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Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India i
Regional Level Types
Pathanapuram Taluk
Kollam District District
Kerala State
India Country

Regional Level Types
Pathanapuram	Taluk
Kollam District	District
Kerala	State
India	Country

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Type:

Taluk

Largest Settlements:

Place	Population
Punalūr	47,263 (2017)

Mindat Locality ID:

344053

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:344053:0

GUID (UUID V4):

Other Languages:

View 22 more...

French:

Punalur, Quilon, Kerala, Inde

German:

Punalur, Kollam, Kerala, Indien

Italian:

Punalur, distretto di Kollam, Kerala, India

Russian:

Пуналур, Коллам, Керала, Индия

Simplified Chinese:

普纳卢尔, 果拉姆縣, 喀拉拉邦, 印度

Spanish:

Punalur, Kollam, Kerala, India

Bengali:

পুনলুর, কোল্লাম জেলা, কেরল, ভারত

Bishnupriya Manipuri:

পুনলুর, কেরালা, ভারত

Cebuano:

Punalūr, State of Kerala, Indya

Dutch:

Punalur, Kollam, Kerala, Indië

Gujarati:

પુનાલુર, કોલ્લમ જિલ્લો, કેરળ, ભારત

Hindi:

पुनालूर, कोल्लम जिला, केरल, भारत

Japanese:

パナロー, コーラム県, ケーララ, インド

Kannada:

ಪುನಲೂರ್, ಕೇರಳ, ಭಾರತ

Kapampangan:

Punalur, Kerala, India

Korean:

푸나루르, 케랄라주, 인도

Malagasy:

Punalur, Kerala, India

Malay:

Punalur, Kerala, India

Malayalam:

പുനലൂർ, കൊല്ലം ജില്ല, കേരളം, ഇന്ത്യ

Marathi:

पुनलुर, कोल्लम जिल्हा, केरळ, भारत

Minnan / Hokkien-Taiwanese:

Punalur, Kollam, Kerala, Ìn-tō͘

Odia:

ପୁନାଲୁର, କେରଳ, ଭାରତ

Portuguese:

Punalur, Kerala, Índia

Swedish:

Punalūr, Kerala, Indien

Tamil:

புனலூர், கொல்லம் மாவட்டம், கேரளம், இந்தியா

Telugu:

పునలూరు, కొల్లం, కేరళ, భారత దేశం

Urdu:

پونالور, کولم ضلع, کیرلا, بھارت

Vietnamese:

Punalur, Kollam, Kerala, Ấn Độ

No description has been added for this locality. Can you add one?

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

15 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arima, M., & Santosh, M. (2004). Dunite, glimmerite and spinellite in Achankovil Shear Zone, South India: implications for highly potassic CO2-rich melt influx along an intra-continental shear zone. Gondwana Research, 7(4), 961-974.

Rajesh, V. J., & Arai, S. (2006). Baddeleyite-apatite-spinel-phlogopite (BASP) rock in Achankovil Shear Zone, South India, as a probable cumulate from melts of carbonatite affinity. Lithos, 90(1-2), 1-18.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ Baddeleyite

Formula: ZrO₂

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ Corundum

Formula: Al₂O₃

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ Dolomite

Formula: CaMg(CO₃)₂

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ 'Garnet Group'

Formula: X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ Graphite

Formula: C

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ Hibonite

Formula: CaAl₁₂O₁₉

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ Kalsilite

Formula: KAlSiO₄

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ Leucite

Formula: K(AlSi₂O₆)

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ Perovskite

Formula: CaTiO₃

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ Phlogopite

Formula: KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ Sillimanite

Formula: Al₂(SiO₄)O

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ Spinel

Formula: MgAl₂O₄

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTi(SiO₄)O

Locality: Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

References:

Sandiford, M., & Santosh, M. (1991). A granulite facies kalsilite-leucite-hibonite association from Punalur, Southern India. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43(3), 225-236.

Rajesh, V. J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., & Tamura, A. (2010). LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115(1-4), 40-50.

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Graphite	1.CB.05a	C
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Spinel	4.BB.05	MgAl₂O₄
ⓘ	Corundum	4.CB.05	Al₂O₃
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Perovskite	4.CC.30	CaTiO₃
ⓘ	Hibonite	4.CC.45	CaAl₁₂O₁₉
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Baddeleyite	4.DE.35	ZrO₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Dolomite	5.AB.10	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Sillimanite	9.AF.05	Al₂(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTi(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Phlogopite	9.EC.20	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Kalsilite	9.FA.05	KAlSiO₄
ⓘ	Leucite	9.GB.05	K(AlSi₂O₆)
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group'	-
ⓘ	'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'	-
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Garnet Group'	-	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Graphite	C
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Baddeleyite	ZrO₂
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Corundum	Al₂O₃
O	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Hibonite	CaAl₁₂O₁₉
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Kalsilite	KAlSiO₄
O	ⓘ Leucite	K(AlSi₂O₆)
O	ⓘ Perovskite	CaTiO₃
O	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Sillimanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
O	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
F	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Mg	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Corundum	Al₂O₃
Al	ⓘ Hibonite	CaAl₁₂O₁₉
Al	ⓘ Kalsilite	KAlSiO₄
Al	ⓘ Leucite	K(AlSi₂O₆)
Al	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Sillimanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Al	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Kalsilite	KAlSiO₄
Si	ⓘ Leucite	K(AlSi₂O₆)
Si	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Sillimanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Si	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Kalsilite	KAlSiO₄
K	ⓘ Leucite	K(AlSi₂O₆)
K	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Hibonite	CaAl₁₂O₁₉
Ca	ⓘ Perovskite	CaTiO₃
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Perovskite	CaTiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Baddeleyite	ZrO₂

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Eoarchean to Ordovician : 4000 Ma to 464.5 ± 9.2 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic Time

Rocks, Minerals and Events

ⓘ Phlogopite (youngest age)

464.5 ± 9.2 Ma

Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

Early/Lower Ordovician

ⓘ Phlogopite (oldest age)

470.5 ± 9.3 Ma

Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

Precambrian

Archean

ⓘ Granulite

Archean
(2500 - 4000 Ma)

Perunthol-Kakkaponnu, Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India

Fossils

This region is too big or complex to display the fossil list, try looking at smaller subregions.

Other Databases

Wikipedia:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punalur
Wikidata ID:	Q742720
GeoNames ID:	1259243

Localities in this Region

India

Kerala
- Kollam District
  - Pathanapuram
    - Perunthol-Kakkaponnu

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

Indian Plate (India Plate)Tectonic Plate

Trivandrum-Nagercoil BlockOrogenic Belt

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Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, IndiaiRegional Level TypesPathanapuramTaluk Kollam DistrictDistrict KeralaState IndiaCountry function showexplain() { $("#locexplain").toggle(); if (typeof movemap === "function") movemap(); }

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Detailed Mineral List:

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List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

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Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

Pathanapuram, Kollam District, Kerala, India i
Regional Level Types
Pathanapuram Taluk
Kollam District District
Kerala State
India Country