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Touissit-Bou Beker mining district, Jerada Province, Oriental Region, Moroccoi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Touissit-Bou Beker mining district | Mining District |
| Jerada Province | Province |
| Oriental Region | Region |
| Morocco | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
34° 29' 20'' North , 1° 45' 57'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
The Touissit-Bou Beker mining district comprises a 16 km long by 100 to 1,200 m wide, ENE-WSW-trending, semi-continuous string of carbonate-hosted ("Mississippi Valley Type") lead-zinc deposits, located in far eastern Morocco, a few km west of the border with and extending 3 km into Algeria (El Abed deposit), 30 km south of Oujda, and ~70 km south of the Mediterranean coastline.
From west to east, the four main constituent deposits are Mekta, Beddiane, Touissit, and Bou Beker (in some sources, the Beddiane deposit is divided into the Beddiane, Hassi M’Sidira, and Hassi Ennyag (or Hassi Niag, Hassi Niah) orebodies). The district is organized into these main deposits, plus some localities that were kept for historical reasons (e.g., “Puits IX”, or #9 pit).
This district features lead-zinc deposits replacing dolomite. The Pb–Zn mineralization took place in dolomite strata by ascending hot, saline fluids, probably during the Late Jurassic. Fluid inclusion data indicate that the mineralization occurred at ambient conditions of 100–135 °C and pressures of 150–200 bar. The Touissit-Bou Beker district deposits are epigenetic and strata-bound. Mineralized breccias form the dominant ore structure in the Touissit-Bou Beker district deposits, comprising saddle dolomite-cemented crackle, mosaic, and rubble breccias and rock-matrix ("trash") breccias, with the ore forming the matrix between angular clasts of host dolostone. Gangue includes ferroan and non-ferroan dolomite and minor calcite, with subordinate quartz, while secondary gypsum resulting from oxidation of sulfides may be locally abundant.
The primary sulfide mineralization is essentially composed of galena and sphalerite with pyrite and/or marcasite and lesser chalcopyrite, bornite, and tetrahedrite, with minor amounts of Pb-Sb sulfosalts, such as bournonite and stephanite, and Ag-bearing species, such as “argentite” and native silver. Galena is the principal economic mineral in the Mekta and Beddiane deposits in the west, whereas sphalerite becomes more abundant in the Touissit and Bou Beker deposits in the center and dominates to the east of the district at El Abed in Algeria.
Mines operated by the CMT (Compagnie Minière de Touissit) shut down in 2002. Now artisanal production continues, totaling less than 100 t/year. Total production from the Touissit-Bou Beker-El Abed group of deposits between 1926 and 2002 was ~70 Mt @ 4% Pb, 3.5% Zn, <1% Cu, and 120 g/t Ag.
(compiled from several sources, including http://www.portergeo.com.au/database/mineinfo.asp?mineid=mn445).
Bouabdellah et al. (2021) have a paragenetic chart for the district, which includes two generations of anglesite and two generations of cerussite. There is no mention of lead oxides, but early-stage goethite is plentiful, so any massicot or minium would be suspect. The early generation of anglesite and cerussite occurs directly on altering galena, while the second generation of anglesite and cerussite has migrated away from the sulfides. Sphalerite alters before galena in this district, so altering galena occurs with botryoidal smithsonite.
From west to east, the four main constituent deposits are Mekta, Beddiane, Touissit, and Bou Beker (in some sources, the Beddiane deposit is divided into the Beddiane, Hassi M’Sidira, and Hassi Ennyag (or Hassi Niag, Hassi Niah) orebodies). The district is organized into these main deposits, plus some localities that were kept for historical reasons (e.g., “Puits IX”, or #9 pit).
This district features lead-zinc deposits replacing dolomite. The Pb–Zn mineralization took place in dolomite strata by ascending hot, saline fluids, probably during the Late Jurassic. Fluid inclusion data indicate that the mineralization occurred at ambient conditions of 100–135 °C and pressures of 150–200 bar. The Touissit-Bou Beker district deposits are epigenetic and strata-bound. Mineralized breccias form the dominant ore structure in the Touissit-Bou Beker district deposits, comprising saddle dolomite-cemented crackle, mosaic, and rubble breccias and rock-matrix ("trash") breccias, with the ore forming the matrix between angular clasts of host dolostone. Gangue includes ferroan and non-ferroan dolomite and minor calcite, with subordinate quartz, while secondary gypsum resulting from oxidation of sulfides may be locally abundant.
The primary sulfide mineralization is essentially composed of galena and sphalerite with pyrite and/or marcasite and lesser chalcopyrite, bornite, and tetrahedrite, with minor amounts of Pb-Sb sulfosalts, such as bournonite and stephanite, and Ag-bearing species, such as “argentite” and native silver. Galena is the principal economic mineral in the Mekta and Beddiane deposits in the west, whereas sphalerite becomes more abundant in the Touissit and Bou Beker deposits in the center and dominates to the east of the district at El Abed in Algeria.
Mines operated by the CMT (Compagnie Minière de Touissit) shut down in 2002. Now artisanal production continues, totaling less than 100 t/year. Total production from the Touissit-Bou Beker-El Abed group of deposits between 1926 and 2002 was ~70 Mt @ 4% Pb, 3.5% Zn, <1% Cu, and 120 g/t Ag.
(compiled from several sources, including http://www.portergeo.com.au/database/mineinfo.asp?mineid=mn445).
Bouabdellah et al. (2021) have a paragenetic chart for the district, which includes two generations of anglesite and two generations of cerussite. There is no mention of lead oxides, but early-stage goethite is plentiful, so any massicot or minium would be suspect. The early generation of anglesite and cerussite occurs directly on altering galena, while the second generation of anglesite and cerussite has migrated away from the sulfides. Sphalerite alters before galena in this district, so altering galena occurs with botryoidal smithsonite.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsMineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities40 valid minerals.
Detailed Mineral List:
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Native Sulphur | 1.CC.05 | S8 |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' | 2.GB.05 | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Paralaurionite | 3.DC.05 | PbCl(OH) |
| ⓘ | Nadorite | 3.DC.30 | PbSbClO2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Cuprite | 4.AA.10 | Cu2O |
| ⓘ | Massicot ? | 4.AC.25 | PbO |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Bindheimite | 4.DH.20 | Pb2Sb2O6O |
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.FD.10 | Fe3+O(OH) |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Siderite | 5.AB.05 | FeCO3 |
| ⓘ | Smithsonite | 5.AB.05 | ZnCO3 |
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Cerussite | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
| ⓘ | Aragonite var. Lead-bearing Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | (Ca,Pb)CO3 |
| ⓘ | Azurite | 5.BA.05 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Rosasite | 5.BA.10 | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Phosgenite | 5.BE.20 | Pb2CO3Cl2 |
| ⓘ | Dundasite | 5.DB.10 | PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 · H2O |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Anglesite | 7.AD.35 | PbSO4 |
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Brochantite | 7.BB.25 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Beaverite-(Cu) | 7.BC.10 | Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | var. Selenite | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Devilline ? | 7.DD.30 | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Wulfenite | 7.GA.05 | Pb(MoO4) |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Adamite | 8.BB.30 | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Olivenite | 8.BB.30 | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Duftite | 8.BH.35 | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Descloizite | 8.BH.40 | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Mottramite | 8.BH.40 | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Vanadinite var. Arsenic-bearing Vanadinite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5[(V,As)O4]3Cl |
| ⓘ | Mimetite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Pyromorphite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Vanadinite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Hemimorphite | 9.BD.10 | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Descloizite-Mottramite Series' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Dundasite | PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Paralaurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Gypsum var. Selenite | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Descloizite-Mottramite Series | |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Dundasite | PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 · H2O |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Phosgenite | Pb2CO3Cl2 |
| C | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Aragonite var. Lead-bearing Aragonite | (Ca,Pb)CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Bindheimite | Pb2Sb2O6O |
| O | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| O | ⓘ Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Dundasite | PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Vanadinite var. Arsenic-bearing Vanadinite | Pb5[(V,As)O4]3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Massicot | PbO |
| O | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Nadorite | PbSbClO2 |
| O | ⓘ Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Paralaurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Phosgenite | Pb2CO3Cl2 |
