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Rio Graia, Trontano, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italyi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Rio Graia | Pegmatite |
| Trontano | Commune |
| Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province | Province |
| Piedmont | Region |
| Italy | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
46° 7' 1'' North , 8° 20' 57'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
| Club | Location | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Club Cercatori di Minerali e Fossili Ticino | Viganello, Ticino | 49km |
Name(s) in local language(s):
Rio Graia, Trontano, Val Vigezzo, Val d'Ossola, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, Piemonte, Italia
Rio Graia pegmatite, located at 695 m a.s.l., is famous for its large beryl crystals, up to 10 cm long, and also for some rare species such as ferrotapiolite.
Microlite-group minerals vary in colour from light yellow (fluorcalciomicrolite) to yellow-red and very dark reddish-brown (hydroxycalciomicrolite) (Vignola et al., 2018).
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) Formula: (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Description: Reported as allanite in the literature prior to 2013. |
| ⓘ Arsenopyrite Formula: FeAsS |
| ⓘ Autunite Formula: Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| ⓘ Bavenite Formula: Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Beryl Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ Clinozoisite Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' |
| ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) Formula: (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) Formula: YNbO4 |
| ⓘ Fersmite Formula: CaNb2O6 |
| ⓘ Fluorcalciomicrolite Formula: (Ca,Na)2(Ta,Nb)2O6F |
| ⓘ Hydroxycalciomicrolite Formula: Ca1.5Ta2O6(OH) |
| ⓘ Kaolinite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ 'K Feldspar' |
| ⓘ 'K Feldspar var. Adularia' Formula: KAlSi3O8 |
| ⓘ Laumontite Formula: CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ 'Microlite Group' Formula: A2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n |
| ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) Formula: Ce(PO4) |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Opal Formula: SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ Orthoclase Formula: K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ Phosphuranylite Formula: KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group' Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) Formula: YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| ⓘ 'Tantalite' Formula: (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| ⓘ Tantalite-(Fe) Formula: Fe2+Ta2O6 References: Mauro Savia collectionIdentification: SEM-EDS |
| ⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y) Formula: Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| ⓘ 'Tapiolite' Formula: (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| ⓘ Tapiolite-(Fe) Formula: Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline' Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ Uraninite Formula: UO2 |
| ⓘ 'Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)' Formula: (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| ⓘ Uranophane Formula: Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) Formula: Y(PO4) |
| ⓘ Xilingolite Formula: Pb3Bi2S6 References: Maurizio Dini Collection. Identified by Gerhard Möhn and Joy DésorIdentification: XRD, SEM-EDS |
| ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Arsenopyrite | 2.EB.20 | FeAsS |
| ⓘ | Xilingolite | 2.JB.40a | Pb3Bi2S6 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | 'Microlite Group' | 4.00. | A2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n |
| ⓘ | 'Pyrochlore Group' | 4.00. | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Opal | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Tapiolite-(Fe) | 4.DB.10 | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| ⓘ | Samarskite-(Y) | 4.DB.25 | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| ⓘ | Tantalite-(Fe) | 4.DB.35 | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| ⓘ | Euxenite-(Y) | 4.DG.05 | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| ⓘ | Fersmite | 4.DG.05 | CaNb2O6 |
| ⓘ | Tanteuxenite-(Y) | 4.DG.05 | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Fluorcalciomicrolite | 4.DH.15 | (Ca,Na)2(Ta,Nb)2O6F |
| ⓘ | Hydroxycalciomicrolite | 4.DH.15 | Ca1.5Ta2O6(OH) |
| ⓘ | Uraninite | 4.DL.05 | UO2 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Fergusonite-(Y) | 7.GA.05 | YNbO4 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Xenotime-(Y) | 8.AD.35 | Y(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Monazite-(Ce) | 8.AD.50 | Ce(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Autunite | 8.EB.05 | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| ⓘ | Phosphuranylite | 8.EC.10 | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Uranophane | 9.AK.15 | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | Clinozoisite | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Allanite-(Ce) | 9.BG.05b | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Beryl | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | Bavenite | 9.DF.25 | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Laumontite | 9.GB.10 | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar var. Adularia' | - | KAlSi3O8 |
| ⓘ | 'Tantalite' | - | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| ⓘ | 'Tapiolite' | - | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)' | - | (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| ⓘ | 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| H | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Phosphuranylite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| H | ⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| H | ⓘ Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Hydroxycalciomicrolite | Ca1.5Ta2O6(OH) |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
| O | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| O | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
| O | ⓘ Tantalite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Tapiolite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Fersmite | CaNb2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Phosphuranylite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| O | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Tapiolite | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Uraninite | UO2 |
| O | ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| O | ⓘ Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| O | ⓘ Fluorcalciomicrolite | (Ca,Na)2(Ta,Nb)2O6F |
| O | ⓘ Hydroxycalciomicrolite | Ca1.5Ta2O6(OH) |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Fluorcalciomicrolite | (Ca,Na)2(Ta,Nb)2O6F |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| Na | ⓘ Fluorcalciomicrolite | (Ca,Na)2(Ta,Nb)2O6F |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
| Al | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| P | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Phosphuranylite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| P | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| S | ⓘ Xilingolite | Pb3Bi2S6 |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Phosphuranylite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fersmite | CaNb2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Phosphuranylite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| Ca | ⓘ Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorcalciomicrolite | (Ca,Na)2(Ta,Nb)2O6F |
| Ca | ⓘ Hydroxycalciomicrolite | Ca1.5Ta2O6(OH) |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ti | ⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Tapiolite | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Fe | ⓘ Tantalite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Tapiolite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Tapiolite | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Y | Yttrium | |
| Y | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Y | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
| Y | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| Y | ⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| Y | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
| Nb | ⓘ Fersmite | CaNb2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| Nb | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| Nb | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Tapiolite | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Nb | ⓘ Fluorcalciomicrolite | (Ca,Na)2(Ta,Nb)2O6F |
| Ce | Cerium | |
| Ce | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ce | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ce | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| Ta | Tantalum | |
| Ta | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Tantalite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Tapiolite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Microlite Group | A2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n |
| Ta | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Tapiolite | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| Ta | ⓘ Fluorcalciomicrolite | (Ca,Na)2(Ta,Nb)2O6F |
| Ta | ⓘ Hydroxycalciomicrolite | Ca1.5Ta2O6(OH) |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Xilingolite | Pb3Bi2S6 |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | ⓘ Xilingolite | Pb3Bi2S6 |
| Th | Thorium | |
| Th | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| U | Uranium | |
| U | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| U | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| U | ⓘ Phosphuranylite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| U | ⓘ Uraninite | UO2 |
| U | ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| U | ⓘ Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
- AlpsAccretionary Complex
EuropeContinent
- The AlpsMountain Range
Italy
- Piedmont
- Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
- Ossola ValleyValley
- Vigezzo ValleyValley
- Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
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References
Boscardin, M., Mattioli, V., Pierini, G. C. (1982) Mikrolith und Columbit [Microlite and columbite]. Lapis, 7 (3) 17-19[with analysis of 2 columbites from Rio Graia
Rio Graia, Trontano, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy