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Fregeneda–Almendra pegmatite field, Castile and Leon, Spaini
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Fregeneda–Almendra pegmatite field | Pegmatite Field |
| Castile and Leon | Autonomous Community |
| Spain | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
40° North , 6° West (est.)
Estimate based on other nearby localities or region boundaries.
Margin of Error:
~9km
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Hundreds of pegmatite bodies have been identified in the Fregeneda–Almendra Pegmatite Field, which have been classified into eleven types according to their mineralogy, textural features, shape and size, degree of fractionation, and relationships with deformation and tectonic structures. Overall, the aplite-pegmatites of Fregeneda–Almendra display a regional spatial zonation from barren to evolved types with increasing distance from the MEPL Granitic Complex, as demonstrated by the northward-increasing Li-F contents. Of the eleven recognized pegmatite types, four consist of concordant barren dykes that occur relatively close or within the MEPL Granitic Complex, with quartz, K-feldspar > albite, muscovite, tourmaline ± andalusite ± garnet (types 1 to 4). The remaining seven pegmatite types consist of discordant dykes with a N10°–50°E strike. Intermediate (in terms of fractionation) bodies (types 5 and 6) are characterized by the occurrence of Fe–Mn phosphates, amblygonite group minerals ± tourmaline, and micas and feldspars showing higher Rb and Cs contents relative to the concordant barren aplite-pegmatites. Evolved aplite-pegmatites of the Fregeneda–Almendra field host spodumene, petalite, Li-micas and amblygonite group minerals, with significant enrichment in Li ± F, Sn, Rb, Nb > Ta, B, P and Be (types 7 to 10). Finally, type 11 dykes are represented by quartz veins rich in cassiterite, micas, and albite.
The Fregeneda-Almendra (FA) pegmatitic field (20 km E-W x 5 km N-S) encompasses different types of pegmatitic facies from which Feli mine is the most important deposit. 11 pegmatite types were differentiated intruding the Schist and Greywacke Complex based on their mineralogy. The field is framed to the south by the syn-kinematic Medâ-Penedono-Lumbrales leucogranitic complex (MPL) and to the NE by the Saucelle granite. These granites have U-Pb ages between 317-300 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar ages of 311.2 ± 3.7 Ma for MPL and 305 ± 3.3 Ma for the Feli suboutcropping granite, while Lumbrales granite yields a Rb-Sr whole rock age of 300 ± 0.8 Ma.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities33 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Native Bismuth | 1.CA.05 | Bi |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
| ⓘ | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Stannite | 2.CB.15a | Cu2FeSnS4 |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Bismuthinite | 2.DB.05 | Bi2S3 |
| ⓘ | Arsenopyrite | 2.EB.20 | FeAsS |
| ⓘ | 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' | 2.GB.05 | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Cassiterite | 4.DB.05 | SnO2 |
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Ferberite | 4.DB.30 | FeWO4 |
| ⓘ | Columbite-(Mn) | 4.DB.35 | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Montebrasite | 8.BB.05 | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Crandallite | 8.BL.10 | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| ⓘ | Messelite | 8.CG.05 | Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Eucryptite | 9.AA.05 | LiAlSiO4 |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Andalusite | 9.AF.10 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Beryl | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | Spodumene | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Cookeite | 9.EC.55 | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Petalite | 9.EF.05 | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Lepidolite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Tantalite' | - | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Alluaudite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Amblygonite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Columbite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'White mica' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | ⓘ Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Messelite | Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Li | Lithium | |
| Li | ⓘ Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| Li | ⓘ Eucryptite | LiAlSiO4 |
| Li | ⓘ Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| Li | ⓘ Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| Li | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| O | ⓘ Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Eucryptite | LiAlSiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Ferberite | FeWO4 |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Messelite | Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| O | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| O | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| F | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Eucryptite | LiAlSiO4 |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| Al | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Eucryptite | LiAlSiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| Si | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| P | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| P | ⓘ Messelite | Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| S | ⓘ Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| S | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | ⓘ Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
| S | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Messelite | Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ca | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferberite | FeWO4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Messelite | Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| Cu | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| Cu | ⓘ Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Sn | Tin | |
| Sn | ⓘ Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| Sn | ⓘ Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Ta | Tantalum | |
| Ta | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| W | Tungsten | |
| W | ⓘ Ferberite | FeWO4 |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | ⓘ Native Bismuth | Bi |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
Localities in this Region
- Guarda
- Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo
- Algodres, Vale de Afonsinho e Vilar de Amargo
- Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo
- Castile and Leon
- Salamanca
- Hinojosa de Duero
- La Fregeneda
- Salamanca
Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect
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References
Vieira, R.; Roda-Robles, E.; Pesquera, A.; Lima, A. (2011) Chemical variation and significance of micas from the Fregeneda-Almendra pegmatitic field (Central-Iberian Zone, Spain and Portugal). American Mineralogist, 96 (4). p.637-645. doi:10.2138/am.2011.3584
Errandonea-Martin, Jon; Garate-Olave, Idoia; Roda-Robles, Encarnación; Cardoso-Fernandes, Joana; Lima, Alexandre; Ribeiro, Maria dos Anjos; Teodoro, Ana Cláudia (2022) Metasomatic effect of Li-bearing aplite-pegmatites on psammitic and pelitic metasediments: Geochemical constraints on critical raw material exploration at the Fregeneda–Almendra Pegmatite Field (Spain and Portugal). Ore Geology Reviews, 150. p.105155. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.105155
Roda-Robles, Encarnación; Gil-Crespo, Pedro Pablo; Pesquera, Alfonso; Lima, Alexandre; Garate-Olave, Idoia; Merino-Martínez, Enrique; Cardoso-Fernandes, Joana; Errandonea-Martin, Jon (2022) Compositional Variations in Apatite and Petrogenetic Significance: Examples from Peraluminous Granites and Related Pegmatites and Hydrothermal Veins from the Central Iberian Zone (Spain and Portugal). Minerals, 12 (11). p.1401. doi:10.3390/min12111401
Roda-Robles, Encarnación, Vieira, Romeu, Lima, Alexandre, Errandonea-Martin, Jon, Pesquera, Alfonso, Cardoso-Fernandes, Joana, Garate-Olave, Idoia (2023) Li-rich pegmatites and related peraluminous granites of the Fregeneda-Almendra field (Spain-Portugal): A case study of magmatic signature for Li enrichment. Lithos, 452. 107195 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2023.107195
Feli deposit, La Fregeneda, Salamanca, Castile and Leon, Spain