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Mushgai Khudag carbonatite complex, Shara Hulasa Hiid, Mandal-Ovoo District, Ömnögovi Province, Mongoliai
Regional Level Types
Mushgai Khudag carbonatite complexComplex
Shara Hulasa Hiid- not defined -
Mandal-Ovoo DistrictDistrict
Ömnögovi ProvinceProvince
MongoliaCountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
08221540017563544659280.jpg
Maghemite, etc.

Mushgai Khudag carbonatite complex, Shara Hulasa Hiid, Mandal-Ovoo District, Ömnögovi Province, Mongolia
09942750017272049427482.jpg
Native Gold, etc.

Mushgai Khudag carbonatite complex, Shara Hulasa Hiid, Mandal-Ovoo District, Ömnögovi Province, Mongolia
08803730017272073632167.jpg
Hematite, etc.

Mushgai Khudag carbonatite complex, Shara Hulasa Hiid, Mandal-Ovoo District, Ömnögovi Province, Mongolia
05325190017563262291478.jpg
Maghemite, etc.

Mushgai Khudag carbonatite complex, Shara Hulasa Hiid, Mandal-Ovoo District, Ömnögovi Province, Mongolia
09942750017272049427482.jpg
Native Gold, etc.

Mushgai Khudag carbonatite complex, Shara Hulasa Hiid, Mandal-Ovoo District, Ömnögovi Province, Mongolia
08803730017272073632167.jpg
Hematite, etc.

Mushgai Khudag carbonatite complex, Shara Hulasa Hiid, Mandal-Ovoo District, Ömnögovi Province, Mongolia
04874510017563274295457.jpg
Maghemite, etc.

Mushgai Khudag carbonatite complex, Shara Hulasa Hiid, Mandal-Ovoo District, Ömnögovi Province, Mongolia
09942750017272049427482.jpg
Native Gold, etc.

Mushgai Khudag carbonatite complex, Shara Hulasa Hiid, Mandal-Ovoo District, Ömnögovi Province, Mongolia
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
44° 24' 2'' North , 104° 3' 5'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
44.40083,104.05139
GRN:
N30E54
Type:
Complex
Age:
179 to 121 Ma
Geologic Time:
Mesozoic
Dating method:
K-Ar
Reference for age:
Samoylov, V. S., & Kovalenko, V. I. (1983). Complexes of Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites in Mongolia. The Joint Soviet-Mongolian Scientific Research Geological Expedition, Transactions, 35, 1-199. Nauka, Moscow.
Köppen climate type:
BWk : Cold desert climate
Mindat Locality ID:
45124
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:45124:3
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Mushgai Hudag; Mushugai Khuduk; Mushugay Khuduk; Mushugai Khudag; Mushugai-khuduk; Mossoday hudaz; Mössögay hudag


REE deposit.

Complex is located within E-W-trending depression filled with Cretaceous sediments; there are also small troughs of Paleozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks. The complex comprises extensive areas of volcanic rocks, including flows and tuffs, with several remnant volcanoes, which are cut by numerous intrusions, generally less than 1 km in diameter and numerous dikes. The activity came to a close within the emplacement of veins and dikes of carbonatite.
The REE mineralization is associated with carbonatites, magnetite-apatite and fluorite-celestine-magnetite-apatite rocks, and quartz-fluorite-rich veins. The most important economically are apatite-bastnäsite carbonatite and apatite-magnetite ores.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


35 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Anhydrite
Formula: CaSO4
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ 'Bastnäsite'
Formula: (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(CO3)F
ⓘ Britholite-(Ce)
Formula: (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
ⓘ 'Britholite Group'
Formula: (REE,Ca)5[(Si,P)O4]3X
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Celestine
Formula: SrSO4
ⓘ Cerussite
Formula: PbCO3
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Hydroxylapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ Maghemite
Formula: (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(PO4)
ⓘ 'Monazite Group'
Formula: REE(PO4)
ⓘ Native Gold
Formula: Au
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘ 'Parisite'
Formula: Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
ⓘ Perrierite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce4MgFe3+2Ti2O8(Si2O7)2
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Phosphosiderite
Formula: FePO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ 'Rhabdophane'
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Schorlomite
Formula: Ca3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2
ⓘ 'Synchysite'
Formula: Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
ⓘ Thorianite
Formula: ThO2
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘ Wollastonite
Formula: Ca3(Si3O9)

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘNative Gold1.AA.05Au
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘMaghemite4.BB.15(Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘThorianite4.DL.05ThO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘCerussite5.AB.15PbCO3
ⓘBastnäsite-(Ce)5.BD.20aCe(CO3)F
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘAnhydrite7.AD.30CaSO4
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘCelestine7.AD.35SrSO4
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘMonazite-(Ce)8.AD.50Ce(PO4)
ⓘFluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘHydroxylapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
ⓘPhosphosiderite8.CD.05FePO4 · 2H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘSchorlomite9.AD.25Ca3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘBritholite-(Ce)9.AH.25(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
ⓘPerrierite-(Ce)9.BE.70Ce4MgFe3+2Ti2O8(Si2O7)2
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘWollastonite9.DG.05Ca3(Si3O9)
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Bastnäsite'-(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
ⓘ'Monazite Group'-REE(PO4)
ⓘ'Rhabdophane'-
ⓘ'Parisite'-Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
ⓘ'Synchysite'-Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Britholite Group'-(REE,Ca)5[(Si,P)O4]3X

