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Ushkatyn No. 3 deposit (Ushkatyn-III deposit), Zhayrem (Zhairem), Karazhal, Ulytau Region, Kazakhstani
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Ushkatyn No. 3 deposit (Ushkatyn-III deposit) | Deposit |
| Zhayrem (Zhairem) | - not defined - |
| Karazhal | City of Regional Subordination |
| Ulytau Region | Region |
| Kazakhstan | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
48° 16' 5'' North , 70° 10' 42'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Fe-Mn-(Pb-Zn-Ba) deposit, close to the town of Zhairem.
The deposit is located within the continental paleorift and is composed of a sequence of terrigenous–siliceous–carbonate rocks of the Upper Devonian–Lower Carboniferous age. The eastern part of the deposit is composed of reef limestones containing baryte–galena mineralization. In the western part of the deposit, these rocks are replaced first by detrital nodular-layered limestones containing layers of iron and manganese ores. The reef limestones contain baryte–galena mineralization (baryte–Pb ores), while the organogenic–detrital limestones contain Fe (hematite)–Mn ores (braunite and hausmannite). The productive member has a well-defined cyclic structure, with a rhythmic alternation of limestone layers and ore layers, composed of Fe and/or Mn ores. Iron and manganese ores are almost always separated either by section or by strike. The thickness of individual layers of Mn ores within the deposits ranges from 0.3 to 8 m (2 m on average), while the thickness of Fe ores does not exceed 1 m. The total thickness of the ore-bearing member varies from 50 to 200 m; the member can be traced over a distance of more than 2.5 km and over a depth up to 1.2 km.
Iron and manganese ores are fine-grained rocks with lenticular-banded and layered textures. The braunite ores are composed predominantly of braunite and calcite, with subordinate amounts of quartz and albite.
Based on available mineralogical, geochemical, and isotopic data, it was suggested that the deposit was formed during low-grade metamorphism (∼250°C, ∼200 MPa) of metalliferous sediments composed of Fe³⁺ and Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ oxides, carbonates, (alumino)silicates, and organic matter. It is assumed that iron and manganese initially accumulated in the discharge area of hydrothermal solutions seeping into the sea basin along fault zones. The differentiation of metals occurred with the sequential precipitation of iron (first) and manganese (second) as a result of fluctuations in the physicochemical parameters (temperature, pressure, and oxygen fugacity) of the water mass due to sea level change and/or changes in hydrothermal activity. This process was regularly interrupted, resulting in the formation of a cyclically constructed ore-bearing sequence with alternating ore Fe–Mn layers and limestones (separating them). Braunite ores are formed under oxidizing conditions, while hausmannite ores are formed in a relatively reducing subanaerobic environment.
Located in the triangle between the towns of Atasu, Qarazhal, and Zhayrem.
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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
39 valid minerals. 2 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
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Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Jacobsite | 4.BB.05 | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Hausmannite | 4.BB.10 | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Hetaerolite | 4.BB.10 | ZnMn2O4 |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrolusite | 4.DB.05 | Mn4+O2 |
| ⓘ | Todorokite | 4.DK.10 | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Rhodochrosite | 5.AB.05 | MnCO3 |
| ⓘ | Kutnohorite | 5.AB.10 | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Cerussite | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Wulfenite | 7.GA.05 | Pb(MoO4) |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Gasparite-(La) (TL) | 8.AD.50 | La(AsO4) |
| ⓘ | Tilasite | 8.BB. | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| ⓘ | Sarkinite | 8.BB.15 | Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Pyrobelonite | 8.BH.40 | PbMn2+(VO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Retzian-(La) | 8.BM.05 | Mn2+2La(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Hydroxylapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Brandtite | 8.CG.10 | Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Tephroite | 9.AC.05 | Mn2+2(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Alleghanyite | 9.AF.45 | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Sonolite | 9.AF.55 | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Braunite | 9.AG.05 | Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8 |
| ⓘ | Axinite-(Mn) | 9.BD.20 | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| ⓘ | Kentrolite | 9.BE.80 | Pb2Mn3+2(Si2O7)O2 |
| ⓘ | Rhodonite | 9.DK.05 | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Chamosite | 9.EC.55 | Fe2+5Al(AlSi3O)10(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Clinochlore | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Pennantite | 9.EC.55 | Mn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Caryopilite | 9.ED.15 | Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Neotocite | 9.ED.20 | (Mn,Fe)SiO3 · H2O (?) |
| ⓘ | Friedelite | 9.EE.10 | Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 |
| ⓘ | Parsettensite | 9.EG.40 | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Kayupovaite (TL) | 9.EG.75 | Na2Mn10[(Si14Al2)O38(OH)8] · 7H2O |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Humite Group' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Alleghanyite | Mn52+(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Brandtite | Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Caryopilite | Mn32+Si2O5(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Chamosite | Fe52+Al(AlSi3O)10(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Friedelite | Mn82+Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 |
| H | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Neotocite | (Mn,Fe)SiO3 · H2O (?) |
