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South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica i
Regional Level Types
South Shetland Islands Group of Islands
Antarctic Peninsula Peninsula
West Antarctica Region
Antarctica Continent

Regional Level Types
South Shetland Islands	Group of Islands
Antarctic Peninsula	Peninsula
West Antarctica	Region
Antarctica	Continent

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Chinstrap penguins

Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

Map of King George Island, between the Drake and Bransfield Passages, with the location of the Polish Polar Station 'Henryk Arctowski'.

King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

Epidote, etc.

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

Chinstrap penguins

Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

Epidote, etc.

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

Chinstrap penguins

Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

Type:

Group of Islands

Age:

201.3 ± 0.2 Ma to present day

Geologic Time:

Early Jurassic : Jurassic to Quaternary

Reference for age:

Smellie, J.L., Pankhurst, R., Thomson, M.R.A., Davies, R.E.S. (1984) The geology of the South Shetland Islands: VI. Stratigraphy, geochemistry and evolution. Cambridge, British Antarctic Survey, 85 pages. (British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports, 87).

Mindat Locality ID:

48431

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:48431:1

GUID (UUID V4):

Other Languages:

View 46 more...

French:

îles Shetland du Sud, Antarctique occidental, Antarctique

German:

Südliche Shetlandinseln, Westantarktika, Antarktika

Italian:

Isole Shetland Meridionali, Antartide Occidentale, Antartide

Russian:

Южные Шетландские острова, Западная Антарктида, Антарктида

Simplified Chinese:

南设得兰群岛, 西部南极洲, 南极洲

Spanish:

Islas Shetland del Sur, Antártida Occidental, Antártida

Afrikaans:

Suidelike Shetlandeilande, Antarktika

Anglo-Saxon:

Sūþhjaltland, Antarctica

Arabic:

جزر_جنوب_شيتلاند, غرب القارة القطبية الجنوبية, القارة القطبية الجنوبية

Armenian:

Հարավային Շետլանդյան կղզիներ, Արևմտյան Անտարկտիդա, Անտարկտիդա

Asturian:

Islles Shetland del Sur, Antártida Occidental, Antártida

Azeri:

Cənubi Şetland adaları, Qərbi Antarktida, Antarktida

Basque:

Hego Shetlandak, Mendebaldeko Antartika, Antartika

Belarusian:

Паўднёвыя Шэтландскія астравы, Заходняя Антарктыда, Антарктыда

Belarusian (Tarashkevitsa):

Паўднёвыя Шэтляндзкія астравы, Заходняя Антарктыда, Антарктыда

Breton:

Inizi Shetland ar Su, Antarktika

Bulgarian:

Южни Шетландски острови, Антарктида

Catalan:

Illes Shetland del Sud, Antàrtida Occidental, Antàrtida

Cebuano:

Shetland del Sur, Antarctica

Chuvash:

Кăнтăр Шетланди утравĕсем, Антарктида

Czech:

Jižní Shetlandy, Západní Antarktida, Antarktida

Danish:

Sydshetlandsøerne, Antarktis

Dutch:

Zuidelijke Shetlandeilanden, West-Antarctica, Antarctica

Esperanto:

Sudaj Ŝetlandaj Insuloj, Okcidenta Antarkto, Antarkto

Farsi/Persian:

جزایر شتلند جنوبی, جنوبگان باختری, جنوبگان

Finnish:

Eteläiset Shetlandsaaret, Länsi-Etelämanner, Etelämanner

Galician:

Illas Shetland do Sur, Antártida Occidental, Antártida

Georgian:

სამხრეთ შეტლანდის კუნძულები, დასავლეთი ანტარქტიდა, ანტარქტიდა

Greek:

Νότια Σέτλαντ, Δυτική Ανταρκτική, Ανταρκτική

Hebrew:

איי שטלנד הדרומיים, מערב אנטארקטיקה, אנטארקטיקה

Hungarian:

Déli-Shetland-szigetek, Antarktika

Indonesian:

Kepulauan Shetland Selatan, Antarktika Barat, Antartika

Japanese:

サウス・シェトランド諸島, 西南極, 南極大陸

Korean:

사우스셰틀랜드 제도, 서남극, 남극

Kyrgyz:

Түштүк шетленд аралдары, Антарктида

Latvian:

Dienvidšetlendas salas, Rietumantarktīda, Antarktīda

Lithuanian:

Pietų Šetlando salos, Antarktida

Macedonian:

Јужни Шетландски Острови, Западен Антарктик, Антарктик

Norwegian:

Sør-Shetlandsøyene, Antarktika

Norwegian (Nynorsk):

Sør-Shetlandsøyane, Vest-Antarktis, Antarktis

Polish:

Szetlandy Południowe, Antarktyda Zachodnia, Antarktyda

Portuguese:

Ilhas Shetland do Sul, Antártida Ocidental, Antártida

Romanian:

Shetland de Sud, Antarctida Apuseană, Antarctida

Scots:

Sooth Shetland Islands, Antarcticae

Serbian:

Јужна Шетландска острва, Антарктик

Slovenian:

Južni Shetlandski otoki, Mala Antarktika, Antarktika

Swedish:

Sydshetlandsöarna, Västantarktis, Antarktis

Tatar:

Көньяк Шетланд утраулары, Антарктида

Traditional Chinese:

南設得蘭群島, 南極洲西部, 南極洲

Turkish:

Güney Shetland Adaları, Batı Antarktika, Antarktika

Ukrainian:

Південні Шетландські острови, Західна Антарктида, Антарктида

Uzbek (Latin Script):

Janubiy Shetlend orollari, Antarktida

The South Shetland Islands are a group of Antarctic islands with a total area of 3,687 square kilometres (1,424 sq mi). They lie about 120 kilometres (75 mi) north of the Antarctic Peninsula, and between 430 kilometres (270 mi) to 900 kilometres (560 mi) south-west from the nearest point of the South Orkney Islands. By the Antarctic Treaty of 1959, the islands' sovereignty is neither recognized nor disputed by the signatories and they are free for use by any signatory for non-military purposes.

The islands have been claimed by the United Kingdom since 1908 and as part of the British Antarctic Territory since 1962. They are also claimed by the governments of Chile (since 1940, as part of the Antártica Chilena province) and by Argentina (since 1943, as part of Argentine Antarctica, Tierra del Fuego Province).

Several countries maintain research stations on the islands. Most of them are situated on King George Island, benefitting from the airfield of the Chilean base Eduardo Frei.

There are sixteen research stations to date in different parts of the islands, with Chilean stations being the greatest in number. [Wikipedia]

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

ⓘ 'Apophyllite Group'

ⓘ 'Clinoptilolite Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Faujasite Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

ⓘ 'Heulandite Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'

ⓘ Hydrokenoralstonite

ⓘ var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite

ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Petrified Wood'

ⓘ 'Phillipsite Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Plagioclase'

ⓘ Prehnite

ⓘ 'Pumpellyite Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'

ⓘ Spheniscidite (TL)

ⓘ 'Stilbite Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Thomsonite Subgroup'

ⓘ Titanite

ⓘ 'Tourmaline'

ⓘ Tridymite

ⓘ var. Christensenite

73 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Actinolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

Localities:

Barton Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Aerinite

Formula: (Ca_5.1Na_0.5)(Fe³⁺,Al,Fe²⁺,Mg)₄(Al,Mg)₆[HSi₁₂O₃₆(OH)₁₂][(CO₃)_1.2(H₂O)₁₂]

Locality: Ezcurra Inlet, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Mozer, A. (2012). Pre-glacial sedimentary facies of the Point Thomas Formation (Eocene) at Cytadela, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, West Antarctica. Polish Polar Research, 33(1), 41-62.

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase

Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]

Locality: Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Trouw, Rudolph A.J., Passchier, Cees W., Valeriano, Claudio M., Simões, Luiz Sérgio A., Paciullo, Fabio V.P., Ribeiro, André (2000) Deformational evolution of a Cretaceous subduction complex: Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Tectonophysics, 319 (2) 93-110 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(00)00021-4

ⓘ 'Allanite Group'

Formula: (A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

Smellie, J. L.; Pankhurst, R.; Thomson, M. R. A.; Davies, R. E. S. (1984, March) he geology of the South Shetland Islands: VI. Stratigraphy, geochemistry and evolution. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports 87. British Antarctic Survey 85pp.

ⓘ Almandine

Formula: Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

Locality: Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

ⓘ Alunite

Formula: KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆

Locality: Barton Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Goldschmidt Conference: Journal of Conference Abstracts Volume 5(2), 1090

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

Formula: AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Analcime

Formula: Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O

Localities:

Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Andalusite

Formula: Al₂(SiO₄)O

Locality: Barton Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Geological Magazine

March 2002

v. 139

no. 2

p. 209-231

ⓘ Anorthite

Formula: Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Ezcurra Inlet, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite

Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]

References:

ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite

Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Beyers peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ 'Apophyllite Group'

Formula: AB₄[Si₈O₂₀]X · 8H₂O

Locality: Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Birkenmajer K., Wieser T., Żabiński W. (1989) Zeolite associations from Tertiary basaltoids of King George Island, West Antarctica. Mineralogia Polonica, 20(1), 3-34.

ⓘ 'Arctowskite'

Formula: Al₉(PO₄)₈(OH)₃ · 27H₂O

Locality: Low Head, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Tatur, Andrzej, Keck, AAlexander (1990) Phosphates in ornithogenic soils of the maritime Antarctic. NIPR Symposium on Polar Biology 3, 133-150

ⓘ Augite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Punta Hannah, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Beyers peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Baryte

Formula: BaSO₄

Locality: Unnamed Cu-Mo deposit, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

D. C. Armstrong, R. C. R. Willan (!996) Orthomagmatic quartz and post-magmatic carbonate veins in a reported porphyry copper deposit, Andean Intrusive Suite, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands. Mineralium Deposita, May 1996, 31, # 4, 290–306.

