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Cactus Gold Mine (Blue Eagle Mine; Middle Buttes Mine; Cactus Mine; Cactus Queen Mine; Shumake deposit; Shumake Mine), Middle Buttes deposit (Cactus deposit), Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District (Mojave Mining District), Kern County, California, USAi
Regional Level Types
Cactus Gold Mine (Blue Eagle Mine; Middle Buttes Mine; Cactus Mine; Cactus Queen Mine; Shumake deposit; Shumake Mine)Mine
Middle Buttes deposit (Cactus deposit)Deposit
Middle ButteTable/Butte
Rosamond- not defined -
Mojave-Rosamond Mining District (Mojave Mining District)Mining District
Kern CountyCounty
CaliforniaState
USACountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
05311670017272059212276.jpg
Cactus Queen Mine head frame

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
09982490017272093316183.jpg
Entrance to historic workings within Shumake Deposit

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
06435110017272093321342.jpg
Pre-mining Shumake Deposit

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
05311670017272059212276.jpg
Cactus Queen Mine head frame

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
09982490017272093316183.jpg
Entrance to historic workings within Shumake Deposit

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
06435110017272093321342.jpg
Pre-mining Shumake Deposit

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
05311670017272059212276.jpg
Cactus Queen Mine head frame

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
09982490017272093316183.jpg
Entrance to historic workings within Shumake Deposit

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
34° 57' 28'' North , 118° 17' 12'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
34.95778,-118.28667
GRN:
N24W69
Type:
Mine
Köppen climate type:
Csb : Warm-summer Mediterranean climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Mojave4,238 (2011)14.7km
Rosamond18,150 (2011)15.3km
Tehachapi13,021 (2017)24.4km
Golden Hills8,656 (2011)27.7km
Lancaster161,103 (2017)31.9km
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
ClubLocationDistance
Tehachapi Valley Gem & Mineral SocietyTehachapi, California24km
Antelope Valley Gem and Mineral ClubLancaster, California32km
Palmdale Gem & Mineral ClubPalmdale, California45km
Mindat Locality ID:
79878
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:79878:2
GUID (UUID V4):
0


A former Au-Ag-Cu-Pb mine and plant located in the SW¼ & NW¼ sec. 17, T10N, R13W, SBM, on a SW knob of Middle Butte, on private land (located claim). MRDS database stated accuracy for this location is 100 meters.
Often called Shumake deposit in the literature.

There has been a series of owners and operators: Owner: Summo Minerals Corp. (100%), Colorado (1997- ); owner: Hecla Mining Company (75%), California (-1997); owner: Dakota Mining Corp. (25%, Colorado (-1997); operator: Cactus Gold Mines Inc. (Owned (85%) By Hecla), California (1996); owner: Compass Mining Inc. (25%) (1990); owner-operator: Coca Mines Inc. (74%), Colorado (1990); owner: W. J. Carey (1%), California (1990); owner-operator: Cactus Gold Mines Company (100%), California (1990). As of 1994: Hecla had a 064% interest in Cactus Gold Mines Co. Cactus Gold Mines is owned by Middle Buttes Partners Limited (MBPL), & 25% by Compass Mining, Inc. MBPL is a limited partnership in which the company (MBPL) is the sole general partner (53%) & a limited partner (11%). As of January 1997, Hecla and Dakota signed agreements to sell their interest in the mine to Summo.

Local rocks include Tertiary intrusive rocks (hypabyssal), unit 7 (Northern Mojave Desert).

Workings include surface and underground openings. A leach plant operates on the property (ended circa 1995).

Production statistics:

Year: 1989 - 2,106,800 metric tons of ore treated; heap leach Au production was 59,493 ounces Au/year.
Year: 1991 - Ag production was 217,014 Troy ounces/year; Au production was 53,912 Troy ounces/year from 2,129,724 metric tons of ore.
Year: 1992 - Ag production was 138,394 Troy ounces/year; Au production was 36,283 Troy ounces/year from 318,414 metric tons of ore.
Year: 1993 - Ag production was 32,220 Troy ounces/year; Au production was 9,755 Troy ounces/year (no ore produced this year - depleted).
Year: 1994 - Ag production was 26,074 Troy ounces/year; Au production was 10,147 Troy ounces/year.
Year: 1995 - Ag production was 2,324 Troy ounces/year; Au production was 5,295 Troy ounces/year.
Mining stopped in 1992. Heap leach Au/Ag recovery was expected to continue through 1995 and end sometime in 1996.

