Bagni Marii thermal spring concession, Rapolano Terme, Siena Province, Tuscany, Italyi

Regional Level Types
Bagni Marii thermal spring concession	Mining Concession (Active)
Rapolano Terme	Commune
Siena Province	Province
Tuscany	Region
Italy	Country

Well 1 was established in 1954 within the plant premises, originally reaching a depth of approximately 17 meters. Subsequent cleaning and deepening operations performed in 2004 extended its depth to around 25 meters (see Fig. 5.2). The well is artesian, with a water temperature of about 40°C. It is lined to a depth of roughly 8 meters with an 8-cm diameter pipe. This narrow lining facilitates the natural ascent of thermal fluids, driven by a high concentration of dissolved gases. The well likely taps into a fracture that serves as a conduit for both thermal water and gas, with the gas assisting in elevating the water to the surface. The source is protected by glass.
Routine maintenance, typically conducted every decade, involves inserting equipment into the casing to clean the well walls. This temporarily reduces the flow section, subsequently restoring the original extraction efficiency.
The well demonstrates stable flow rates over time, unaffected by seasonal changes. The discharge at the wellhead exhibits a consistent cyclical pattern, alternating between minimum and maximum values. The thermal water is characterized by elevated CO₂ content; therefore, the protective glass structure is specifically designed to mitigate risks to living organisms. To ensure safety, the enclosure must remain open with a designated outlet at the top.