| O | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Aragonite var. Lead-bearing Aragonite | (Ca,Pb)CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum var. Selenite | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Descloizite-Mottramite Series | |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Dundasite | PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 · H2O |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| S | ⓘ Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | ⓘ Native Sulphur | S8 |
| S | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum var. Selenite | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Vanadinite var. Arsenic-bearing Vanadinite | Pb5[(V,As)O4]3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Nadorite | PbSbClO2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Paralaurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| Cl | ⓘ Phosgenite | Pb2CO3Cl2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Aragonite var. Lead-bearing Aragonite | (Ca,Pb)CO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum var. Selenite | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | ⓘ Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| V | ⓘ Vanadinite var. Arsenic-bearing Vanadinite | Pb5[(V,As)O4]3Cl |
| V | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| V | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| V | ⓘ Descloizite-Mottramite Series | |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| Cu | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Cu | ⓘ Descloizite-Mottramite Series | |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| Zn | ⓘ Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| Zn | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| Zn | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Zn | ⓘ Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Zn | ⓘ Descloizite-Mottramite Series | |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| As | ⓘ Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| As | ⓘ Vanadinite var. Arsenic-bearing Vanadinite | Pb5[(V,As)O4]3Cl |
| As | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| As | ⓘ Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | ⓘ Bindheimite | Pb2Sb2O6O |
| Sb | ⓘ Nadorite | PbSbClO2 |
| Sb | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| Pb | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Pb | ⓘ Bindheimite | Pb2Sb2O6O |
| Pb | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| Pb | ⓘ Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| Pb | ⓘ Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| Pb | ⓘ Dundasite | PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 · H2O |
| Pb | ⓘ Vanadinite var. Arsenic-bearing Vanadinite | Pb5[(V,As)O4]3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Pb | ⓘ Massicot | PbO |
| Pb | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| Pb | ⓘ Nadorite | PbSbClO2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Paralaurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| Pb | ⓘ Phosgenite | Pb2CO3Cl2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Aragonite var. Lead-bearing Aragonite | (Ca,Pb)CO3 |
| Pb | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Pb | ⓘ Descloizite-Mottramite Series | |
Localities in this Region
- Oriental Region
- Jerada Province
- Touissit-Bou Beker mining district
- Jerada Province
- Oriental Region
- Jerada Province
- Touissit-Bou Beker mining district
- Jerada Province
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
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References
www.unige.ch (n.d.) http://www.unige.ch/sciences/terre/mineral/publications/onlinepub/bouabdellah_sga99_touissit.pdf
Claveau, Jacques, Paulhac, Jean, Pellerin, Jean (1952) The lead and zinc deposits of the Bou Beker-Touissit area, eastern French Morocco. Economic Geology, 47 (5) 481-493 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.47.5.481
Rajlich, Petr (1983) Geology of Oued Mekta, a Mississippi Valley-type deposit, Touissit-Bou Beker region, eastern Morocco. Economic Geology, 78 (6). 1239-1254 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.78.6.1239
Dupuy, Jean-Jacques, Touray, Jean-Claude (1986) Multistage ore deposition at the Oued Mekta strata-bound lead deposit, Touissit-Bou Beker District, eastern Morocco. Economic Geology, 81 (6) 1558-1561 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.81.6.1558
Makhoukhi, S, Schmitt, J.M, Bouabdelli, M, Bastoul, A, Marignac, Ch (2000) Modelling of an MVT deposit: Touissit-Bou Beker district (eastern Morocco) Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 69. 109-113 doi:10.1016/s0375-6742(00)00130-8
Bouabdellah, M., Sangster, D. F., Leach, D. L., Brown, A. C., Johnson, C. A., Emsbo, P. (2012) Genesis of the Touissit-Bou Beker Mississippi Valley-Type District (Morocco-Algeria) and Its Relationship to the Africa-Europe Collision. Economic Geology, 107 (1) 117-146 doi:10.2113/econgeo.107.1.117
Bouabdellah, Mohammed, Boukirou, Wissale, Potra, Adriana, Melchiorre, Erik, Bouzahzah, Hassan, Yans, Johan, Zaid, Khadra, Idbaroud, Mohammed, Poot, Julien, Dekoninck, Augustin, Levresse, Gilles (2021) Origin of the Moroccan Touissit-Bou Beker and Jbel Bou Dahar Supergene Non-Sulfide Biomineralization and Its Relevance to Microbiological Activity, Late Miocene Uplift and Climate Changes. Minerals, 11 (4) 401 doi:10.3390/min11040401
Touissit-Bou Beker mining district, Jerada Province, Oriental Region, Morocco