Reserve-Resource data are found in Hecla Mining Company (1995), Form 10-K Report: 27.

The most recent reserve data were: Type: in-situ (estimated year = 1996): demonstrated reserves: 212,408 metric tons ore; total resources: 212,408 metric tons ore. Au at 1.37 grams/metric ton.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


25 valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Acanthite
Formula: Ag2S
ⓘ Alunite
Formula: KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘ Argentojarosite
Formula: AgFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
Description: Locally abundant in the oxidized zone.
ⓘ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
ⓘ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ Chlorargyrite
Formula: AgCl
ⓘ Chrysocolla
Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
ⓘ Corderoite
Formula: Hg2+3S2Cl2
ⓘ Covellite
Formula: CuS
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
Description: Abundant in some oxidized veins.
ⓘ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Description: Occurs in substantial amounts in the ore vein.
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ 'K Feldspar var. Adularia'
Formula: KAlSi3O8
ⓘ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite
Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
ⓘ Native Gold
Formula: Au
Description: Fine.
ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum
Formula: (Au,Ag)
ⓘ Native Silver
Formula: Ag
Description: A little occurs in ores.
ⓘ Plumbojarosite
Formula: Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
Description: Occurs in oxidized zones of veins.
ⓘ Proustite
Formula: Ag3AsS3
Description: Principal ore mineral.
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Scorodite
Formula: Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Stromeyerite
Formula: AgCuS
ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S

Gallery:

SiO2ⓘ Quartz
trans.png
Quartz

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
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Quartz

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
trans.png
Quartz

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
trans.png
Quartz

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
trans.png
Quartz

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
trans.png
Quartz

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
trans.png
Quartz

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
trans.png
Quartz

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2Oⓘ Scorodite
trans.png
Scorodite, etc.

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
trans.png
Scorodite, etc.

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA
trans.png
Scorodite, etc.

Cactus Gold Mine, Middle Buttes deposit, Middle Butte, Rosamond, Mojave-Rosamond Mining District, Kern County, California, USA

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘNative Gold
var. Electrum		1.AA.05(Au,Ag)
ⓘ1.AA.05Au
ⓘNative Silver1.AA.05Ag
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
ⓘAcanthite2.BA.35Ag2S
ⓘStromeyerite2.BA.40AgCuS
ⓘCovellite2.CA.05aCuS
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘMarcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
ⓘArsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
ⓘCorderoite2.FC.15aHg2+3S2Cl2
ⓘProustite2.GA.05Ag3AsS3
ⓘ'Tennantite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
ⓘ'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘChlorargyrite3.AA.15AgCl
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘAlunite7.BC.10KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘArgentojarosite7.BC.10AgFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘJarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘPlumbojarosite7.BC.10Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘScorodite8.CD.10Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘMuscovite
var. Illite		9.EC.15K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
ⓘ9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘKaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘChrysocolla9.ED.20Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Unclassified
ⓘ'K Feldspar
var. Adularia'		-KAlSi3O8
ⓘ''-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ ArgentojarositeAgFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Hⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Hⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
OOxygen
Oⓘ K Feldspar var. AdulariaKAlSi3O8
Oⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ ArgentojarositeAgFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Oⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
AlAluminium
Alⓘ K Feldspar var. AdulariaKAlSi3O8
Alⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Alⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Alⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Alⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ K Feldspar var. AdulariaKAlSi3O8
Siⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Siⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Siⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
SSulfur
Sⓘ AcanthiteAg2S
Sⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ ArgentojarositeAgFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Sⓘ CorderoiteHg32+S2Cl2
Sⓘ CovelliteCuS
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Sⓘ PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ ProustiteAg3AsS3
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ StromeyeriteAgCuS
Sⓘ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
Sⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
ClChlorine
Clⓘ ChlorargyriteAgCl
Clⓘ CorderoiteHg32+S2Cl2
KPotassium
Kⓘ K Feldspar var. AdulariaKAlSi3O8
Kⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Kⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Kⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
FeIron
Feⓘ ArgentojarositeAgFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Feⓘ PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
CuCopper
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Cuⓘ CovelliteCuS
Cuⓘ StromeyeriteAgCuS
Cuⓘ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
Cuⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asⓘ ProustiteAg3AsS3
Asⓘ ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Asⓘ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
AgSilver
Agⓘ AcanthiteAg2S
Agⓘ ArgentojarositeAgFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Agⓘ ChlorargyriteAgCl
Agⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
Agⓘ ProustiteAg3AsS3
Agⓘ Native SilverAg
Agⓘ StromeyeriteAgCuS
SbAntimony
Sbⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
AuGold
Auⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
Auⓘ Native GoldAu
HgMercury
Hgⓘ CorderoiteHg32+S2Cl2
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
Pbⓘ PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

