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Mount Bonga, Quilengues, Huíla Province, Angolai
Regional Level Types
Mount BongaMountain
QuilenguesMunicipality
Huíla ProvinceProvince
AngolaCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
14° 16' South , 13° 58' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
-14.26667,13.96667
GRN:
S10E10
Type:
Mountain
Köppen climate type:
BSh : Hot semi-arid (steppe) climate
Mindat Locality ID:
72588
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:72588:3
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Bonga carbonatite


Lower Cretaceous carbonatite plug (4 km diameter) in Precambrian granito-gneissic basement.

Belongs to the west side of Lucapa Early Cretaceous rift in western Angola.

Located 11 km NE of Mount Tchivira, Quilengues, Huíla Province, Angola, forms a steep-sided hill rising to 900 m from a peneplain; there is a central depression 200 m deep.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


54 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded


Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘ Aegirine-augite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘ 'Aeschynite'
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5(T8O22)W2
References:
Alves, C.A.M. 1968. Estudo geologico e petrologico do macico alcalino-carbonatitico do Quicuco. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar, Lisboa.
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Amores-Casals, , Melgarejo, , Bambi, , Gonçalves, , Morais, , Manuel, , Neto, , Costanzo, , Molist, (2019) Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola) Minerals, 9 (10) 601 doi:10.3390/min9100601
ⓘ Andradite
Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
References:
Alves, C.A.M. 1968. Estudo geologico e petrologico do macico alcalino-carbonatitico do Quicuco. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar, Lisboa.
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Piero Comin-Chiaramonti, Celso Barros Gomes (1996) Alkaline magmatism in central-eastern Paraguay: relationships with coeval magmatism in Brazil. pp 231-248
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Amores Casals S, Bambi A C J M, Gonçalves A O, Melgarejo J C (2014) Mineral chemistry of pyrochlore from the Bonga Carbonatite (Huila, Angola). 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 195
Amores-Casals, , Melgarejo, , Bambi, , Gonçalves, , Morais, , Manuel, , Neto, , Costanzo, , Molist, (2019) Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola) Minerals, 9 (10) 601 doi:10.3390/min9100601
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3A
References:
Alves, C.A.M. 1968. Estudo geologico e petrologico do macico alcalino-carbonatitico do Quicuco. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar, Lisboa.
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Piero Comin-Chiaramonti, Celso Barros Gomes (1996) Alkaline magmatism in central-eastern Paraguay: relationships with coeval magmatism in Brazil. pp 231-248
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Amores-Casals, , Melgarejo, , Bambi, , Gonçalves, , Morais, , Manuel, , Neto, , Costanzo, , Molist, (2019) Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola) Minerals, 9 (10) 601 doi:10.3390/min9100601
ⓘ Aspidolite
Formula: NaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite
Formula: (Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
ⓘ Baddeleyite
Formula: ZrO2
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
References:
Alves, C.A.M. 1968. Estudo geologico e petrologico do macico alcalino-carbonatitico do Quicuco. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar, Lisboa.
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Amores Casals S, Bambi A C J M, Gonçalves A O, Melgarejo J C (2014) Mineral chemistry of pyrochlore from the Bonga Carbonatite (Huila, Angola). 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 195
Amores-Casals, , Melgarejo, , Bambi, , Gonçalves, , Morais, , Manuel, , Neto, , Costanzo, , Molist, (2019) Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola) Minerals, 9 (10) 601 doi:10.3390/min9100601
ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(CO3)F
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ 'Britholite Group'
Formula: (REE,Ca)5[(Si,P)O4]3X
ⓘ Brucite
Formula: Mg(OH)2
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
References:
Alves, C.A.M. 1968. Estudo geologico e petrologico do macico alcalino-carbonatitico do Quicuco. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar, Lisboa.
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Amores Casals S, Bambi A C J M, Gonçalves A O, Melgarejo J C (2014) Mineral chemistry of pyrochlore from the Bonga Carbonatite (Huila, Angola). 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 195
Amores-Casals, , Melgarejo, , Bambi, , Gonçalves, , Morais, , Manuel, , Neto, , Costanzo, , Molist, (2019) Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola) Minerals, 9 (10) 601 doi:10.3390/min9100601
ⓘ Calzirtite
Formula: Ca2Zr5Ti2O16
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ Chromite
Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
References:
Alves, C.A.M. 1968. Estudo geologico e petrologico do macico alcalino-carbonatitico do Quicuco. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar, Lisboa.
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Amores Casals S, Bambi A C J M, Gonçalves A O, Melgarejo J C (2014) Mineral chemistry of pyrochlore from the Bonga Carbonatite (Huila, Angola). 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 195
Amores-Casals, , Melgarejo, , Bambi, , Gonçalves, , Morais, , Manuel, , Neto, , Costanzo, , Molist, (2019) Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola) Minerals, 9 (10) 601 doi:10.3390/min9100601
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
ⓘ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘ Fluorcalciopyrochlore
Formula: (Ca,Na)2(Nb,Ti)2O6F
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Hydropyrochlore
Formula: (H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
ⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore
Formula: (Ca,Na,U,◻)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH)
ⓘ Hydroxykenopyrochlore
Formula: (◻,Ce,Ba)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH,F)
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ Kassite
Formula: CaTi2O4(OH)2
ⓘ Lucasite-(Ce)
Formula: CeTi2(O,OH)6
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
References:
Alves, C.A.M. 1968. Estudo geologico e petrologico do macico alcalino-carbonatitico do Quicuco. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar, Lisboa.