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

Localities:

ⓘ Bornite

Formula: Cu₅FeS₄

Locality: Unnamed Cu-Mo deposit, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

ⓘ Brucite

Formula: Mg(OH)₂

Locality: Low Head, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Rangel, C. V. G. T., Orlando, M. T. D. A., Jardim, H. A., Almeida, I. C. C., de Sá Mendonça, E., de Bortoli Teixeira, D., ... & Schaefer, C. E. (2019). Provenance and Alteration of Glacial Sediments in King George Island, Antarctica. Journal of Sedimentary Environments, 4(1), 124-142.

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.

ⓘ Celadonite

Formula: K(MgFe³⁺◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂

Localities:

Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Punta Hannah, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ 'Chabazite'

Locality: Fildes peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Soto, C., & Paz, G. (2014). Episodios metamórficos de muy bajo grado en rocas volcánicas básicas cenozoicas en Península Fildes, Isla King George, Islas Shetland del Sur, Antártica.

ⓘ Chabazite-K

Formula: (K₂,Ca,Na₂,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O

Locality: Fildes peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Soto, C., & Paz, G. (2014). Episodios metamórficos de muy bajo grado en rocas volcánicas básicas cenozoicas en Península Fildes, Isla King George, Islas Shetland del Sur, Antártica.

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

Localities:

Unnamed Cu-Mo deposit, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Barton Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Chloraluminite

Formula: AlCl₃ · 6H₂O

Locality: Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Viramonte, J.G., Sureda, R.J., Bossi, G.E., Fourcade, N.H., Omarini, R.H., Geochemical and mineralogical study of the high temperature fumaroles from Decepcion Island, South Shetland, Antarctica. Inst. Assoc. of Volc. and chemistry of the erath interior. Symposium Andean and Antarctic Volcanology Problems. Chile (1974).

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

Colour: Dark green

ⓘ Clinochlore

Formula: Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈

Localities:

Fildes peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Clinochlore var. Diabantite

Formula: (Mg,Fe,Al)₆((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₈

Locality: Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Bastias, J., Fuentes, F., Aguirre, L., Hervé, F., Fernandoy, F., Demant, A. (2013) Zeolites and Mafic Phyllosilicates in Livingston Island, Antarctica. Mineralogical Magazine, 77(5), 666.

ⓘ 'Clinoptilolite Subgroup'

Formula: (Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O

Localities:

Fildes peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Punta Hannah, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

Localities:

ⓘ Clinozoisite

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

ⓘ Corundum

Formula: Al₂O₃

Locality: Barton Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Geological Magazine

March 2002

v. 139

no. 2

p. 209-231

ⓘ Cowlesite

Formula: CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 6H₂O

Locality: Ezcurra Inlet, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Mozer, A. (2012). Pre-glacial sedimentary facies of the Point Thomas Formation (Eocene) at Cytadela, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, West Antarctica. Polish Polar Research, 33(1), 41-62.

ⓘ 'Crossite'

Locality: Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Mink, S., Maestro, A., López-Martínez, J., Schmid, T., Galindo-Zaldívar, J., Trouw, R. A. J. (2015) Morphostructural analysis and Cenozoic evolution of Elephant Island, Southern Scotia Arc, Antarctica. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 104 (3) 833-851 doi:10.1007/s00531-014-1099-1

ⓘ Diaspore

Formula: AlO(OH)

Locality: Barton Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Goldschmidt Conference: Journal of Conference Abstracts Volume 5(2), 1090

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

Locality: Ezcurra Inlet, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Mozer, A. (2012). Pre-glacial sedimentary facies of the Point Thomas Formation (Eocene) at Cytadela, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, West Antarctica. Polish Polar Research, 33(1), 41-62.

ⓘ Enstatite

Formula: Mg₂Si₂O₆

Locality: Ezcurra Inlet, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Mozer, A. (2012). Pre-glacial sedimentary facies of the Point Thomas Formation (Eocene) at Cytadela, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, West Antarctica. Polish Polar Research, 33(1), 41-62.

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Fildes peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Barton Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Epistilbite

Formula: CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O

Locality: Fildes peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Soto, C., & Paz, G. (2014). Episodios metamórficos de muy bajo grado en rocas volcánicas básicas cenozoicas en Península Fildes, Isla King George, Islas Shetland del Sur, Antártica.

ⓘ 'Faujasite Subgroup'

Formula: M_3.5[Al₇Si₁₇O₄₈] · 32H₂O

Locality: Punta Hannah, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Bastias, J., Fuentes, F., Aguirre, L., Hervé, F., Fernandoy, F., Demant, A. (2013) Zeolites and Mafic Phyllosilicates in Livingston Island, Antarctica. Mineralogical Magazine, 77(5), 666.

Bastias, Joaquin, Fuentes, Francisco, Aguirre, Luis, Hervé, Francisco, Demant, Alain, Deckart, Katja, Torres, Teresa (2016) Very low-grade secondary minerals as indicators of palaeo-hydrothermal systems in the Upper Cretaceous volcanic succession of Hannah Point, Livingston Island, Antarctica. Applied Clay Science, 134. 246-256 doi:10.1016/j.clay.2016.07.025

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

References:

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Ferrosaponite

Formula: Ca_0.3(Fe²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O

Locality: Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Sorrell, Steve (n.d.) Personal communication.

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

Locality: Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Cox, C.

Ciocanelea, R.

Ralica Sabeva, Denitsa Apostolova: (2022) LA-ICP-MS study of pyrite and chalcopyrite from quartz-polymetallic veins in Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island, Antarctica. XXII International Congress of the CBGA, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 7–11 September 2022, Abstracts

Pride, D. (1980) Genesis of mineralization associated with Andean intrusions, northern Antarctic Peninsula region. Antarctic Journal of the U.S., 15(5), 22-23.

ⓘ 'Garnet Group'

Formula: X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Goethite

Formula: Fe³⁺O(OH)

References:

ⓘ Greigite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂S₄

Locality: Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

Description: Forms from conversion of iron monosulfide sublimates. Converts to framboidal pyrite.

References:

Agusto, Mariano R., Caselli, Alberto T., Alfonso, María Dos Santos (2004) Manifestaciones de piritas framboidales en fumarolasde la Isla Decepción (Antártida): Implicancias genéticas [Framboidal pyrite in fumaroles on Deception Island (Antarctica): Genetic implications]. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 59 (1) Buenos Aires.

ⓘ Halite

Formula: NaCl

Locality: Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

CASELLI, A.T. et al. Seismic activity and an anomalous fumarolic chemical composition due to seal effect in the volcanic system of Deception Island (Antarctica). Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2007, vol.62, n.4, pp. 545-552.

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

Localities:

Maldonado Base, Guayaquil Bay, Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Unnamed Cu-Mo deposit, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

Colour: rust-red

ⓘ Heulandite-Sr

Formula: (Sr,Na,Ca)₅(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 24H₂O

Locality: Fildes peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Soto, C., & Paz, G. (2014). Episodios metamórficos de muy bajo grado en rocas volcánicas básicas cenozoicas en Península Fildes, Isla King George, Islas Shetland del Sur, Antártica.

ⓘ 'Heulandite Subgroup'

Formula: (Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O

Localities:

Fildes peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Punta Hannah, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'

Formula: ◻Ca₂(Z²⁺₄Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂

ⓘ Hydrokenoralstonite

Formula: Na_0.5(Al,Mg)₂(F,OH)₆ · H₂O

Locality: Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

ⓘ Hydroxylapatite

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)

Localities:

ⓘ 'Hypersthene'

Formula: (Mg,Fe)SiO₃

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ 'Iddingsite'

References:

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Beyers peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Kaolinite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Locality: King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

www.colorado.edu/geolsci/jsedr/Abstracts/sep2001/Jeong.PDF.

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

Localities:

Barton Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Unnamed Cu-Mo deposit, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Laumontite

Formula: CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Fildes peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Low Head, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Punta Hannah, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Leucophosphite

Formula: KFe³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O

Localities:

ⓘ 'Limonite'

Locality: Keller Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Cox, C.

Ciocanelea, R.

Pride, D. (1980) Genesis of mineralization associated with Andean intrusions, northern Antarctic Peninsula region. Antarctic Journal of the U.S., 15(5), 22-23.

ⓘ Magnesite ?

Formula: MgCO₃

Locality: Unnamed Cu-Mo deposit, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

Localities:

Barton Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Unnamed Cu-Mo deposit, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Ezcurra Inlet, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄

Locality: Ezcurra Inlet, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Mozer, A. (2012). Pre-glacial sedimentary facies of the Point Thomas Formation (Eocene) at Cytadela, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, West Antarctica. Polish Polar Research, 33(1), 41-62.

ⓘ Mesolite

Formula: Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O

Locality: Fildes peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Soto, C., & Paz, G. (2014). Episodios metamórficos de muy bajo grado en rocas volcánicas básicas cenozoicas en Península Fildes, Isla King George, Islas Shetland del Sur, Antártica.

ⓘ Minyulite

Formula: KAl₂(PO₄)₂F · 4H₂O

Localities:

Llano Point, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Low Head, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Mogánite

Formula: SiO₂

Locality: Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Sorrell, Steve (n.d.) Personal communication.

