To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
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