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Hⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Hⓘ PhosphosideriteFePO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Cⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Cⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
OOxygen
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Oⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Oⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ CelestineSrSO4
Oⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ Maghemite(Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Oⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ Perrierite-(Ce)Ce4MgFe23+Ti2O8(Si2O7)2
Oⓘ PhosphosideriteFePO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ SchorlomiteCa3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2
Oⓘ ThorianiteThO2
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Oⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Oⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
Oⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Britholite Group(REE,Ca)5[(Si,P)O4]3X
FFluorine
Fⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Fⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Fⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Fⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Fⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ Perrierite-(Ce)Ce4MgFe23+Ti2O8(Si2O7)2
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ Perrierite-(Ce)Ce4MgFe23+Ti2O8(Si2O7)2
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SchorlomiteCa3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Siⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siⓘ Britholite Group(REE,Ca)5[(Si,P)O4]3X
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Pⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Pⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Pⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Pⓘ PhosphosideriteFePO4 · 2H2O
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Pⓘ Britholite Group(REE,Ca)5[(Si,P)O4]3X
SSulfur
Sⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ CelestineSrSO4
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
ClChlorine
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Caⓘ SchorlomiteCa3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Caⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Caⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caⓘ Britholite Group(REE,Ca)5[(Si,P)O4]3X
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ Perrierite-(Ce)Ce4MgFe23+Ti2O8(Si2O7)2
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ SchorlomiteCa3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
FeIron
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ Maghemite(Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe23+O4
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ Perrierite-(Ce)Ce4MgFe23+Ti2O8(Si2O7)2
Feⓘ PhosphosideriteFePO4 · 2H2O
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ SchorlomiteCa3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2
SrStrontium
Srⓘ CelestineSrSO4
YYttrium
Yⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Yⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
LaLanthanum
Laⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Ceⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Ceⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Ceⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Ceⓘ Perrierite-(Ce)Ce4MgFe23+Ti2O8(Si2O7)2
Ceⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Ceⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
NdNeodymium
Ndⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Ndⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Ndⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
AuGold
Auⓘ Native GoldAu
PbLead
Pbⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
ThThorium
Thⓘ ThorianiteThO2

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AsiaContinent
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

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References

Gerel, O., Munkhtsengel, B., Enkhtuvshin, H. & Iizumi, S. 2005. Mushgai Khudag and Bayan Khoshuu volcanic-plutonic alkaline complexes with REE±Ta, Nb, Fe carbonatite mineralization.
Kovalenko, V.I., Samoylov, V.S., Vladykin, N.V., Goreglyad, A.V. & Makagon, L.D. 1977. Geochemical characteristics of a shallow carbonatite complex in the Gobi Desert. Geokhimiya, 9, 1312-1326.
Samoylov, V.S, Kovalenko, V.I., Ivanov, V.G. & Naumov, V.B. 1973. Immiscible carbonate phases in alkalic rocks of the Mössögay Hudag Complex, southern Mongolia. Doklady Earth Science Sections, 210, 167-170.
Samoylov, V.S, Kovalenko, V.I., Naumov, V.B., Sandimirova, G.P. & Chivashova, 1988. Immiscibility of silicate and salt melts in the formation of the Mushugay-Khuduk alkali complex, south Mongolia. Geokhimiya, 10, 1447-1460.
Kovalenko, V. I., Samoylov, V. S., SMIRNOVA, E., VLADYKIN, N., & GOREGLIAD, A. (1977). RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN ROCKS OF NEAR-SURFACE CARBONATITE COMPLEXES OF MONGOLIA. Geokhimiya, (12), 1831-1842.
Samoylov, V. S., & Kovalenko, V. I. (1983). Complexes of Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites in Mongolia. The Joint Soviet-Mongolian Scientific Research Geological Expedition, Transactions, 35, 1-199. Nauka, Moscow.
Andreeva, I. A., Kovalenko, V. I., Naumov, V. B., & Kononkova, N. N. (2004). Compositions and formation conditions of silicate and salt magmas forming the garnet syenite porphyries (Sviatonossites) of the carbonatite-bearing Mushugai-Khuduk complex, southern Mongolia. Geochemistry International, 42(6), 497-512.
Seltmann, R., Gerel, O., & Kirwin, D. (2004). Geodynamics and Metallogeny of Mongolia with a special emphasis on copper and gold deposits. IAGOD guidebook series, 11. CERCAMS/Natural History Museum, London, 215-221.
Ripp, G. S.; Karmanov, N. S.; Kanakin, S. V.; Doroshkevich, A. G.; Andreev, G. V. (2005): Cerium britholite from the Mushugai ore deposit (Mongolia). Zapiski Rossiiskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 134, 90-103. (in Russian)
Andreeva, I.A., Kovalenko, V.I., and Naumov, V.B. (2007): Silicate-salt(sulfate) liquid immiscibility: a study of melt inclusions in minerals of the Mushugai-Khuduk carbonatite-bearing complex (southern Mongolia). Acta Petrologica Sinica 23(19, 73-82 (in Chinese).
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models . Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr20091139
Sanematsu, K., Kon, Y., Hirano, H., & Watanabe, Y. (2010, November). Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Mushgai Khudag REE Deposit, Mongolia. In 2010 GSA Denver Annual Meeting.
Vladykin, N. V. (2013). Petrology and composition of rare-metal alkaline rocks in the South Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 54(4), 416-435.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4p.165
[1]Dostal, Jaroslav, Gerel, Ochir (2023) Rare Earth Element Deposits in Mongolia. Minerals, 13 (1) 129 doi:10.3390/min13010129
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