ⓘ Molybdenite

Formula: MoS₂

Localities:

ⓘ Molysite

Formula: FeCl₃

Locality: Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

ⓘ Mordenite

Formula: (Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O

Localities:

Fildes peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Localities:

King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Barton Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Fildes peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Beyers peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite

Formula: K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂

Localities:

Fildes peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Beyers peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Barton Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Native Gold

Formula: Au

Locality: Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum

Formula: (Au,Ag)

Locality: Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

ⓘ Native Sulphur

Formula: S₈

Localities:

Barton Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Natrolite

Formula: Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O

Localities:

ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'

References:

ⓘ 'Petrified Wood'

Locality: Ezcurra Inlet, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Mozer, A. (2012). Pre-glacial sedimentary facies of the Point Thomas Formation (Eocene) at Cytadela, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, West Antarctica. Polish Polar Research, 33(1), 41-62.

ⓘ 'Phillipsite Subgroup'

Formula: (Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O

Locality: Punta Hannah, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

ⓘ 'Plagioclase'

Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Ezcurra Inlet, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Prehnite

Formula: Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Beyers peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ 'Pumpellyite Subgroup'

Formula: Ca₂XAl₂[Si₂O₆(OH)][SiO₄](OH)₂A

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Fildes peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.

ⓘ Pyrophyllite

Formula: Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

Locality: Barton Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Goldschmidt Conference: Journal of Conference Abstracts Volume 5(2), 1090

ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'

Formula: ADSi₂O₆

Localities:

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.

ⓘ Quartz var. Agate

Formula: SiO₂

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Collins Harbour, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony

Formula: SiO₂

Localities:

Habit: Massive.

Colour: colorless, white and gray,

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

Locality: Barton Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Goldschmidt Conference: Journal of Conference Abstracts Volume 5(2), 1090

ⓘ Saponite

Formula: Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Low Head, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Ezcurra Inlet, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Saponite var. Bowlingite

Formula: Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O

References:

ⓘ 'Saussurite'

Locality: King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Barton, C.M. (1965) The geology of the South Shetland Islands: III. The Stratigraphy of King George Island. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports, No.44, 33 pages plus plates.

ⓘ Schorl

Formula: NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)

References:

ⓘ Scolecite

Formula: CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 3H₂O

Locality: Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Birkenmajer K., Wieser T., Żabiński W. (1989) Zeolite associations from Tertiary basaltoids of King George Island, West Antarctica. Mineralogia Polonica, 20(1), 3-34.

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'

Formula: D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Siderite ?

Formula: FeCO₃

Locality: Unnamed Cu-Mo deposit, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

ⓘ 'Smectite Group'

Formula: A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Fildes peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Punta Hannah, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Spessartine

Formula: Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

Locality: Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

Locality: Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Cox, C.

Ciocanelea, R.

Pride, D. (1980) Genesis of mineralization associated with Andean intrusions, northern Antarctic Peninsula region. Antarctic Journal of the U.S., 15(5), 22-23.

ⓘ Spheniscidite (TL)

Formula: (NH₄,K)(Fe³⁺,Al)₂(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O

Type Locality:

Description: Derived from chloritic phyllites in an ornithogenetic soil associated with a penguin rookery.

References:

Wilson, M. J., Bain, D. C. (1976) Occurrence of leucophosphite in a soil from Elephant Island, British Antarctic Territory. American Mineralogist, 61 (9-10) 1027-1028

Wilson, M. J., Bain, D. C. (1986) Spheniscidite, a new phosphate mineral from Elephant Island, British Antarctic Territory. Mineralogical Magazine, 50 (356) 291-293 doi:10.1180/minmag.1986.050.356.14

ⓘ 'Stilbite Subgroup'

Formula: M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O

Localities:

Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Punta Hannah, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Struvite

Formula: (NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · 6H₂O

Localities:

ⓘ Sylvite

Formula: KCl

Locality: Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

ⓘ Talc

Formula: Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Taranakite

Formula: K₃Al₅(PO₃OH)₆(PO₄)₂ · 18H₂O

Locality: Low Head, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Tatur, A., & Barczuk, A. (1985). Ornithogenic phosphates on King George Island in the maritime Antarctic. In Antarctic nutrient cycles and food webs (pp. 163-168). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Proc. NIPR Symp. Polar Biol., 3,133-150(1990)

ⓘ 'Thomsonite Subgroup'

Locality: Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Birkenmajer K., Wieser T., Żabiński W. (1989) Zeolite associations from Tertiary basaltoids of King George Island, West Antarctica. Mineralogia Polonica, 20(1), 3-34.

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTi(SiO₄)O

Localities:

South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Beyers peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ 'Tourmaline'

Formula: AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z

Localities:

Barton Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica
Unnamed Cu-Mo deposit, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

ⓘ Tridymite

Formula: SiO₂

Locality: Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Barth, T.F.W. and Kvalheim, A. (1944): Christensenite, a solid solution of nepheline in tridymite. Det norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo, Scientific Results of the Norwegian Antartic expeditions 1927-1928 et sqq, instituted and financed by Consul Lars Christensen 22: 1-9

ⓘ Tridymite var. Christensenite

Formula: SiO₂

Locality: Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

ⓘ Vermiculite

Formula: Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O

Locality: Fildes peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Soto, C., & Paz, G. (2014). Episodios metamórficos de muy bajo grado en rocas volcánicas básicas cenozoicas en Península Fildes, Isla King George, Islas Shetland del Sur, Antártica.

ⓘ Weberite

Formula: Na₂Mg[AlF₆]F

Locality: Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

ⓘ 'Zeolite Group'

Locality: Beyers peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Smelle, JL, Davie, R. E. S. and Thomson, M. R. A. (1980) Geology of a Mesozoic Intra-arc Sequence on Bters Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands. British Antartica Survey, 50:55-76

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

References:

ⓘ Zunyite

Formula: Al₁₃Si₅O₂₀(OH,F)₁₈Cl

Locality: Barton Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

References:

Goldschmidt Conference: Journal of Conference Abstracts Volume 5(2), 1090

Gallery:

(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)ⓘ Epidote

Epidote

Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

Epidote

Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

Epidote

Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

SiO₂ⓘ Quartz

Quartz, etc.

Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

Quartz, etc.

Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

Quartz, etc.

Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

SiO₂ⓘ Quartz var. Agate

Agate

King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

Agate

King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

Agate

King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, Antarctica

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Gold var. Electrum	1.AA.05	(Au,Ag)
ⓘ		1.AA.05	Au
ⓘ	Native Sulphur	1.CC.05	S₈
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Bornite	2.BA.15	Cu₅FeS₄
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Greigite	2.DA.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂S₄
ⓘ	Molybdenite	2.EA.30	MoS₂
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Halite	3.AA.20	NaCl
ⓘ	Sylvite	3.AA.20	KCl
ⓘ	Molysite	3.AC.10	FeCl₃
ⓘ	Chloraluminite	3.BC.05	AlCl₃ · 6H₂O
ⓘ	Weberite	3.CB.25	Na₂Mg[AlF₆]F
ⓘ	Hydrokenoralstonite	3.CF.05	Na_0.5(Al,Mg)₂(F,OH)₆ · H₂O
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Goethite	4.00.	Fe³⁺O(OH)
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
ⓘ	Corundum	4.CB.05	Al₂O₃
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Quartz var. Agate	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Chalcedony	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ		4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Tridymite	4.DA.10	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Christensenite	4.DA.10	SiO₂
ⓘ	Mogánite	4.DA.20	SiO₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Diaspore	4.FD.10	AlO(OH)
ⓘ	Brucite	4.FE.05	Mg(OH)₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Magnesite ?	5.AB.05	MgCO₃
ⓘ	Siderite ?	5.AB.05	FeCO₃
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Baryte	7.AD.35	BaSO₄
ⓘ	Alunite	7.BC.10	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Hydroxylapatite	8.BN.05	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
ⓘ	Taranakite	8.CH.25	K₃Al₅(PO₃OH)₆(PO₄)₂ · 18H₂O
ⓘ	Struvite	8.CH.40	(NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · 6H₂O
ⓘ	'Arctowskite'	8.DB.52	Al₉(PO₄)₈(OH)₃ · 27H₂O
ⓘ	Minyulite	8.DH.05	KAl₂(PO₄)₂F · 4H₂O
ⓘ	Leucophosphite	8.DH.10	KFe³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Spheniscidite (TL)	8.DH.10	(NH₄,K)(Fe³⁺,Al)₂(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Almandine	9.AD.25	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Spessartine	9.AD.25	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Andalusite	9.AF.10	Al₂(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTi(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Clinozoisite	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Zunyite	9.BJ.55	Al₁₃Si₅O₂₀(OH,F)₁₈Cl
ⓘ	Schorl	9.CK.05	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
ⓘ	Enstatite	9.DA.05	Mg₂Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Augite	9.DA.15	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Diopside	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Aerinite	9.DB.45	(Ca_5.1Na_0.5)(Fe³⁺,Al,Fe²⁺,Mg)₄(Al,Mg)₆[HSi₁₂O₃₆(OH)₁₂][(CO₃)_1.2(H₂O)₁₂]
ⓘ	Actinolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Prehnite	9.DP.20	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Talc	9.EC.05	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Pyrophyllite	9.EC.10	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Celadonite	9.EC.15	K(MgFe³⁺◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite var. Illite	9.EC.15	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
ⓘ		9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	var. Sericite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Saponite	9.EC.45	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	var. Bowlingite	9.EC.45	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Ferrosaponite	9.EC.45	Ca_0.3(Fe²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
ⓘ	Vermiculite	9.EC.50	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Clinochlore	9.EC.55	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
ⓘ	var. Diabantite	9.EC.55	(Mg,Fe,Al)₆((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₈
ⓘ	Kaolinite	9.ED.05	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Anorthite	9.FA.35	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
ⓘ	var. Bytownite	9.FA.35	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ	var. Labradorite	9.FA.35	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ	Albite var. Oligoclase	9.FA.35	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ	'Zeolite Group'	9.G0.
ⓘ	Mesolite	9.GA.05	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Natrolite	9.GA.05	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Scolecite	9.GA.05	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 3H₂O
ⓘ	Analcime	9.GB.05	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
ⓘ	Laumontite	9.GB.10	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
ⓘ	Chabazite-K	9.GD.10	(K₂,Ca,Na₂,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
ⓘ	Mordenite	9.GD.35	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
ⓘ	Epistilbite	9.GD.45	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O
ⓘ	Heulandite-Sr	9.GE.05	(Sr,Na,Ca)₅(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 24H₂O
ⓘ	Cowlesite	9.GG.05	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 6H₂O
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Amphibole Supergroup'	-	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
ⓘ	'Apophyllite Group'	-	AB₄[Si₈O₂₀]X · 8H₂O
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Chabazite'	-
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Clinoptilolite Subgroup'	-	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
ⓘ	'Crossite'	-
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group'	-
ⓘ	'Heulandite Subgroup'	-	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
ⓘ	'Hypersthene'	-	(Mg,Fe)SiO₃
ⓘ	'Limonite'	-
ⓘ	'Phillipsite Subgroup'	-	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
ⓘ	'Pumpellyite Subgroup'	-	Ca₂XAl₂[Si₂O₆(OH)][SiO₄](OH)₂A
ⓘ	'Stilbite Subgroup'	-	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
ⓘ	'Tourmaline'	-	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
ⓘ	'Iddingsite'	-
ⓘ	'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Petrified Wood'	-
ⓘ	'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Hornblende Root Name Group'	-	◻Ca₂(Z²⁺₄Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂
ⓘ	'Plagioclase'	-	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Pyroxene Group'	-	ADSi₂O₆
ⓘ	'Garnet Group'	-	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Smectite Group'	-	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	'Serpentine Subgroup'	-	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
ⓘ	'Saussurite'	-
ⓘ	'Thomsonite Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ	'Faujasite Subgroup'	-	M_3.5[Al₇Si₁₇O₄₈] · 32H₂O
ⓘ	'Allanite Group'	-	(A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Aerinite	(Ca_5.1Na_0.5)(Fe³⁺,Al,Fe²⁺,Mg)₄(Al,Mg)₆[HSi₁₂O₃₆(OH)₁₂][(CO₃)_1.2(H₂O)₁₂]
H	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
H	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
H	ⓘ Apophyllite Group	AB₄[Si₈O₂₀]X · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Brucite	Mg(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Celadonite	K(MgFe³⁺◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Chloraluminite	AlCl₃ · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
H	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
H	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Cowlesite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Diabantite	(Mg,Fe,Al)₆((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₈
H	ⓘ Diaspore	AlO(OH)
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Epistilbite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O
H	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
H	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Leucophosphite	KFe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Minyulite	KAl₂(PO₄)₂F · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Phillipsite Subgroup	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Pumpellyite Subgroup	Ca₂XAl₂[Si₂O₆(OH)][SiO₄](OH)₂A
H	ⓘ Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Hydrokenoralstonite	Na_0.5(Al,Mg)₂(F,OH)₆ · H₂O
H	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Scolecite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Spheniscidite	(NH₄,K)(Fe³⁺,Al)₂(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Struvite	(NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Taranakite	K₃Al₅(PO₃OH)₆(PO₄)₂ · 18H₂O
H	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Zunyite	Al₁₃Si₅O₂₀(OH,F)₁₈Cl
H	ⓘ Chabazite-K	(K₂,Ca,Na₂,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Heulandite-Sr	(Sr,Na,Ca)₅(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 24H₂O
H	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(Z₄²⁺Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Smectite Group	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
H	ⓘ Saponite var. Bowlingite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Ferrosaponite	Ca_0.3(Fe²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
H	ⓘ Arctowskite	Al₉(PO₄)₈(OH)₃ · 27H₂O
H	ⓘ Faujasite Subgroup	M_3.5[Al₇Si₁₇O₄₈] · 32H₂O
H	ⓘ Allanite Group	(A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
B	Boron
B	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
B	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Aerinite	(Ca_5.1Na_0.5)(Fe³⁺,Al,Fe²⁺,Mg)₄(Al,Mg)₆[HSi₁₂O₃₆(OH)₁₂][(CO₃)_1.2(H₂O)₁₂]
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
C	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
N	Nitrogen
N	ⓘ Spheniscidite	(NH₄,K)(Fe³⁺,Al)₂(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
N	ⓘ Struvite	(NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · 6H₂O
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Aerinite	(Ca_5.1Na_0.5)(Fe³⁺,Al,Fe²⁺,Mg)₄(Al,Mg)₆[HSi₁₂O₃₆(OH)₁₂][(CO₃)_1.2(H₂O)₁₂]
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Agate	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
O	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
O	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
O	ⓘ Apophyllite Group	AB₄[Si₈O₂₀]X · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Brucite	Mg(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Celadonite	K(MgFe³⁺◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Chloraluminite	AlCl₃ · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
O	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
O	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Corundum	Al₂O₃
O	ⓘ Cowlesite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Diabantite	(Mg,Fe,Al)₆((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₈
O	ⓘ Diaspore	AlO(OH)
O	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Epistilbite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O
O	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Hypersthene	(Mg,Fe)SiO₃
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Leucophosphite	KFe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Minyulite	KAl₂(PO₄)₂F · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Mogánite	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Phillipsite Subgroup	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Pumpellyite Subgroup	Ca₂XAl₂[Si₂O₆(OH)][SiO₄](OH)₂A
O	ⓘ Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Hydrokenoralstonite	Na_0.5(Al,Mg)₂(F,OH)₆ · H₂O
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Scolecite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
O	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Spheniscidite	(NH₄,K)(Fe³⁺,Al)₂(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Struvite	(NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Taranakite	K₃Al₅(PO₃OH)₆(PO₄)₂ · 18H₂O
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
O	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
O	ⓘ Tridymite	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Zunyite	Al₁₃Si₅O₂₀(OH,F)₁₈Cl
O	ⓘ Chabazite-K	(K₂,Ca,Na₂,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Heulandite-Sr	(Sr,Na,Ca)₅(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 24H₂O
O	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
O	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(Z₄²⁺Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
