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Kunene Anorthosite Complex, African Platei
Regional Level Types
Kunene Anorthosite ComplexComplex
African PlateTectonic Plate

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PhotosSearchMineralogy
05915750017272295146517.jpg
Sodalite

Sodalite mine, Orotumba, Swartbooisdrif Dikes, Epupa, Kunene Region, Namibia
08410830017272730561334.jpg
Cancrinite, etc.

Sodalite mine, Orotumba, Swartbooisdrif Dikes, Epupa, Kunene Region, Namibia
00521010017410183612325.jpg
Sodalite, etc.

Sodalite mine, Orotumba, Swartbooisdrif Dikes, Epupa, Kunene Region, Namibia
05915750017272295146517.jpg
Sodalite

Sodalite mine, Orotumba, Swartbooisdrif Dikes, Epupa, Kunene Region, Namibia
08410830017272730561334.jpg
Cancrinite, etc.

Sodalite mine, Orotumba, Swartbooisdrif Dikes, Epupa, Kunene Region, Namibia
02059320017362846289639.jpg
Sodalite, etc.

Sodalite mine, Orotumba, Swartbooisdrif Dikes, Epupa, Kunene Region, Namibia
05915750017272295146517.jpg
Sodalite

Sodalite mine, Orotumba, Swartbooisdrif Dikes, Epupa, Kunene Region, Namibia
08410830017272730561334.jpg
Cancrinite, etc.

Sodalite mine, Orotumba, Swartbooisdrif Dikes, Epupa, Kunene Region, Namibia
Area:
15,000 km2
Type:
Complex
Mindat Locality ID:
374202
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:374202:3
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Kunene Intrusive Complex


Kunene Complex iron. Several occurrences of base and rare metals and industrial minerals.

The KIC is a large, 1.36–1.12-Ga old, intrusive gabbro-anorthosite suite at the southeastern margin of the Congo craton. The Kunene Intrusive Complex (KIC), located in SW Angola and NW Namibia, is one of the largest occurrences of anorthositic rocks in the world, cropping out with an approximated area of 18,000 km2 and ca. 350 km long and up to 50 km wide.
Anorthosite complex in SW Angola and extending into Namibia.

The lateral continuation of the KC to the east (between 50 and 125 km) beneath the Kalahari Cenozoic sediments suggests an overall size three times the outcropping dimension (about 53,500 km2). The KC is a large composite batholith, comprising at least twelve individual coalesced plutons, formed of massive anorthosite, leucotroctolite and leucogabbro, variably metasomatized.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

51 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded


Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5(T8O22)W2
ⓘ Analcime
Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3A
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
ⓘ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
ⓘ Böhmite
Formula: AlO(OH)
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Cancrinite
Formula: (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘ Carbocernaite
Formula: (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2
ⓘ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘ Clinozoisite
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ Diaspore
Formula: AlO(OH)
ⓘ Digenite
Formula: Cu9S5
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite
Formula: Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
ⓘ Enstatite
Formula: Mg2Si2O6
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ Ferro-pargasite
Formula: NaCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘ Fletcherite
Formula: CuNi2S4
ⓘ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ Gibbsite
Formula: Al(OH)3
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Graphite
Formula: C
ⓘ Hastingsite
Formula: NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Hematite var. Martite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
ⓘ Lepidocrocite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite
Formula: NaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘ Millerite
Formula: NiS
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘ 'Olivine Group'
Formula: M2SiO4
ⓘ Orthoclase
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Pentlandite
Formula: (NixFey)Σ9S8
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ Polydymite
Formula: Ni2+Ni3+2S4
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Siderite
Formula: FeCO3
ⓘ Siegenite
Formula: CoNi2S4
ⓘ Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘ Spinel
Formula: MgAl2O4
ⓘ Spinel var. Aluminium Spinel
Formula: Al3O4
ⓘ Strontianite
Formula: SrCO3
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTiO(SiO4)
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘGraphite1.CB.05aC
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
ⓘDigenite2.BA.10Cu9S5
ⓘBornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
ⓘPentlandite2.BB.15(NixFey)Σ9S8
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘMillerite2.CC.20NiS
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘFletcherite2.DA.05CuNi2S4
ⓘPolydymite2.DA.05Ni2+Ni3+2S4
ⓘSiegenite2.DA.05CoNi2S4
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘSpinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
ⓘMagnetite
var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite		4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘSpinel
var. Aluminium Spinel		4.BB.05Al3O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘHematite
var. Martite		4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘDiaspore4.FD.10AlO(OH)
ⓘGibbsite4.FE.10Al(OH)3
ⓘBöhmite4.FE.15AlO(OH)
ⓘLepidocrocite4.FE.15Fe3+O(OH)
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘSiderite5.AB.05FeCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘvar. Iron-bearing Dolomite5.AB.10Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
ⓘStrontianite5.AB.15SrCO3
ⓘCarbocernaite5.AB.50(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘFluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTiO(SiO4)
ⓘClinozoisite9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘEnstatite9.DA.05Mg2Si2O6
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘFerro-pargasite9.DE.15NaCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘHastingsite9.DE.15NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘMagnesio-arfvedsonite9.DE.25NaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘOrthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘCancrinite9.FB.05(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘSodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘAnalcime9.GB.05Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Unclassified
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5(T8O22)W2
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3A
ⓘ'Olivine Group'-M2SiO4