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Amores Casals S, Bambi A C J M, Gonçalves A O, Melgarejo J C (2014) Mineral chemistry of pyrochlore from the Bonga Carbonatite (Huila, Angola). 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 195
Amores-Casals, , Melgarejo, , Bambi, , Gonçalves, , Morais, , Manuel, , Neto, , Costanzo, , Molist, (2019) Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola) Minerals, 9 (10) 601 doi:10.3390/min9100601
ⓘ 'Melilite Group'
Formula: Ca2M(XSiO7)
ⓘ 'Microlite Group'
Formula: A2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n
ⓘ 'Monazite Group'
Formula: REE(PO4)
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘ Nyerereite
Formula: Na2Ca(CO3)2
ⓘ 'Parisite'
Formula: Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
ⓘ Parisite-(Ce)
Formula: CaCe2(CO3)3F2
ⓘ Periclase
Formula: MgO
ⓘ Perovskite
Formula: CaTiO3
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Portlandite
Formula: Ca(OH)2
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
References:
Alves, C.A.M. 1968. Estudo geologico e petrologico do macico alcalino-carbonatitico do Quicuco. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar, Lisboa.
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Amores Casals S, Bambi A C J M, Gonçalves A O, Melgarejo J C (2014) Mineral chemistry of pyrochlore from the Bonga Carbonatite (Huila, Angola). 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 195
Amores-Casals, , Melgarejo, , Bambi, , Gonçalves, , Morais, , Manuel, , Neto, , Costanzo, , Molist, (2019) Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola) Minerals, 9 (10) 601 doi:10.3390/min9100601
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
References:
Alves, C.A.M. 1968. Estudo geologico e petrologico do macico alcalino-carbonatitico do Quicuco. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar, Lisboa.
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Piero Comin-Chiaramonti, Celso Barros Gomes (1996) Alkaline magmatism in central-eastern Paraguay: relationships with coeval magmatism in Brazil. pp 231-248
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
ZHENG, L., GU, X., & ZHANG, Y. (2014). Pyrochlore Chemistry from the Bonga Carbonatite-type Nb Deposit, Huila Province, Angola: Implications for Magmatic-Hydrothermal Processes of Carbonatite. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40, 205-226.
Amores Casals S, Bambi A C J M, Gonçalves A O, Melgarejo J C (2014) Mineral chemistry of pyrochlore from the Bonga Carbonatite (Huila, Angola). 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 195
Amores-Casals, , Melgarejo, , Bambi, , Gonçalves, , Morais, , Manuel, , Neto, , Costanzo, , Molist, (2019) Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola) Minerals, 9 (10) 601 doi:10.3390/min9100601
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
References:
Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 1001-1024.
Alves, C.A.M. 1968. Estudo geologico e petrologico do macico alcalino-carbonatitico do Quicuco. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar, Lisboa.
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
ZHENG, L., GU, X., & ZHANG, Y. (2014). Pyrochlore Chemistry from the Bonga Carbonatite-type Nb Deposit, Huila Province, Angola: Implications for Magmatic-Hydrothermal Processes of Carbonatite. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40, 205-226.
Amores-Casals, , Melgarejo, , Bambi, , Gonçalves, , Morais, , Manuel, , Neto, , Costanzo, , Molist, (2019) Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola) Minerals, 9 (10) 601 doi:10.3390/min9100601
ⓘ Rhabdophane-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
ⓘ Richterite
Formula: Na(CaNa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
References:
Alves, C.A.M. 1968. Estudo geologico e petrologico do macico alcalino-carbonatitico do Quicuco. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar, Lisboa.
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
ZHENG, L., GU, X., & ZHANG, Y. (2014). Pyrochlore Chemistry from the Bonga Carbonatite-type Nb Deposit, Huila Province, Angola: Implications for Magmatic-Hydrothermal Processes of Carbonatite. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40, 205-226.
Amores-Casals, , Melgarejo, , Bambi, , Gonçalves, , Morais, , Manuel, , Neto, , Costanzo, , Molist, (2019) Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola) Minerals, 9 (10) 601 doi:10.3390/min9100601
ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile
Formula: (Ti,Nb)O2
ⓘ Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile
Formula: (Ti,Nb)O2
ⓘ Schorlomite
Formula: Ca3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2
ⓘ Sellaite
Formula: MgF2
ⓘ 'Sodic amphibole'
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Spinel
Formula: MgAl2O4
ⓘ Strontianite
Formula: SrCO3
References:
Alves, C.A.M. 1968. Estudo geologico e petrologico do macico alcalino-carbonatitico do Quicuco. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar, Lisboa.
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
ZHENG, L., GU, X., & ZHANG, Y. (2014). Pyrochlore Chemistry from the Bonga Carbonatite-type Nb Deposit, Huila Province, Angola: Implications for Magmatic-Hydrothermal Processes of Carbonatite. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40, 205-226.
Amores Casals S, Bambi A C J M, Gonçalves A O, Melgarejo J C (2014) Mineral chemistry of pyrochlore from the Bonga Carbonatite (Huila, Angola). 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 195
Amores-Casals, , Melgarejo, , Bambi, , Gonçalves, , Morais, , Manuel, , Neto, , Costanzo, , Molist, (2019) Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola) Minerals, 9 (10) 601 doi:10.3390/min9100601
ⓘ 'Synchysite'
Formula: Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
References:
Alves, C.A.M. 1968. Estudo geologico e petrologico do macico alcalino-carbonatitico do Quicuco. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar, Lisboa.
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Amores Casals S, Bambi A C J M, Gonçalves A O, Melgarejo J C (2014) Mineral chemistry of pyrochlore from the Bonga Carbonatite (Huila, Angola). 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 195
Amores-Casals, , Melgarejo, , Bambi, , Gonçalves, , Morais, , Manuel, , Neto, , Costanzo, , Molist, (2019) Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola) Minerals, 9 (10) 601 doi:10.3390/min9100601
ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)
Formula: CaCe(CO3)2F
ⓘ Synchysite-(Y)
Formula: CaY(CO3)2F
ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite
Formula: KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
ⓘ Thorianite
Formula: ThO2
ⓘ Thorianite var. Uranothorianite
Formula: (Th,U)O2
ⓘ Thorutite
Formula: (Th,U,Ca)Ti2(O,OH)6
ⓘ Vigezzite
Formula: CaNb2O6
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)
ⓘ Zirconolite
Formula: CaZrTi2O7