O	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Smectite Group	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
O	ⓘ Saponite var. Bowlingite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Ferrosaponite	Ca_0.3(Fe²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
O	ⓘ Arctowskite	Al₉(PO₄)₈(OH)₃ · 27H₂O
O	ⓘ Faujasite Subgroup	M_3.5[Al₇Si₁₇O₄₈] · 32H₂O
O	ⓘ Tridymite var. Christensenite	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Allanite Group	(A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
F	ⓘ Minyulite	KAl₂(PO₄)₂F · 4H₂O
F	ⓘ Hydrokenoralstonite	Na_0.5(Al,Mg)₂(F,OH)₆ · H₂O
F	ⓘ Weberite	Na₂Mg[AlF₆]F
F	ⓘ Zunyite	Al₁₃Si₅O₂₀(OH,F)₁₈Cl
F	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(Z₄²⁺Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂
F	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Aerinite	(Ca_5.1Na_0.5)(Fe³⁺,Al,Fe²⁺,Mg)₄(Al,Mg)₆[HSi₁₂O₃₆(OH)₁₂][(CO₃)_1.2(H₂O)₁₂]
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Na	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
Na	ⓘ Halite	NaCl
Na	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
Na	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
Na	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
Na	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Na	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Phillipsite Subgroup	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
Na	ⓘ Hydrokenoralstonite	Na_0.5(Al,Mg)₂(F,OH)₆ · H₂O
Na	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Na	ⓘ Weberite	Na₂Mg[AlF₆]F
Na	ⓘ Chabazite-K	(K₂,Ca,Na₂,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Na	ⓘ Heulandite-Sr	(Sr,Na,Ca)₅(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 24H₂O
Na	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Aerinite	(Ca_5.1Na_0.5)(Fe³⁺,Al,Fe²⁺,Mg)₄(Al,Mg)₆[HSi₁₂O₃₆(OH)₁₂][(CO₃)_1.2(H₂O)₁₂]
Mg	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Brucite	Mg(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Celadonite	K(MgFe³⁺◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Mg	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Diabantite	(Mg,Fe,Al)₆((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₈
Mg	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Hypersthene	(Mg,Fe)SiO₃
Mg	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
Mg	ⓘ Hydrokenoralstonite	Na_0.5(Al,Mg)₂(F,OH)₆ · H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Mg	ⓘ Struvite	(NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · 6H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Weberite	Na₂Mg[AlF₆]F
Mg	ⓘ Chabazite-K	(K₂,Ca,Na₂,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Mg	ⓘ Saponite var. Bowlingite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Mg	ⓘ Ferrosaponite	Ca_0.3(Fe²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Aerinite	(Ca_5.1Na_0.5)(Fe³⁺,Al,Fe²⁺,Mg)₄(Al,Mg)₆[HSi₁₂O₃₆(OH)₁₂][(CO₃)_1.2(H₂O)₁₂]
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Al	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Al	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Al	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Al	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Al	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Chloraluminite	AlCl₃ · 6H₂O
Al	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Al	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
Al	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Corundum	Al₂O₃
Al	ⓘ Cowlesite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 6H₂O
Al	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Diabantite	(Mg,Fe,Al)₆((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₈
Al	ⓘ Diaspore	AlO(OH)
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Epistilbite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O
Al	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
Al	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
Al	ⓘ Minyulite	KAl₂(PO₄)₂F · 4H₂O
Al	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Al	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Phillipsite Subgroup	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
Al	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Pumpellyite Subgroup	Ca₂XAl₂[Si₂O₆(OH)][SiO₄](OH)₂A
Al	ⓘ Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Hydrokenoralstonite	Na_0.5(Al,Mg)₂(F,OH)₆ · H₂O
Al	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Scolecite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 3H₂O
Al	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Al	ⓘ Spheniscidite	(NH₄,K)(Fe³⁺,Al)₂(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
Al	ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Taranakite	K₃Al₅(PO₃OH)₆(PO₄)₂ · 18H₂O
Al	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Al	ⓘ Weberite	Na₂Mg[AlF₆]F
Al	ⓘ Zunyite	Al₁₃Si₅O₂₀(OH,F)₁₈Cl
Al	ⓘ Chabazite-K	(K₂,Ca,Na₂,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Al	ⓘ Heulandite-Sr	(Sr,Na,Ca)₅(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 24H₂O
Al	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(Z₄²⁺Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Al	ⓘ Saponite var. Bowlingite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Ferrosaponite	Ca_0.3(Fe²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
Al	ⓘ Arctowskite	Al₉(PO₄)₈(OH)₃ · 27H₂O
Al	ⓘ Faujasite Subgroup	M_3.5[Al₇Si₁₇O₄₈] · 32H₂O
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Aerinite	(Ca_5.1Na_0.5)(Fe³⁺,Al,Fe²⁺,Mg)₄(Al,Mg)₆[HSi₁₂O₃₆(OH)₁₂][(CO₃)_1.2(H₂O)₁₂]
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Agate	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Si	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Si	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Si	ⓘ Apophyllite Group	AB₄[Si₈O₂₀]X · 8H₂O
Si	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Celadonite	K(MgFe³⁺◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Si	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
Si	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Cowlesite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 6H₂O
Si	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Diabantite	(Mg,Fe,Al)₆((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₈
Si	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Epistilbite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O
Si	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Hypersthene	(Mg,Fe)SiO₃
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
Si	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
Si	ⓘ Mogánite	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Si	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Phillipsite Subgroup	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Pumpellyite Subgroup	Ca₂XAl₂[Si₂O₆(OH)][SiO₄](OH)₂A
Si	ⓘ Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Scolecite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 3H₂O
Si	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Tridymite	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Zunyite	Al₁₃Si₅O₂₀(OH,F)₁₈Cl
Si	ⓘ Chabazite-K	(K₂,Ca,Na₂,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Heulandite-Sr	(Sr,Na,Ca)₅(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 24H₂O
Si	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Si	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(Z₄²⁺Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Saponite var. Bowlingite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Ferrosaponite	Ca_0.3(Fe²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
Si	ⓘ Faujasite Subgroup	M_3.5[Al₇Si₁₇O₄₈] · 32H₂O
Si	ⓘ Tridymite var. Christensenite	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Allanite Group	(A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
P	ⓘ Leucophosphite	KFe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
P	ⓘ Minyulite	KAl₂(PO₄)₂F · 4H₂O
P	ⓘ Spheniscidite	(NH₄,K)(Fe³⁺,Al)₂(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
P	ⓘ Struvite	(NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · 6H₂O
P	ⓘ Taranakite	K₃Al₅(PO₃OH)₆(PO₄)₂ · 18H₂O
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
P	ⓘ Arctowskite	Al₉(PO₄)₈(OH)₃ · 27H₂O
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
S	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Greigite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺S₄
S	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Native Sulphur	S₈
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Cl	ⓘ Chloraluminite	AlCl₃ · 6H₂O
Cl	ⓘ Halite	NaCl
Cl	ⓘ Molysite	FeCl₃
Cl	ⓘ Sylvite	KCl
Cl	ⓘ Zunyite	Al₁₃Si₅O₂₀(OH,F)₁₈Cl
Cl	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(Z₄²⁺Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂
Cl	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Celadonite	K(MgFe³⁺◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
K	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
K	ⓘ Leucophosphite	KFe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
K	ⓘ Minyulite	KAl₂(PO₄)₂F · 4H₂O
K	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Phillipsite Subgroup	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
K	ⓘ Spheniscidite	(NH₄,K)(Fe³⁺,Al)₂(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
K	ⓘ Sylvite	KCl
K	ⓘ Taranakite	K₃Al₅(PO₃OH)₆(PO₄)₂ · 18H₂O
K	ⓘ Chabazite-K	(K₂,Ca,Na₂,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Aerinite	(Ca_5.1Na_0.5)(Fe³⁺,Al,Fe²⁺,Mg)₄(Al,Mg)₆[HSi₁₂O₃₆(OH)₁₂][(CO₃)_1.2(H₂O)₁₂]
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Ca	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Cowlesite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 6H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Epistilbite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
Ca	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Phillipsite Subgroup	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Pumpellyite Subgroup	Ca₂XAl₂[Si₂O₆(OH)][SiO₄](OH)₂A
Ca	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Ca	ⓘ Scolecite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 3H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ca	ⓘ Chabazite-K	(K₂,Ca,Na₂,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Heulandite-Sr	(Sr,Na,Ca)₅(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 24H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(Z₄²⁺Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂
Ca	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Ca	ⓘ Saponite var. Bowlingite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Ca	ⓘ Ferrosaponite	Ca_0.3(Fe²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ti	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Aerinite	(Ca_5.1Na_0.5)(Fe³⁺,Al,Fe²⁺,Mg)₄(Al,Mg)₆[HSi₁₂O₃₆(OH)₁₂][(CO₃)_1.2(H₂O)₁₂]
Fe	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Fe	ⓘ Celadonite	K(MgFe³⁺◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Diabantite	(Mg,Fe,Al)₆((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₈
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Greigite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺S₄
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Hypersthene	(Mg,Fe)SiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Leucophosphite	KFe₂³⁺(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Molysite	FeCl₃
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Fe	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
Fe	ⓘ Spheniscidite	(NH₄,K)(Fe³⁺,Al)₂(PO₄)₂(OH) · 2H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Fe	ⓘ Saponite var. Bowlingite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Fe	ⓘ Ferrosaponite	Ca_0.3(Fe²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Sr	Strontium
Sr	ⓘ Chabazite-K	(K₂,Ca,Na₂,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Sr	ⓘ Heulandite-Sr	(Sr,Na,Ca)₅(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 24H₂O
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Mo	Molybdenum
Mo	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Ba	Barium
Ba	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
Ba	ⓘ Phillipsite Subgroup	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
Au	Gold
Au	ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Au	ⓘ Native Gold	Au
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS