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ BöhmiteAlO(OH)
Hⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Hⓘ Clinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ DiasporeAlO(OH)
Hⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ Ferro-pargasiteNaCa2(Fe42+Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Hⓘ GibbsiteAl(OH)3
Hⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Hⓘ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsoniteNaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Hⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CCarbon
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Cⓘ Carbocernaite(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ GraphiteC
Cⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Cⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
Cⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
OOxygen
Oⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5(T8O22)W2
Oⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ BöhmiteAlO(OH)
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Oⓘ Carbocernaite(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2
Oⓘ Clinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ DiasporeAlO(OH)
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ EnstatiteMg2Si2O6
Oⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ Ferro-pargasiteNaCa2(Fe42+Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Oⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oⓘ GibbsiteAl(OH)3
Oⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsoniteNaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ Hematite var. MartiteFe2O3
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Oⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Oⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Oⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Oⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Spinel var. Aluminium SpinelAl3O4
Oⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
Oⓘ Olivine GroupM2SiO4
FFluorine
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
NaSodium
Naⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Naⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Naⓘ Carbocernaite(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2
Naⓘ Ferro-pargasiteNaCa2(Fe42+Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Naⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Naⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsoniteNaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ EnstatiteMg2Si2O6
Mgⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsoniteNaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Mgⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ BöhmiteAlO(OH)
Alⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Alⓘ Clinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ DiasporeAlO(OH)
Alⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ Ferro-pargasiteNaCa2(Fe42+Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Alⓘ GibbsiteAl(OH)3
Alⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Alⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Alⓘ Spinel var. Aluminium SpinelAl3O4
Alⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Siⓘ Clinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ EnstatiteMg2Si2O6
Siⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ Ferro-pargasiteNaCa2(Fe42+Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Siⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Siⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsoniteNaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Olivine GroupM2SiO4
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
SSulfur
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Sⓘ DigeniteCu9S5
Sⓘ FletcheriteCuNi2S4
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ MilleriteNiS
Sⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Sⓘ PolydymiteNi2+Ni23+S4
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ SiegeniteCoNi2S4
ClChlorine
Clⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Caⓘ Carbocernaite(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2
Caⓘ Clinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ Ferro-pargasiteNaCa2(Fe42+Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Caⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Tiⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
FeIron
Feⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ Ferro-pargasiteNaCa2(Fe42+Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Feⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsoniteNaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ Hematite var. MartiteFe2O3
Feⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Feⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Feⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
CoCobalt
Coⓘ SiegeniteCoNi2S4
NiNickel
Niⓘ FletcheriteCuNi2S4
Niⓘ MilleriteNiS
Niⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Niⓘ PolydymiteNi2+Ni23+S4
Niⓘ SiegeniteCoNi2S4
CuCopper
Cuⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuⓘ DigeniteCu9S5
Cuⓘ FletcheriteCuNi2S4
SrStrontium
Srⓘ Carbocernaite(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2
Srⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Baⓘ Carbocernaite(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Carbocernaite(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Neoproterozoic : 749 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Precambrian
 Proterozoic
  Neoproterozoic
   Tonian
ⓘ Biotite749 MaSwartbooisdrif Dikes, Epupa, Kunene Region, Namibia

Fossils

This region is too big or complex to display the fossil list, try looking at smaller subregions.

Localities in this Region

Angola
Namibia
Namibia

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

AfricaContinent
African PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Mayer, A, Hofmann, A.W, Sinigoi, S, Morais, E (2004) Mesoproterozoic Sm–Nd and U–Pb ages for the Kunene Anorthosite Complex of SW Angola. Precambrian Research, 133 (3) 187-206 doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2004.04.003
www.mme.gov.na (n.d.) http://www.mme.gov.na/gsn/
Villanova-de-Benavent, Cristina; Torró, Lisard; Castillo-Oliver, Montgarri; Campeny, Marc; Melgarejo, Joan Carles; Llovet, Xavier; Galí, Salvador; Gonçalves, Antonio Olimpio (2017) Fe–Ti(–V) Oxide Deposits of the Kunene Anorthosite Complex (SW Angola): Mineralogy and Thermo-Oxybarometry. Minerals, 7 (12). 246 doi:10.3390/min7120246
Lehmann, Jeremie, Bybee, Grant Michael, Hayes, Ben, Owen-Smith, Trishya Margaret, Belyanin, Georgy (2020) Emplacement of the giant Kunene AMCG complex into a contractional ductile shear zone and implications for the Mesoproterozoic tectonic evolution of SW Angola. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 109 (4). 1463-1485 doi:10.1007/s00531-020-01837-5
[1]Mochales, T.; Merino-Martínez, E.; Rey-Moral, C.; Machadinho, A.; Carvalho, J.; Represas, P.; García-Lobón, J.L.; Feria, M.C.; Martín-Banda, R.; López-Bahut, M.T.; et al. (2025) Detailed in-depth mapping of the world largest anorthositic complex: Magnetic anomalies, 2.5-3D modelling and emplacement constraints of the Kunene Complex (KC), SW Angola. Geoscience Frontiers, 16 (3). doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102030
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