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São Nicolau Island, Barlavento Islands, Cape Verdei
Regional Level Types
São Nicolau IslandIsland
Barlavento IslandsGroup of Islands
Cape VerdeCountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
09404490017272322993203.jpg
São Nicolau Island

São Nicolau Island, Barlavento Islands, Cape Verde
09404490017272322993203.jpg
São Nicolau Island

São Nicolau Island, Barlavento Islands, Cape Verde
09404490017272322993203.jpg
São Nicolau Island

São Nicolau Island, Barlavento Islands, Cape Verde
Type:
Island
Largest Settlements:
PlacePopulation
Vila da Ribeira Brava5,324 (2012)
Tarrafal de São Nicolau5,039 (2017)
Mindat Locality ID:
248672
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:248672:0
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other Languages:
View 25 more...
French:
São Nicolau, Îles de Barlavento, Cap-Vert
German:
São Nicolau, Ilhas de Barlavento, Kap Verde
Italian:
São Nicolau, Ilhas do Barlavento, Capo Verde
Portuguese:
São Nicolau, Ilhas de Barlavento, Cabo Verde
Russian:
Сан-Николау, Остров Барловенто, Кабо-Верде
Simplified Chinese:
聖尼古勞島, 向风群岛, 佛得角
Spanish:
São Nicolau, Barlovento, Cabo Verde
Asturian:
illa de São Nicolau, islles de Barlavento, Cabu Verde
Belarusian:
Сан-Нікалау, астравы Барлавенту, Каба-Вердэ
Breton:
São Nicolau, Inizi Barlavento, Kab Glas
Catalan:
illa de São Nicolau, illes de Barlavento, Cap Verd
Cebuano:
Ilha de São Nicolau, Ilhas do Barlavento, Cape Verde
Czech:
São Nicolau, Barlavento, Kapverdy
Danish:
São Nicolau, Barlavento, Kap Verde
Dutch:
São Nicolau, Barlavento, Kaapverdië
Estonian:
São Nicolau, Tuulepealsed saared, Roheneemesaared
Farsi/Persian:
سائو نیکولاو، کیپ ورد, جزایر بارلاونتو, کیپ ورد
Finnish:
São Nicolau, Barlavento, Kap Verde
Greek:
Σάο Νικολάου , Πράσινο Ακρωτήριο
Hebrew:
סאו ניקולאו, בארלאוונטו, כף ורדה
Hungarian:
São Nicolau-sziget, Zöld-foki Köztársaság
Indonesian:
São Nicolau, Kepulauan Barlavento, Tanjung Verde
Japanese:
サン・ニコラウ島, バルラヴェント諸島, カーボベルデ
Korean:
상니콜라우섬, 바를라벤투 제도, 카보베르데
Lithuanian:
San Nikolau sala, Priešvėjinės salos, Žaliasis Kyšulys
Low Saxon/Low German:
São Nicolau, Ilhas de Barlavento, Kap Verde
Norwegian:
São Nicolau, Barlavento, Kapp Verde
Polish:
São Nicolau, Wyspy Zawietrzne, Republika Zielonego Przylądka
Swedish:
São Nicolau, Barlavento, Kap Verde
Traditional Chinese:
聖尼古勞島, 向風群島, 維德角
Urdu:
سآو نیکولاو، کیپ ورڈی, بارلاوینتو جزائر, کیپ ورڈی
Wolof:
São Nicolau, Kap Weert


São Nicolau is one of the Barlavento islands of Cape Verde. It is located between the islands of Santa Luzia and Sal. It covers 343 km² and comprises substantial western part with a long peninsula extending to the east.

Ar/Ar dating by Duprat et al. (2007) indicate 4 stages of volcanism: >6.2 - 5.7 Ma; 4.7 - 2.6 Ma; 1.7 - 1 Ma and <100 ka.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