Fossils

There are 521 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences

521

Youngest Fossil Listed

0.01 Ma (Pleistocene)

Oldest Fossil Listed

516 Ma (Cambrian)

Stratigraphic Units

Click here to view 10 stratigraphic units.

Fossils from Region

Click here to show the list.

Accepted Name	Hierarchy	Age
Khasaktia genus	Animalia : Porifera : Stromatoporoidea : *Khasaktia*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Heteractinida class	Animalia : Porifera : Heteractinida	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Gravestockia genus	Animalia : Porifera : Calcarea : Lithonida : *Gravestockia*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Tumuliolynthus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Monocyathida : *Tumuliolynthus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Ajacicyathus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Ajacicyathida : *Ajacicyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Anaptyctocyathus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Ajacicyathida : *Anaptyctocyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Aporosocyathus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Ajacicyathida : *Aporosocyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Bractocyathus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Ajacicyathida : *Bractocyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Diplocyathellus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Ajacicyathida : *Diplocyathellus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Dokidocyathus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Ajacicyathida : *Dokidocyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Erismacoscinus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Ajacicyathida : *Erismacoscinus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Erugatocyathus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Ajacicyathida : *Erugatocyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Leptosocyathus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Ajacicyathida : *Leptosocyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Mennericyathus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Ajacicyathida : *Mennericyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Prethmophyllum genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Ajacicyathida : *Prethmophyllum*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Putapacyathus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Ajacicyathida : *Putapacyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Stapicyathus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Ajacicyathida : *Stapicyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Thalamocyathus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Ajacicyathida : *Thalamocyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Veronicacyathus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Ajacicyathida : *Veronicacyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Archaeopharetra genus	Animalia : Porifera : Archaeocyathidae : *Archaeopharetra*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Kruseicnema genus	Animalia : Porifera : Irregulares : Archaeocyathida : *Kruseicnema*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Metaldetes genus	Animalia : Porifera : Archaeocyathidae : *Metaldetes*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Paranacyathus genus	Pycnoidocyathidae : *Paranacyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Pseudosyringocnema genus	Animalia : Porifera : Irregulares : Archaeocyathida : *Pseudosyringocnema*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Pycnoidocyathus genus	Pycnoidocyathidae : *Pycnoidocyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Syringocnema genus	Animalia : Porifera : Irregulares : Archaeocyathida : *Syringocnema*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Bija genus	Animalia : Problematica : *Bija*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Struthiolaria genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Struthiolariidae : *Struthiolaria*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Nassa genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Nassa*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Nucula (Pronucula) subgenus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculida : Nuculidae : Nucula : *Nucula (Pronucula)*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Dacrydium genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : *Dacrydium*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Eburneopecten genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : *Eburneopecten*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Inoceramus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myalinida : Inoceramidae : *Inoceramus*	145 - 139.8 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Manticula genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pergamidiidae : *Manticula*	145 - 139.8 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Ostrea genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : *Ostraea*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Praeaucellina genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : *Praeaucellina*	145 - 132.9 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Chlamys (Swiftopecten) subgenus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Chlamys : *Chlamys (Swiftopecten)*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Cyclocardia (Arcturellina) subgenus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Carditidae : Cyclocardia : *Cyclocardia (Arcturellina)*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Costokidderia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Cyamiidae : *Kidderia*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Perrierina genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Cyamiidae : *Perrierina*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Pleuromeris genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Carditidae : *Pleuromeris*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Spissatella genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Crassatellidae : *Spissatella*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Timoclea genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : *Timoclea*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Trapezium genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Trapezidae : *Trapezium*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Atlanticythere genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : *Atlanticythere*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Bythocypris genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Bythocyprididae : *Bythocypris*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Copytus genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Neocytherideididae : *Copytus*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Cytheropteron genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cytheruridae : *Cytheropteron*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Hemicytheridea genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Hemicytheridae : *Hemicytheridea*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Hemicytherura genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cytheruridae : *Hemicytherura*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Loxoconcha genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Loxoconchidae : *Loxoconcha*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Paijenborchella genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cytheridae : *Paijenborchella*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Quadracythere genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Thaerocytheridae : *Quadracythere*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Reussicythere genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Hemicytheridae : *Reussicythere*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Eucythere (Rotundracythere) subgenus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cytherideidae : Eucythere : *Eucythere (Rotundracythere)*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Xestoleberis genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Xestoleberididae : *Xestoleberis*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Crisisina genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomatida : Tubuliporidae : *Crisisina*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Fasciculipora genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomatida : Frondiporidae : *Fasciculipora*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Heteropora genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomatida : Heteroporidae : *Heteropora*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Hornera genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomatida : Horneridae : *Hornera*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Idmonea genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomatida : Idmoneidae : *Idmonea*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Lichenopora genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomatida : Lichenoporidae : *Lichenopora*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Melicerita genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomata : *Melicerita*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Spiropora genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomatida : Diastoporidae : *Spiropora*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Tubulipora genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomatida : Tubuliporidae : *Tubulipora*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Adeonella genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Adeonidae : *Adeonella*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Batopora genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Batoporidae : *Batopora*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Beisselina genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Tessaradomidae : *Beisselina*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Bracebridgia genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Adeonidae : *Bracebridgia*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Callopora genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Calloporidae : *Callopora*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Cellaria genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Cellariidae : *Cellaria*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Cellepora genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Celleporidae : *Cellepora*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Celleporaria genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Lepraliellidae : *Celleporaria*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Cryptosula genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Cryptosulidae : *Cryptosula*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Cyclicopora genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Cyclicoporidae : *Cyclicopora*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Cyclocolposa genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Bryocryptellidae : *Cyclocolposa*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Cyphonella genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Porinidae : *Cyphonella*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Discoporella genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Cupuladriidae : *Discoporella*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Erinella genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Cellariidae : *Erinella*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Escharella genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Romancheinidae : *Escharella*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Exochella genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Exochellidae : *Exochella*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Hemicyclopora genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Romancheinidae : *Hemicyclopora*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Hippopozoon genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Phidoloporidae : *Hippopozoon*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Pasythea genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Pasytheidae : *Pasythea*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Poricellaria genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Poricellariidae : *Poricellaria*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Romancheina genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Romancheinidae : *Romancheina*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Schizoporella genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomata : Schizoporellidae : *Schizoporella*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Smittina genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Smittinidae : *Smittina*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Tretosina genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Calescharidae : *Tretosina*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Stercorarius genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Stercorariidae : *Stercorarius*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Cyrtochetus bucciniformis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : Cyrtochetus : *Cyrtochetus bucciniformis*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Rhamnaceae family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Rosales : Rhamnaceae	55.8 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Cyatheaceae family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Cyatheales : Cyatheaceae	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Phyllites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : *Phyllites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Araucariaceae family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Araucariaceae	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Bryopsida class	Plantae : Bryophyta : Bryopsida	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Dicotylophyllum genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : *Dicotylophyllum*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Osmunda genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Osmundales : Osmundaceae : *Osmunda*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cycadales order	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Dryopteris genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Polypodiales : Dryopteridaceae : *Dryopteris*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Elatocladus genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : *Elatocladus*	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Myrciophyllum genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Myrtales : Myrtaceae : *Myrciophyllum*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cladophlebis genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Osmundales : Osmundaceae : *Cladophlebis*	125 - 66 Ma Cretaceous
Sphenopteris genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Lyginopteridaceae : *Sphenopteris*	125 - 66 Ma Cretaceous
Phyllopteroides genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales : *Phyllopteroides*	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Araucaria genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Araucariaceae : *Araucaria*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Taeniopteris genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales : Crossozamiaceae : *Taeniopteris*	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Araucarites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Araucariaceae : *Araucarites*	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Arctocephalus gazella species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Arctocephalus : *Arctocephalus gazella*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Mirounga leonina species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Mirounga : *Mirounga leonina*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Leptonychotes weddelli species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Leptonychotes : *Leptonychotes weddelli*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Anatipopecten anatipes species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Chlamys : *Anatipopecten anatipes*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Culcita genus	Animalia : Echinodermata : Asteroidea : Valvatida : Oreasteridae : *Culcita*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Diastopora genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomatida : Plagioeciidae : *Diastopora*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Chlamys (Chlamys) subgenus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Chlamys : *Chlamys (Chlamys)*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Girvanella genus	Bacteria : Cyanobacteria : Cyanophyceae : Porostromataceae : *Girvanella*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Spirocyathella genus	Animalia : Porifera : Irregulares : Archaeocyathida : *Spirocyathella*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Naimarkcyathus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Irregulares : Archaeocyathida : *Naimarkcyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Chabakovicyathus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Ajacicyathida : *Chabakovicyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Radiocyathus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Heteractinida : Hetairacyathida : Hetairacyathidae : *Radiocyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Acanthinocyathus genus	Animalia : Porifera : Regulares : Acanthinocyathida : Acanthinocyathidae : *Acanthinocyathus*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Trachycardium puelchum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Trachycardium : *Trachycardium puelchum*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Cardium pisum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Cardium : *Cardium pisum*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Polinices subtenuis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : Polinices : *Polinices