| H | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Pennantite | Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Pyrobelonite | PbMn2+(VO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Retzian-(La) | Mn22+La(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Sarkinite | Mn22+(AsO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Sonolite | Mn92+(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Kayupovaite | Na2Mn10[(Si14Al2)O38(OH)8] · 7H2O |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Alleghanyite | Mn52+(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Brandtite | Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Braunite | Mn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Caryopilite | Mn32+Si2O5(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Chamosite | Fe52+Al(AlSi3O)10(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Friedelite | Mn82+Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 |
| O | ⓘ Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Kentrolite | Pb2Mn23+(Si2O7)O2 |
| O | ⓘ Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Neotocite | (Mn,Fe)SiO3 · H2O (?) |
| O | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Pennantite | Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Pyrobelonite | PbMn2+(VO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Retzian-(La) | Mn22+La(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| O | ⓘ Sarkinite | Mn22+(AsO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Sonolite | Mn92+(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tephroite | Mn22+(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| O | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| O | ⓘ Gasparite-(La) | La(AsO4) |
| O | ⓘ Kayupovaite | Na2Mn10[(Si14Al2)O38(OH)8] · 7H2O |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| Na | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Kayupovaite | Na2Mn10[(Si14Al2)O38(OH)8] · 7H2O |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| Mg | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Chamosite | Fe52+Al(AlSi3O)10(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Pennantite | Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Kayupovaite | Na2Mn10[(Si14Al2)O38(OH)8] · 7H2O |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Alleghanyite | Mn52+(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Braunite | Mn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Caryopilite | Mn32+Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Chamosite | Fe52+Al(AlSi3O)10(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Friedelite | Mn82+Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 |
| Si | ⓘ Kentrolite | Pb2Mn23+(Si2O7)O2 |
| Si | ⓘ Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Neotocite | (Mn,Fe)SiO3 · H2O (?) |
| Si | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Pennantite | Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| Si | ⓘ Sonolite | Mn92+(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Tephroite | Mn22+(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Kayupovaite | Na2Mn10[(Si14Al2)O38(OH)8] · 7H2O |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Friedelite | Mn82+Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| K | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Brandtite | Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| Ca | ⓘ Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| Ca | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | ⓘ Pyrobelonite | PbMn2+(VO4)(OH) |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Alleghanyite | Mn52+(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Brandtite | Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Braunite | Mn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| Mn | ⓘ Caryopilite | Mn32+Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Friedelite | Mn82+Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 |
| Mn | ⓘ Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn23+O4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe23+O4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Kentrolite | Pb2Mn23+(Si2O7)O2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Neotocite | (Mn,Fe)SiO3 · H2O (?) |
| Mn | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Pennantite | Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mn | ⓘ Pyrobelonite | PbMn2+(VO4)(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Retzian-(La) | Mn22+La(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| Mn | ⓘ Sarkinite | Mn22+(AsO4)(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Sonolite | Mn92+(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Tephroite | Mn22+(SiO4) |
| Mn | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Kayupovaite | Na2Mn10[(Si14Al2)O38(OH)8] · 7H2O |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Chamosite | Fe52+Al(AlSi3O)10(OH)8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Neotocite | (Mn,Fe)SiO3 · H2O (?) |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Brandtite | Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| As | ⓘ Retzian-(La) | Mn22+La(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| As | ⓘ Sarkinite | Mn22+(AsO4)(OH) |
| As | ⓘ Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| As | ⓘ Gasparite-(La) | La(AsO4) |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Ba | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| La | Lanthanum | |
| La | ⓘ Retzian-(La) | Mn22+La(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| La | ⓘ Gasparite-(La) | La(AsO4) |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Pb | ⓘ Kentrolite | Pb2Mn23+(Si2O7)O2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Pyrobelonite | PbMn2+(VO4)(OH) |
| Pb | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
AsiaContinent
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
- Devonian Continental ArcVolcanic Arc
Kazakhstan
- Ulytau Region
- Karazhal
- Ushkatyn deposits (Ushkatan)Group of Deposits
- Karazhal
Soviet Union (1922-1991)Country
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References
Hålenius, Ulf, Hatert, Frédéric, Pasero, Marco, Mills, Stuart J. (2018) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) NEWSLETTER 46. European Journal of Mineralogy, 30 (6) 1181-1189 doi:10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2819
[1]Vereshchagin, Oleg S.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Brusnitsyn, Aleksey I.; Shagova, Anastasiia K.; Perova, Elena N.; Pekov, Igor V.; Shilovskikh, Vladimir V.; Vlasenko, Natalia S.; Avdontseva, Evgeniya Y.; Platonova, Natalia V.; et al. (2025) Kayupovaite, Na2Mn10[(Si14Al2)O38(OH)8]⋅7H2O – a new stilpnomelane-related mineral from the Ushkatyn-III deposit, Kazakhstan. European Journal of Mineralogy, 37 (6). 829-840 doi:10.5194/ejm-37-829-2025
Ushkatyn No. 3 deposit, Zhayrem, Karazhal, Ulytau Region, Kazakhstan