4 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded


Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
References:
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Doucelance, R., Escrig, S., Moreira, M., Gariépy, C., & Kurz, M. D. (2003). Pb-Sr-He isotope and trace element geochemistry of the Cape Verde Archipelago. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(19), 3717-3733. doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00161-3
Duprat, H. I., Friis, J., Holm, P. M., Grandvuinet, T., & Sørensen, R. V. (2007). The volcanic and geochemical development of São Nicolau, Cape Verde Islands: constraints from field and 40Ar/39Ar evidence. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 162(1-2), 1-19. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.01.001
Millet, M. A., Doucelance, R., Schiano, P., David, K., & Bosq, C. (2008). Mantle plume heterogeneity versus shallow-level interactions: a case study, the São Nicolau Island, Cape Verde archipelago. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 176(2), 265-276. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.003
ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase
Formula: (Na,K)AlSi3O8
References:
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Doucelance, R., Escrig, S., Moreira, M., Gariépy, C., & Kurz, M. D. (2003). Pb-Sr-He isotope and trace element geochemistry of the Cape Verde Archipelago. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(19), 3717-3733. doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00161-3
Duprat, H. I., Friis, J., Holm, P. M., Grandvuinet, T., & Sørensen, R. V. (2007). The volcanic and geochemical development of São Nicolau, Cape Verde Islands: constraints from field and 40Ar/39Ar evidence. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 162(1-2), 1-19. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.01.001
Millet, M. A., Doucelance, R., Schiano, P., David, K., & Bosq, C. (2008). Mantle plume heterogeneity versus shallow-level interactions: a case study, the São Nicolau Island, Cape Verde archipelago. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 176(2), 265-276. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.003
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3A
References:
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Doucelance, R., Escrig, S., Moreira, M., Gariépy, C., & Kurz, M. D. (2003). Pb-Sr-He isotope and trace element geochemistry of the Cape Verde Archipelago. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(19), 3717-3733. doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00161-3
Duprat, H. I., Friis, J., Holm, P. M., Grandvuinet, T., & Sørensen, R. V. (2007). The volcanic and geochemical development of São Nicolau, Cape Verde Islands: constraints from field and 40Ar/39Ar evidence. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 162(1-2), 1-19. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.01.001
Millet, M. A., Doucelance, R., Schiano, P., David, K., & Bosq, C. (2008). Mantle plume heterogeneity versus shallow-level interactions: a case study, the São Nicolau Island, Cape Verde archipelago. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 176(2), 265-276. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.003
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
References:
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Doucelance, R., Escrig, S., Moreira, M., Gariépy, C., & Kurz, M. D. (2003). Pb-Sr-He isotope and trace element geochemistry of the Cape Verde Archipelago. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(19), 3717-3733. doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00161-3
Duprat, H. I., Friis, J., Holm, P. M., Grandvuinet, T., & Sørensen, R. V. (2007). The volcanic and geochemical development of São Nicolau, Cape Verde Islands: constraints from field and 40Ar/39Ar evidence. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 162(1-2), 1-19. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.01.001
Millet, M. A., Doucelance, R., Schiano, P., David, K., & Bosq, C. (2008). Mantle plume heterogeneity versus shallow-level interactions: a case study, the São Nicolau Island, Cape Verde archipelago. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 176(2), 265-276. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.003
ⓘ Diopside var. Salite
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
References:
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Doucelance, R., Escrig, S., Moreira, M., Gariépy, C., & Kurz, M. D. (2003). Pb-Sr-He isotope and trace element geochemistry of the Cape Verde Archipelago. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(19), 3717-3733. doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00161-3
Duprat, H. I., Friis, J., Holm, P. M., Grandvuinet, T., & Sørensen, R. V. (2007). The volcanic and geochemical development of São Nicolau, Cape Verde Islands: constraints from field and 40Ar/39Ar evidence. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 162(1-2), 1-19. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.01.001
Millet, M. A., Doucelance, R., Schiano, P., David, K., & Bosq, C. (2008). Mantle plume heterogeneity versus shallow-level interactions: a case study, the São Nicolau Island, Cape Verde archipelago. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 176(2), 265-276. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.003
ⓘ Kaersutite
Formula: NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
References:
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Doucelance, R., Escrig, S., Moreira, M., Gariépy, C., & Kurz, M. D. (2003). Pb-Sr-He isotope and trace element geochemistry of the Cape Verde Archipelago. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(19), 3717-3733. doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00161-3
Duprat, H. I., Friis, J., Holm, P. M., Grandvuinet, T., & Sørensen, R. V. (2007). The volcanic and geochemical development of São Nicolau, Cape Verde Islands: constraints from field and 40Ar/39Ar evidence. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 162(1-2), 1-19. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.01.001
Millet, M. A., Doucelance, R., Schiano, P., David, K., & Bosq, C. (2008). Mantle plume heterogeneity versus shallow-level interactions: a case study, the São Nicolau Island, Cape Verde archipelago. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 176(2), 265-276. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.003
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
References:
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Doucelance, R., Escrig, S., Moreira, M., Gariépy, C., & Kurz, M. D. (2003). Pb-Sr-He isotope and trace element geochemistry of the Cape Verde Archipelago. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(19), 3717-3733. doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00161-3
Duprat, H. I., Friis, J., Holm, P. M., Grandvuinet, T., & Sørensen, R. V. (2007). The volcanic and geochemical development of São Nicolau, Cape Verde Islands: constraints from field and 40Ar/39Ar evidence. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 162(1-2), 1-19. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.01.001
Millet, M. A., Doucelance, R., Schiano, P., David, K., & Bosq, C. (2008). Mantle plume heterogeneity versus shallow-level interactions: a case study, the São Nicolau Island, Cape Verde archipelago. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 176(2), 265-276. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.003
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
References:
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Doucelance, R., Escrig, S., Moreira, M., Gariépy, C., & Kurz, M. D. (2003). Pb-Sr-He isotope and trace element geochemistry of the Cape Verde Archipelago. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(19), 3717-3733. doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00161-3
Duprat, H. I., Friis, J., Holm, P. M., Grandvuinet, T., & Sørensen, R. V. (2007). The volcanic and geochemical development of São Nicolau, Cape Verde Islands: constraints from field and 40Ar/39Ar evidence. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 162(1-2), 1-19. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.01.001
Millet, M. A., Doucelance, R., Schiano, P., David, K., & Bosq, C. (2008). Mantle plume heterogeneity versus shallow-level interactions: a case study, the São Nicolau Island, Cape Verde archipelago. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 176(2), 265-276. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.003
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
References:
Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Doucelance, R., Escrig, S., Moreira, M., Gariépy, C., & Kurz, M. D. (2003). Pb-Sr-He isotope and trace element geochemistry of the Cape Verde Archipelago. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(19), 3717-3733. doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00161-3
Duprat, H. I., Friis, J., Holm, P. M., Grandvuinet, T., & Sørensen, R. V. (2007). The volcanic and geochemical development of São Nicolau, Cape Verde Islands: constraints from field and 40Ar/39Ar evidence. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 162(1-2), 1-19. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.01.001
Millet, M. A., Doucelance, R., Schiano, P., David, K., & Bosq, C. (2008). Mantle plume heterogeneity versus shallow-level interactions: a case study, the São Nicolau Island, Cape Verde archipelago. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 176(2), 265-276. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.003

