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Alquife iron mines, Alquife, Granada, Andalusia, Spaini
Regional Level Types
Alquife iron minesGroup of Mining Fields
AlquifeMunicipality
GranadaProvince
AndalusiaAutonomous Community
SpainCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
37° 11' 31'' North , 3° 6' 38'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Group of Mining Fields
Mindat Locality ID:
446199
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:446199:2
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Marquesado mines; Minas de Alquife


The Alquife mines, also commonly called the Marquesado mines, are located in the municipalities of Alquife, Lanteira and Aldeire, in the province of Granada (Spain).

The importance of mining is found in the geological structure of the Marquesado del Zenete area, which is located in the Nevado-Filábride complex of Sierra Nevada. The most important iron deposits are stratabound mineralizations in Permo-Triassic or Triassic marbles to which hematite and goethite type formations (oxide facies) correspond.

Historically, this area has been exploited for mining purposes since Prehistory, although it would be from the 19th century onwards when extraction work experienced its peak. First, under the initiative of several companies with British capital, in 1929 the Compañía Andaluza de Minas (CAM) was created, which, during the last thirty years of activity, was the main iron ore producing centre in Spain, with a production of more than of 80 million tons of iron ore.

The Alquife mine site was, at that time, the largest open pit iron mine in Europe; La Corta is almost 300 meters deep and currently semi-flooded, forming an artificial lake, with water from the aquifer.

The extracted iron was delivered by rail to the port of Almería, from where it left by sea, loaded on merchant ships, supplying iron ore to the Altos Hornos de Vizcaya and exported to various countries such as Great Britain, France, The Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Germany and Romania.

In 1984, all the mining operations were acquired by the Compañía Andaluza de Minas (CAM), and the current mining preserve was formed, becoming an important complex, which had industrial plants, offices, a hospital, a mining town (Los Pozos), railway branches, etc. The Alquife deposit constituted the most important iron potential in Europe with an approximate surface area of ​​633 hectares.

In 2010 it was declared an Asset of Cultural Interest in the General Catalog of Andalusian Historical Heritage, due to its relevant historical, geological, landscape, technical-industrial and ethnological values.

In May 2011, the Dutch company Minas de Alquife Holding B.V. acquired all the shares of the company Minas de Alquife, S.L., the majority co-owner of the mining rights, to exploit the Marquesado Mines. In 2020, after decades of inactivity, the mining exploitation was reopened, exporting the minerals through the port of Malaga.

Las minas de Alquife, también llamadas habitualmente como las minas del Marquesado, se encuentra situada sobre los términos municipales de Alquife, Lanteira y Aldeire, en la provincia de Granada (España).

La importancia de la minería se encuentra en la estructura geológica de la zona del Marquesado del Zenete, que se encuentra en el complejo nevado-filábride de Sierra Nevada. Los yacimientos de hierro más importantes son mineralizaciones estratoligadas en los mármoles permotriásicos o triásicos a las que corresponden formaciones tipo hematites y goethitas (facies de óxidos).

Históricamente esta zona ha sido explotada con fines mineros desde la Prehistoria, aunque sería a partir del siglo XIX, cuando las labores de extracción vivieron su auge. Primero bajo la iniciativa de varias empresas de capital británico, en 1929 se crea la Compañía Andaluza de Minas (CAM), que durante los últimos treinta años en actividad, fue el principal centro productor de mineral de hierro de España, con una producción de más de 80 millones de toneladas de mineral de hierro.

El yacimiento de las minas de Alquife, que en ese momento se constituye como la mayor mina a cielo abierto de hierro de Europa; (La Corta tiene casi 300 metros de profundidad y actualmente semiinundada, formando un lago artificial, con agua del acuífero).

A través del ferrocarril se daba salida al hierro extraído hasta el puerto de Almería, desde donde salía por vía marítima, cargado en buques mercantes, suministrando mineral de hierro a los Altos Hornos de Vizcaya y exportándose a diversos países como Gran Bretaña, Francia, Holanda, Bélgica, Italia, Alemania y Rumanía.

En 1984, todas las explotaciones mineras fueron adquiridas por la Compañía Andaluza de Minas (CAM), y se formó el actual coto minero,convirtiéndose en un importante complejo, que contaba con plantas industriales, oficinas,hospital, un poblado minero (los Pozos), ramales ferroviarios, etc. El yacimiento de Alquife constituyó el potencial de hierro más importante de Europa con una superficie aproximada de 633 ha.

En 2010 fue declarado Bien de Interés Cultural en el Catálogo General de Patrimonio Histórico Andaluz, por sus relevantes valores históricos, geológicos, paisajísticos, técnico-industriales y etnológicos.
En mayo de 2011, la empresa holandesa Minas de Alquife Holding B.V., adquirió la totalidad de las acciones de la sociedad Minas de Alquife, S.L. copropietaria mayoritaria de los derechos mineros de explotación de las Minas del Marquesado. En el año 2020, después de décadas inactiva, se procede a la reapertura de la explotación minera, exportando el mineral por el puerto de Málaga.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


26 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded


Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ Chloritoid
Formula: Fe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Graphite
Formula: C
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Hematite var. Martite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Hematite var. Titanohematite
Formula: (Fe,Ti)2O3
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ 'Limonite'
References:
Colección Manuel Gómez CuervaIdentified by Manuel Gómez Cuerva: Visual Identification
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
References:
Colección Manuel Gómez CuervaIdentified by Manuel Gómez Cuerva: Visual Identification
ⓘ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Pyrolusite
Formula: Mn4+O2
ⓘ Pyromorphite
Formula: Pb5(PO4)3Cl
References:
Colección Manuel Gómez CuervaIdentified by Manuel Gómez Cuerva: Visual Identification
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Siderite
Formula: FeCO3
ⓘ Spessartine
Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Talc
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ Tremolite
Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘGraphite1.CB.05aC
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘMarcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘHematite
var. Martite
4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘvar. Specularite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘvar. Titanohematite4.CB.05(Fe,Ti)2O3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘPyrolusite4.DB.05Mn4+O2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘSiderite5.AB.05FeCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘMalachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘPyromorphite8.BN.05Pb5(PO4)3Cl
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘSpessartine9.AD.25Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘChloritoid9.AF.85Fe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘTremolite9.DE.10◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘTalc9.EC.05Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Limonite'-
ⓘ'Tourmaline'-AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ ChloritoidFe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2
Hⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Hⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
BBoron
Bⓘ TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
CCarbon
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ GraphiteC
Cⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cⓘ SideriteFeCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ ChloritoidFe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oⓘ Hematite var. MartiteFe2O3
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ PyrolusiteMn4+O2
Oⓘ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Oⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Oⓘ TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Hematite var. SpeculariteFe2O3
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Hematite var. Titanohematite(Fe,Ti)2O3
FFluorine
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Mgⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ ChloritoidFe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2
Alⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ ChloritoidFe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2
Siⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Siⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
SSulfur
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clⓘ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ Hematite var. Titanohematite(Fe,Ti)2O3
MnManganese
Mnⓘ PyrolusiteMn4+O2
Mnⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
FeIron
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ ChloritoidFe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2
Feⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Feⓘ Hematite var. MartiteFe2O3
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Feⓘ Hematite var. SpeculariteFe2O3
Feⓘ Hematite var. Titanohematite(Fe,Ti)2O3
CuCopper
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
PbLead
Pbⓘ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent

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