subtenuis*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Mytilus magellanicus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Mytilus : *Mytilus magellanicus*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Eurhomalea antarctica species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Eurhomalea : *Eurhomalea antarctica*	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Eurhomalea newtoni species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Eurhomalea : *Eurhomalea newtoni*	23.03 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Jorgechlamys centralis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Jorgechlamys : *Jorgechlamys centralis*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Austrochlamys anderssoni species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Austrochlamys : *Austrochlamys anderssoni*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Nuculana oxyrhyncha species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculanida : Nuculanidae : Nuculana : *Nuculana oxyrhyncha*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Eucrassatella (Eucrassatella) subgenus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Crassatellidae : Eucrassatella : *Eucrassatella (Eucrassatella)*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Mactra irizari species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Mactridae : Mactra : *Mactra irizari*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Gari (Psammobia) patagonica species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Psammobiidae : Gari : *Gari (Psammobia) patagonica*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Corbula (Varicorbula) hatcheri species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadida : Corbulidae : Corbula : *Corbula (Varicorbula) hatcheri*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Panopea undatoides species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hiatellida : Hiatellidae : Panopea : *Panopea undatoides*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Panopea (Panopea) regularis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hiatellida : Hiatellidae : Panopea : *Panopea (Panopea) regularis*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Struthiolarella nordenskjoeldi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Struthiolariidae : Perissodonta : *Struthiolarella nordenskjoeldi*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Struthiolaria hatcheri species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Struthiolariidae : Struthiolaria : *Struthiolaria hatcheri*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Trophon disparoides species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Trophon : *Trophon disparoides*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Acteon semilaevis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Acteonidae : Acteon : *Acteon semilaevis*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Petaloconchus intortus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Vermetidae : Petaloconchus : *Petaloconchus intortus*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Limopsis insolita species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Limopsidae : Limopsis : *Limopsis insolita*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Neolagenipora genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Romancheinidae : *Neolagenipora*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Renalcis genus	Bacteria : Cyanobacteria : *Renalcis*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Pecopteris genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Marattiales : Asterothecaceae : *Pecopteris*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Phalcocythere (Otarocythere) subgenus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : Phalcocythere : *Phalcocythere (Otarocythere)*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Falsobuntonia genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : *Falsobuntonia*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Neobuntonia genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Hemicytheridae : *Neobuntonia*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Oculocytheropteron genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cytheruridae : *Oculocytheropteron*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Loxocauda genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Loxoconchidae : *Loxocauda*	33.9 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Pygoscelis papua species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Sphenisciformes : Spheniscidae : Pygoscelis : *Pygoscelis papua*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Gleichenia genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Gleicheniales : Gleicheniaceae : *Gleichenia*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cyatheales order	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Cyatheales	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Polypodiales order	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Polypodiales	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cyclopecten guppyi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Propeamussiidae : Cyclopecten : *Cyclopecten guppyi*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Millerocaulis genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Osmundales : Osmundaceae : *Millerocaulis*	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Psilatricolpites genus	Plantae : Magnoliophyta : *Psilatricolpites*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Retitricolpites genus	Plantae : Magnoliophyta : *Retitricolpites*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Laevigatosporites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : *Laevigatosporites*	83.5 - 23.03 Ma Phanerozoic
Podocarpidites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : *Podocarpidites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Inaperturopollenites genus	Cupressales : *Inaperturopollenites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Tricolpites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : *Tricolpites*	145 - 66 Ma Cretaceous
Diporicellaesporites genus	*Diporicellaesporites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pluricellaesporites genus	Fungi : *Pluricellaesporites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Retitricolporites genus	Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : *Retitricolporites*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Blechnum genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Polypodiales : Blechnaceae : *Blechnum*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nothofagus genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Nothofagaceae : *Nothofagus*	83.5 - 23.03 Ma Phanerozoic
Liliacidites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Liliales : *Liliacidites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ephedripites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Gnetopsida : Ephedrales : Ephedraceae : *Ephedripites*	55.8 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Nothofagoxylon genus	Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Nothofagaceae : *Nothofagoxylon*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Microcachryidites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : *Microcachryidites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Phyllocladidites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : *Phyllocladidites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nothofagidites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : *Nothofagidites*	145 - 66 Ma Cretaceous
Cyathidites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : *Cyathidites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cyathidites minor species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cyathidites : *Cyathidites minor*	145 - 66 Ma Cretaceous
Leiotriletes genus	Plantae : *Leiotriletes*	83.5 - 23.03 Ma Phanerozoic
Cyathidites australis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cyathidites : *Cyathidites australis*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Deltoidospora genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : *Deltoidospora*	145 - 66 Ma Cretaceous
Deltoidospora hallii species	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : Deltoidospora : *Deltoidospora hallii*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Undulatisporites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Schizaeales : Schizaeaceae : *Undulatisporites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Osmundacidites genus	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : *Osmundacidites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Klukisporites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Schizaeales : Schizaeaceae : *Klukisporites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Polypodiaceoisporites genus	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : *Polypodiaceoisporites*	55.8 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Gleicheniidites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Gleicheniales : Gleicheniaceae : *Gleicheniidites*	145 - 66 Ma Cretaceous
Gleicheniidites senonicus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Gleicheniales : Gleicheniaceae : Gleicheniidites : *Gleicheniidites senonicus*	145 - 66 Ma Cretaceous
Laevigatosporites ovatus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Laevigatosporites : *Laevigatosporites ovatus*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Polypodiisporites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Polypodiales : *Polypodiisporites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Polypodiisporites favus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Polypodiales : Polypodiisporites : *Polypodiisporites favus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Biretisporites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Schizaeales : Schizaeaceae : *Biretisporites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicifera genus	*Plicifera*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicifera delicata species	Plicifera : *Plicifera delicata*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Podocarpidites ellipticus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : Podocarpidites : *Podocarpidites ellipticus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Podocarpidites marwickii species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : Podocarpidites : *Podocarpidites marwickii*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Triorites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : *Triorites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Malvacipollis genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : *Malvacipollis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gnetaceaepollenites genus	*Gnetaceaepollenites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Myrtaceidites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Myrtales : *Myrtaceidites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nothofagidites fuegiensis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Nothofagidites : *Nothofagidites fuegiensis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Baltisphaeridium genus	Chromista : Myzozoa : Dinophyceae : *Baltisphaeridium*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Laurelia genus	*Laurelia*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Podocarpus genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : *Podocarpus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Mespilodaphne longifolia species	Mespilodaphne : *Mespilodaphne longifolia*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cyatheacidites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Cyatheales : *Cyatheacidites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cyatheacidites annulatus species	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : Cyatheales : Cyatheacidites : *Cyatheacidites annulatus*	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Ischyosporites genus	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : *Ischyosporites*	55.8 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Verrucosisporites genus	Plantae : *Verrucosisporites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Araucariacites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Araucariaceae : *Araucariacites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Araucariacites australis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Araucariaceae : Araucariacites : *Araucariacites australis*	145 - 66 Ma Cretaceous
Trisaccites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : *Trisaccites*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Clavatipollenites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Chloranthales : Chloranthaceae : *Clavatipollenites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Proteacidites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Proteales : *Proteacidites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Botryococcus genus	Plantae : Chlorophyta : Trebouxiophyceae : Trebouxiales : Botryococcaceae : *Botryococcus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nothofagidites cincta species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Nothofagidites : *Nothofagidites cincta*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Gothanipollis bassensis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Santalales : Loranthaceae : Gothanipollis : *Gothanipollis bassensis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Appendicisporites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Schizaeales : *Appendicisporites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Clavifera genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Gleicheniales : Gleicheniaceae : *Clavifera*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Clavifera triplex species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Gleicheniales : Gleicheniaceae : Clavifera : *Clavifera triplex*	145 - 66 Ma Cretaceous
Echinosporis genus	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Lycopsida : Isoetaceae : *Echinosporis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Asterisporites genus	*Asterisporites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Foraminisporis dailyi species	Plantae : Bryophyta : Foraminisporis : *Foraminisporis dailyi*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trilites tuberculiformis species	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : Trilites : *Trilites tuberculiformis*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Cycadopites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : *Cycadopites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Propylipollis genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Proteales : Proteaceae : *Propylipollis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cibotiumspora genus	Plantae : Pteridophyta : *Cibotiumspora*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Podocarpidites otagoensis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : Podocarpidites : *Podocarpidites otagoensis*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Triporopollenites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Proteales : Proteaceae : *Triporopollenites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Aequitriradites spinulosus species	Plantae : Marchantiophyta : Marchantiopsida : Sphaerocarpales : Aequitriradites : *Aequitriradites spinulosus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Concavisporites genus	Plantae : Pteridophyta : *Concavisporites*	55.8 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Nothofagidites brachyspinulosus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Nothofagidites : *Nothofagidites brachyspinulosus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nothofagidites endurus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Nothofagidites : *Nothofagidites endurus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Tricolporopollenites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Malpighiales : Euphorbiaceae : *Tricolporopollenites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Brachysporisporites genus	*Brachysporisporites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Brachysporisporites antarcticus species	Brachysporisporites : *Brachysporisporites antarcticus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Brachysporisporites grandus species	Brachysporisporites : *Brachysporisporites grandus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Brachysporisporites longovatus species	Brachysporisporites : *Brachysporisporites longovatus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Brachysporisporites ovoidus species	Brachysporisporites : *Brachysporisporites ovoidus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cupulisporonites megaporus species	Cupulisporonites : *Cupulisporonites megaporus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dicellaesporites genus	Fungi : *Dicellaesporites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dicellaesporites antarcticus species	Fungi : Dicellaesporites : *Dicellaesporites antarcticus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dicellaesporites oblongatus species	Fungi : Dicellaesporites : *Dicellaesporites oblongatus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dicellaesporites popovii species	Fungi : Dicellaesporites : *Dicellaesporites popovii*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Diporicellaesporites antarcticus species	Diporicellaesporites : *Diporicellaesporites antarcticus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Diporicellaesporites stenosus species	Diporicellaesporites : *Diporicellaesporites stenosus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dyadosporites genus	*Dyadosporites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dyadosporites obscurus species	Dyadosporites : *Dyadosporites obscurus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Fractisporonites genus	*Fractisporonites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Inapertisporites obpyriformis species	Inapertisporites : *Inapertisporites obpyriformis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Inapertisporites solidus species	Inapertisporites : *Inapertisporites solidus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Involutisporonites crassus species	Involutisporonites : *Involutisporonites crassus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lacrimasporonites scabratus species	Lacrimasporonites : *Lacrimasporonites scabratus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lacrimasporonites tenuous species	Lacrimasporonites : *Lacrimasporonites tenuous*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Multicellaesporites genus	Fungi : *Multicellaesporites*	145 - 66 Ma Cretaceous