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘSellaite3.AB.15MgF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ'Microlite Group'4.00.A2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘPericlase4.AB.25MgO
ⓘChromite4.BB.05Fe2+Cr3+2O4
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘSpinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘPerovskite4.CC.30CaTiO3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile
var. Ilmenorutile		4.DB.05(Ti,Nb)O2
ⓘ4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘvar. Niobium-bearing Rutile4.DB.05(Ti,Nb)O2
ⓘBaddeleyite4.DE.35ZrO2
ⓘVigezzite4.DF.05CaNb2O6
ⓘThorutite4.DH.05(Th,U,Ca)Ti2(O,OH)6
ⓘKassite4.DH.10CaTi2O4(OH)2
ⓘLucasite-(Ce)4.DH.10CeTi2(O,OH)6
ⓘHydropyrochlore4.DH.15(H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
ⓘHydroxycalciopyrochlore4.DH.15(Ca,Na,U,◻)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH)
ⓘFluorcalciopyrochlore4.DH.15(Ca,Na)2(Nb,Ti)2O6F
ⓘHydroxykenopyrochlore4.DH.15(◻,Ce,Ba)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH,F)
ⓘZirconolite4.DH.30CaZrTi2O7
ⓘThorianite4.DL.05ThO2
ⓘvar. Uranothorianite4.DL.05(Th,U)O2
ⓘCalzirtite4.DL.10Ca2Zr5Ti2O16
ⓘBrucite4.FE.05Mg(OH)2
ⓘPortlandite4.FE.05Ca(OH)2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘStrontianite5.AB.15SrCO3
ⓘNyerereite5.AC.10Na2Ca(CO3)2
ⓘBastnäsite-(Ce)5.BD.20aCe(CO3)F
ⓘParisite-(Ce)5.BD.20bCaCe2(CO3)3F2
ⓘSynchysite-(Ce)5.BD.20cCaCe(CO3)2F
ⓘSynchysite-(Y)5.BD.20cCaY(CO3)2F
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘFluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘRhabdophane-(Ce)8.CJ.45Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘAndradite9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘSchorlomite9.AD.25Ca3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘAugite
var. Titanium-bearing Augite		9.DA.15(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘRichterite9.DE.20Na(CaNa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘTetraferriphlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
ⓘAspidolite9.EC.20NaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Aeschynite'-
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5(T8O22)W2
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Monazite Group'-REE(PO4)
ⓘ'Parisite'-Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
ⓘ'Synchysite'-Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3A
ⓘ'Melilite Group'-Ca2M(XSiO7)
ⓘ'Britholite Group'-(REE,Ca)5[(Si,P)O4]3X
ⓘ'Sodic amphibole'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ BruciteMg(OH)2
Hⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ Hydropyrochlore(H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
Hⓘ KassiteCaTi2O4(OH)2
Hⓘ Lucasite-(Ce)CeTi2(O,OH)6
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ PortlanditeCa(OH)2
Hⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Hⓘ Rhabdophane-(Ce)Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
Hⓘ RichteriteNa(CaNa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Hⓘ Thorutite(Th,U,Ca)Ti2(O,OH)6
Hⓘ AspidoliteNaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na,U,◻)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH)
Hⓘ Hydroxykenopyrochlore(◻,Ce,Ba)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH,F)
CCarbon
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Cⓘ Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Cⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
Cⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Cⓘ Synchysite-(Y)CaY(CO3)2F
Cⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
OOxygen
Oⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Oⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5(T8O22)W2
Oⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ BruciteMg(OH)2
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ CalzirtiteCa2Zr5Ti2O16
Oⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Oⓘ Hydropyrochlore(H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
Oⓘ KassiteCaTi2O4(OH)2
Oⓘ Lucasite-(Ce)CeTi2(O,OH)6
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Oⓘ Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Oⓘ PericlaseMgO
Oⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ PortlanditeCa(OH)2
Oⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Rhabdophane-(Ce)Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
Oⓘ RichteriteNa(CaNa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ SchorlomiteCa3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2
Oⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Oⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
Oⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Oⓘ Synchysite-(Y)CaY(CO3)2F
Oⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Oⓘ ThorianiteThO2
Oⓘ Thorutite(Th,U,Ca)Ti2(O,OH)6
Oⓘ Thorianite var. Uranothorianite(Th,U)O2
Oⓘ VigezziteCaNb2O6
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ ZirconoliteCaZrTi2O7
Oⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Oⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Oⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
Oⓘ AspidoliteNaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
Oⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Oⓘ Britholite Group(REE,Ca)5[(Si,P)O4]3X
Oⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na,U,◻)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH)
Oⓘ Fluorcalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na)2(Nb,Ti)2O6F
Oⓘ Hydroxykenopyrochlore(◻,Ce,Ba)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH,F)
FFluorine
Fⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fⓘ Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Fⓘ SellaiteMgF2
Fⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Fⓘ Synchysite-(Y)CaY(CO3)2F
Fⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Fⓘ Fluorcalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na)2(Nb,Ti)2O6F
Fⓘ Hydroxykenopyrochlore(◻,Ce,Ba)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH,F)
NaSodium
Naⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Naⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Naⓘ RichteriteNa(CaNa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Naⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
Naⓘ AspidoliteNaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Naⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na,U,◻)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH)
Naⓘ Fluorcalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na)2(Nb,Ti)2O6F
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ BruciteMg(OH)2
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ PericlaseMgO
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ RichteriteNa(CaNa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ SellaiteMgF2
Mgⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Mgⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Mgⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Mgⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
Mgⓘ AspidoliteNaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Alⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
Alⓘ AspidoliteNaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Siⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Siⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ RichteriteNa(CaNa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ SchorlomiteCa3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2
Siⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
Siⓘ AspidoliteNaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Siⓘ Britholite Group(REE,Ca)5[(Si,P)O4]3X
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Pⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Pⓘ Rhabdophane-(Ce)Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
Pⓘ Britholite Group(REE,Ca)5[(Si,P)O4]3X
SSulfur
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Caⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ CalzirtiteCa2Zr5Ti2O16
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caⓘ KassiteCaTi2O4(OH)2
Caⓘ NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Caⓘ Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Caⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Caⓘ PortlanditeCa(OH)2
Caⓘ RichteriteNa(CaNa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ SchorlomiteCa3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2
Caⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Caⓘ Synchysite-(Y)CaY(CO3)2F
Caⓘ Thorutite(Th,U,Ca)Ti2(O,OH)6
Caⓘ VigezziteCaNb2O6
Caⓘ ZirconoliteCaZrTi2O7
Caⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Caⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
Caⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Caⓘ Britholite Group(REE,Ca)5[(Si,P)O4]3X
Caⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na,U,◻)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH)
Caⓘ Fluorcalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na)2(Nb,Ti)2O6F
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ CalzirtiteCa2Zr5Ti2O16
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Tiⓘ KassiteCaTi2O4(OH)2
Tiⓘ Lucasite-(Ce)CeTi2(O,OH)6
Tiⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ SchorlomiteCa3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2
Tiⓘ Thorutite(Th,U,Ca)Ti2(O,OH)6
Tiⓘ ZirconoliteCaZrTi2O7
Tiⓘ Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Tiⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
Tiⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na,U,◻)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH)
Tiⓘ Fluorcalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na)2(Nb,Ti)2O6F
Tiⓘ Hydroxykenopyrochlore(◻,Ce,Ba)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH,F)
CrChromium
Crⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
FeIron
Feⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Feⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Feⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Feⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ SchorlomiteCa3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2
Feⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Feⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Feⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
CuCopper
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
SrStrontium
Srⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
YYttrium
Yⓘ Synchysite-(Y)CaY(CO3)2F
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Zrⓘ CalzirtiteCa2Zr5Ti2O16
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Zrⓘ ZirconoliteCaZrTi2O7
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Nbⓘ Hydropyrochlore(H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Nbⓘ VigezziteCaNb2O6
Nbⓘ Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Nbⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na,U,◻)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH)
Nbⓘ Fluorcalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na)2(Nb,Ti)2O6F
Nbⓘ Hydroxykenopyrochlore(◻,Ce,Ba)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH,F)
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Baⓘ Hydroxykenopyrochlore(◻,Ce,Ba)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH,F)
LaLanthanum
Laⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Ceⓘ Lucasite-(Ce)CeTi2(O,OH)6
Ceⓘ Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Ceⓘ Rhabdophane-(Ce)Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
Ceⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Ceⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Ceⓘ Hydroxykenopyrochlore(◻,Ce,Ba)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH,F)
NdNeodymium
Ndⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
TaTantalum
Taⓘ Microlite GroupA2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
ThThorium
Thⓘ ThorianiteThO2
Thⓘ Thorutite(Th,U,Ca)Ti2(O,OH)6
Thⓘ Thorianite var. Uranothorianite(Th,U)O2
UUranium
Uⓘ Thorutite(Th,U,Ca)Ti2(O,OH)6
Uⓘ Thorianite var. Uranothorianite(Th,U)O2
Uⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na,U,◻)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH)