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘvar. Salite9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘKaersutite9.DE.15NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘvar. Anorthoclase9.FA.35(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Unclassified
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3A

List of minerals for each chemical element

OOxygen
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oⓘ Diopside var. SaliteCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Naⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Mgⓘ Diopside var. SaliteCaMgSi2O6
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Alⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siⓘ Diopside var. SaliteCaMgSi2O6
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
KPotassium
Kⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
CaCalcium
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ Diopside var. SaliteCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2

Fossils

There are 23 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences23
Youngest Fossil Listed5.33 Ma (Miocene)
Oldest Fossil Listed11.6 Ma (Miocene)
Fossils from RegionClick here to show the list.
Accepted NameHierarchy Age
Acervulina
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Acervulinidae : Acervulina11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Amphistegina
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Amphisteginidae : Amphistegina11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Cassidulinoides
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Cassidulinidae : Cassidulinoides11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Dentoglobigerina
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globigerinidae : Dentoglobigerina11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Eponides
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Eponididae : Eponides11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Fursenkoina
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Bolivinitidae : Fursenkoina11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Globigerinoides
genus		Foraminifera : Globigerinidae : Globigerinoides11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Globoquadrina
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Catapsydracidae : Globoquadrina11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Globorotalia
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globorotaliidae : Globorotalia11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Sphaeroidinellopsis
genus		Foraminifera : Globigerinidae : Sphaeroidinellopsis11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Gastropoda
class		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Bivalvia
class		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Balanus
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Maxillopoda : Sessilia : Balanidae : Balanus11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Echinodermata
phylum		Animalia : Echinodermata11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Globigerinoides trilobus
species		Foraminifera : Globigerinidae : Globigerinoides : Globigerinoides trilobus11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Globorotalia menardii
species		Foraminifera : Globorotaliidae : Globorotalia : Globorotalia menardii11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Orbulina universa
species		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globigerinidae : Orbulina universa11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Globigerina bulloides
species		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globigerinidae : Globigerina : Globigerina bulloides11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Globigerinoides obliquus
species		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globigerinidae : Globigerinoides : Globigerinoides obliquus11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Globigerinoides extremus
species		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globigerinidae : Globigerinoides : Globigerinoides extremus11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Globigerinoides conglobatus
species		Foraminifera : Globigerinidae : Globigerinoides : Globigerinoides conglobatus11.608 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Fossil LocalitiesClick to show 1 fossil locality

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Nicolau,_Cape_Verde
Wikidata ID:Q492509
GeoNames ID:3374202

Localities in this Region

Cape Verde

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Kogarko, L. N. (1993). Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands. South African journal of geology, 96(3), 119-125.
Doucelance, R., Escrig, S., Moreira, M., Gariépy, C., & Kurz, M. D. (2003). Pb-Sr-He isotope and trace element geochemistry of the Cape Verde Archipelago. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(19), 3717-3733. doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00161-3
Duprat, H. I., Friis, J., Holm, P. M., Grandvuinet, T., & Sørensen, R. V. (2007). The volcanic and geochemical development of São Nicolau, Cape Verde Islands: constraints from field and 40Ar/39Ar evidence. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 162(1-2), 1-19. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.01.001
Millet, M. A., Doucelance, R., Schiano, P., David, K., & Bosq, C. (2008). Mantle plume heterogeneity versus shallow-level interactions: a case study, the São Nicolau Island, Cape Verde archipelago. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 176(2), 265-276. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.003
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
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