North AmericaContinent
North America PlateTectonic Plate

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References

Blaske, A. R., 1990, Alteration, Mineralization, and Geochemistry of the Shumake Deposit: a Volcanic Dome-Hosted Epithermal Precious Metal Deposit, Kern County, California, Unpublished M.S. Thesis, Michigan Technological University
(n.d.) Minerals Availability System (MAS), U.S. Bureau of Mines.file #0060290144
Tucker, W. Burling, Sampson, Reid J., and Oakeshott, Gordon Blaisdell (1949) Mineral resources of Kern County, California. California Journal of Mines and Geology, 45, 216.
Troxel, Bennie W., Morton, Paul K. (1962) Mines and Mineral Resources of Kern County California. County Report 1. California Division of Mines and Geologypages 104, 109, 126
Southern Pacific Co. (1964), Minerals for Industry, Vol. III - Southern California: 42, 53.
Murdoch, Joseph and Webb, Robert W. (1966) Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966). California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 85, 124, 205, 233, 292, 296, 339.
(1970) Gold Districts of California. Bulletin 193. California Division of Mines & Geology
Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Skillings, Jr., David N. (1989) COCA Opens Shumake Mine and Plant for Production at Cactus Gold Mines. Skilling Mining Review, 78(4), 4-8.
California Division of Mines and Geology (1990), Mines and mineral producers active in California (1988-89), California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, Special Publication 103.
Randol Mining Directory (1990).
Blaske, Allan R., Bornhorst, Theodore J., Brady, James M., Marsh, Timothy M., McKittrick, Scott A. (1991) The Shumake volcanic dome-hosted epithermal, precious metal deposit, western Mojave Desert, California. Economic Geology, 86 (8) 1646-1656 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.86.8.1646
Hecla Mining Company (1994) Annual Report: 20.
Hecla Mining Company (1994) 10-K Report: 19.
Randol Mining Directory (1994/95) U.S. Mines and Mining Companies: 223 (Blue Eagle Mine).
Hecla Mining Company (1995) 10-K Report: 26-27.
Randol Mining Directory (1996/97) U.S. Mines and Mining Companies: 151.
The Mining Record (1997) 108(4), 3 (Jan. 22, 1997).
The Mining Record (1997) 108(32), 1 (August 6, 1997).
Point Cast Business Wire (1997) Summo Minerals-Cactus Gold Mines Continued Drilling Extends Shumake Orebody. Found on Point Cast Business Wire, 7-29-97.
(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
USGS (2011), Open-File Report OFR 2011-1034.
Blaske, A.R. (2018) Various Forms of Alunite from the Cactus Gold Mines, Middle Buttes Volcanic Complex, Kern County, California. Mineral News, 34(7) (August 2018).
Blaske, A.R. (2018) Unusual Scorodite from the Cactus Gold Mines, Middle Buttes Volcanic Complex, Kern County, California. Mineral News, 34(4) (April 2018).
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