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AfricaContinent
African PlateTectonic Plate

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References

Alves, C.A.M. 1968. Estudo geologico e petrologico do macico alcalino-carbonatitico do Quicuco. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar, Lisboa.
Lapido-Loureiro, F.E. 1973. Carbonatitos de Angola. Memorias e Trabalhos do Instituto de Investigacoes Cientifica de Angola, 11.
Issa Filho, A., Dos Santos, A.B.R.M.D., Riffel, B.F., Lapido-Loureiro, F.E.V., McReath, I. (1991) Aspects of the geology, petrology and chemistry of some Angolan carbonatites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40 (1) 205-226 doi:10.1016/0375-6742(91)90039-w
Coltorti, Massimo, Alberti, Antonio, Beccaluva, Luigi, Betina dos Santos, Alba, Mazzucchelli, Maurizio, Morais, Eduardo, Rivalenti, Giorgio, Siena, Franca (1993) The Tchivira-Bonga alkaline-carbonatite complex (Angola); petrological study and comparison with some Brazilian analogues. European Journal of Mineralogy: 5(6): 1001-1024.
Woolley, A. R. (2001) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 3: Africa - Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. The Geological Society of London.p.22
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models . Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr20091139
ZHENG, L., GU, X., & ZHANG, Y. (2014). Pyrochlore Chemistry from the Bonga Carbonatite-type Nb Deposit, Huila Province, Angola: Implications for Magmatic-Hydrothermal Processes of Carbonatite. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40, 205-226.
www.getamap.net (2015) http://www.getamap.net/maps/angola/huila/_bonga/
Amores-Casals, , Melgarejo, , Bambi, , Gonçalves, , Morais, , Manuel, , Neto, , Costanzo, , Molist, (2019) Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola) Minerals, 9 (10) 601 doi:10.3390/min9100601
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