Multicellaesporites ovatus species	Fungi : Multicellaesporites : *Multicellaesporites ovatus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Multicellaesporites ellipticus species	Fungi : Multicellaesporites : *Multicellaesporites ellipticus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pluricellaesporites antarcticus species	Fungi : Pluricellaesporites : *Pluricellaesporites antarcticus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pluricellaesporites ocellatus species	Fungi : Pluricellaesporites : *Pluricellaesporites ocellatus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Reduviasporonites genus	*Reduviasporonites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Staphlosporonites genus	*Staphlosporonites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Sphagnumsporites genus	Plantae : Bryophyta : Sphagnopsida : Sphagnales : Sphagnaceae : *Sphagnumsporites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Alsophilidites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Cyatheales : Cyatheaceae : *Alsophilidites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Alsophilidites kerguelensis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Cyatheales : Cyatheaceae : Alsophilidites : *Alsophilidites kerguelensis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Clavifera jachromensis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Gleicheniales : Gleicheniaceae : Clavifera : *Clavifera jachromensis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cyathidites pulchellus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cyathidites : *Cyathidites pulchellus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Deltoidospora microlepioides species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Deltoidospora : *Deltoidospora microlepioides*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Extrapunctatosporis genus	*Extrapunctatosporis*	83.5 - 23.03 Ma Phanerozoic
Foveotriletes scrobiculatus species	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Lycopsida : Foveotriletes : *Foveotriletes scrobiculatus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gleicheniidites campanianus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Gleicheniales : Gleicheniaceae : Gleicheniidites : *Gleicheniidites campanianus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gleicheniidites delcourtii species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Gleicheniales : Gleicheniaceae : Gleicheniidites : *Gleicheniidites delcourtii*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gleicheniidites fildesensis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Gleicheniales : Gleicheniaceae : Gleicheniidites : *Gleicheniidites fildesensis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gleicheniidites pachydermus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Gleicheniales : Gleicheniaceae : Gleicheniidites : *Gleicheniidites pachydermus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gleicheniidites trivalvis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Gleicheniales : Gleicheniaceae : Gleicheniidites : *Gleicheniidites trivalvis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Klukisporites antarcticus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Schizaeales : Schizaeaceae : Klukisporites : *Klukisporites antarcticus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicifera decora species	Plicifera : *Plicifera decora*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicifera trialatus species	Plicifera : *Plicifera trialatus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Abietineaepollenites genus	*Abietineaepollenites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gnetaceaepollenites ellipticus species	Gnetaceaepollenites : *Gnetaceaepollenites ellipticus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Podocarpus fildesensis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : Podocarpus : *Podocarpus fildesensis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cranwellia genus	Plantae : Magnoliophyta : *Cranwellia*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nothofagidites rocaensis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Nothofagidites : *Nothofagidites rocaensis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nothofagidites senectus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Nothofagidites : *Nothofagidites senectus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dicksonia genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Cyatheales : Dicksoniaceae : *Dicksonia*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dacrydiumites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : *Dacrydiumites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Phyllocladus genus	Plantae : Pinophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : *Phyllocladus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Podozamites pinnatus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : Podozamites : *Podozamites pinnatus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Meliapollis genus	*Meliapollis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nothofagidites falcatus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Nothofagidites : *Nothofagidites falcatus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nothofagidites visserensis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Nothofagidites : *Nothofagidites visserensis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Sapotaceoidaepollenites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Ericales : Sapotaceae : *Sapotaceoidaepollenites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Schizocolpus genus	*Schizocolpus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nothofagus cretacea species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Nothofagaceae : Nothofagus : *Nothofagus cretacea*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Thyrsopteris elegans species	Thyrsopteris : *Thyrsopteris elegans*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Phyllocladus aspleniifolius species	Plantae : Pinophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : Phyllocladus : *Phyllocladus aspleniifolius*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Anacardites pichileufensis species	Anacardites : *Anacardites pichileufensis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dicotylophyllum elegans species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Dicotylophyllum : *Dicotylophyllum elegans*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Myrica mira species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Myricaceae : Myrica : *Myrica mira*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ficophyllum palustris species	Ficophyllum : *Ficophyllum palustris*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ficophyllum skuaensis species	Ficophyllum : *Ficophyllum skuaensis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cassia genus	*Cassia*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Sterculia washburnii species	Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Sterculia : *Sterculia washburnii*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Sterculiaephyllum australis species	Sterculiaephyllum : *Sterculiaephyllum australis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dryopteris seymouriensis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Polypodiales : Dryopteridaceae : Dryopteris : *Dryopteris seymouriensis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pentaneurum dusenii species	Pentaneurum : *Pentaneurum dusenii*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Araliaephyllum quinquelobatus species	Araliaephyllum : *Araliaephyllum quinquelobatus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Knightia andreae species	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Clupeiformes : Clupeidae : Knightia : *Knightia andreae*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Magnoliidaephyllum birkenmajeri species	Magnoliidaephyllum : *Magnoliidaephyllum birkenmajeri*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Myrciophyllum santacruzensis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Myrtales : Myrtaceae : Myrciophyllum : *Myrciophyllum santacruzensis*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Elaeocarpus genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Oxalidales : Elaeocarpaceae : *Elaeocarpus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nothofagus glaucifolia species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Nothofagaceae : Nothofagus : *Nothofagus glaucifolia*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nothofagus zastawniakiae species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Nothofagaceae : Nothofagus : *Nothofagus zastawniakiae*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nothofagus ulmifolia species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Nothofagaceae : Nothofagus : *Nothofagus ulmifolia*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Alnus muelleri species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Betulaceae : Alnus : *Alnus muelleri*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Proteacidites parvus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Proteales : Proteacidites : *Proteacidites parvus*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Neoraistrickia truncata species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Lycopodiopsida : Selaginellales : Selaginellaceae : Neoraistrickia : *Neoraistrickia truncata*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Monoporisporites genus	*Monoporisporites*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Myrtaceidites eugeniioides species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Myrtales : Myrtaceidites : *Myrtaceidites eugeniioides*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Nothofagidites cranwellae species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Nothofagidites : *Nothofagidites cranwellae*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Nothofagidites deminuta species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Nothofagidites : *Nothofagidites deminuta*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Ptisana genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Marattiales : Marattiaceae : *Ptisana*	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Millerocaulis australis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Osmundales : Osmundaceae : Millerocaulis : *Millerocaulis australis*	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Thyrsopteridaceae genus	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : Cyatheales : Dicksoniaceae : *Thyrsopteridaceae*	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Eocyathea remesaliae species	Eocyathea : *Eocyathea remesaliae*	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Alienopteris livingstonensis species	Alienopteris : *Alienopteris livingstonensis*	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Archangelskya furcata species	Archangelskya : *Archangelskya furcata*	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Pseudoctenis genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales : *Pseudoctenis*	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Ptilophyllum menendezii species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales : Ptilophyllum : *Ptilophyllum menendezii*	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Dictyozamites genus	*Dictyozamites*	125 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Punctatisporites genus	Plantae : *Punctatisporites*	55.8 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Adamussium jonkersi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Adamussium : *Adamussium jonkersi*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Foveasporis areapunctatis species	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : Foveasporis : *Foveasporis areapunctatis*	55.8 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Graminidites antarcticus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Poales : Poaceae : Graminidites : *Graminidites antarcticus*	55.8 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Tricolpites verrucatus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Tricolpites : *Tricolpites verrucatus*	55.8 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Monimiophyllum genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Laurales : Monimiaceae : *Monimiophyllum*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Kordephyton genus	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Cambrinaceae : *Kordephyton*	516 - 513 Ma Cambrian
Cellaria fistulosa species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Cellariidae : Cellaria : *Cellaria fistulosa*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Cellaria rigida species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Cellariidae : Cellaria : *Cellaria rigida*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Microporella ciliata species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomata : Microporellidae : Microporella : *Microporella ciliata*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Micropora coriacea species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomata : Microporidae : Micropora : *Micropora coriacea*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Hippothoa hyalina species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomata : Hippothoidae : Hippothoa : *Hippothoa hyalina*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Fenestrulina malusii species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomata : Microporellidae : Fenestrulina : *Fenestrulina malusii*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Reteporella cellulosa species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomata : Phidoloporidae : Reteporella : *Reteporella cellulosa*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Panopea (Panopea) andreae species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hiatellida : Hiatellidae : Panopea : *Panopea (Panopea) andreae*	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Panopea (Panopea) worthingtoni species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hiatellida : Hiatellidae : Panopea : *Panopea (Panopea) worthingtoni*	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Antarctiteuthis donovani species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Belemnitida : Belemnotheutidae : Antarctiteuthis : *Antarctiteuthis donovani*	152.1 - 139.8 Ma Mesozoic
Spiticeras bilobatum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Olcostephanidae : Spiticeras : *Spiticeras bilobatum*	145 - 140.2 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Spiticeras (Spiticeras) spitiensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Olcostephanidae : Spiticeras : *Spiticeras (Spiticeras) spitiensis*	145 - 140.2 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Spiticeras tripartitum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Olcostephanidae : Spiticeras : *Spiticeras tripartitum*	145 - 140.2 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Argentiniceras lonchochense species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Argentiniceras : *Argentiniceras lonchochense*	145 - 140.2 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Macronectes giganteus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Procellariiformes : Procellariidae : Macronectes : *Macronectes giganteus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Stercorarius antarcticus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Stercorariidae : Stercorarius : *Stercorarius antarcticus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Pygoscelis adeliae species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Sphenisciformes : Spheniscidae : Pygoscelis : *Pygoscelis adeliae*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Chionis albus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Chionidae : Chionis : *Chionis albus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Sterna vittata species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Laridae : Sterna : *Sterna vittata*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Stercorarius maccormicki species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Stercorariidae : Stercorarius : *Stercorarius maccormicki*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Pygoscelis antarcticus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Sphenisciformes : Spheniscidae : Pygoscelis : *Pygoscelis antarcticus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary

Fossil Localities

Click to show 20 fossil localities

Other Databases

Wikipedia:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Shetland_Islands
Wikidata ID:	Q140948
GeoNames ID:	6625769

Localities in this Region

Antarctica

West Antarctica
- Antarctic Peninsula
  - South Shetland Islands

Antarctica

West Antarctica
- Antarctic Peninsula
  - South Shetland Islands
    - King George Island
    - ⭔Livingston Island

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

Antarctic Plate

Kergeulen Plateau
- South Shetland ForearcAccretionary Complex
South Shetland ArcVolcanic Arc

Shetland PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Geologic Map of Antarctica, 1:5,000,000 scale.

Barton, C.M. (1965) The geology of the South Shetland Islands: III. The Stratigraphy of King George Island. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports, No.44, 33 pages plus plates.

Haase, K. M., Beier, C., Fretzdorff, S., Smellie, J. L., Garbe-Schönberg, D. (2012) Magmatic evolution of the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, and implications for continental crust formation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 163 (6) 1103-1119 doi:10.1007/s00410-012-0719-7

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