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Retzian-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Retzian-(Ce)
Anders Jahan Retzius
Formula:
Mn2+2Ce(AsO4)(OH)4
Colour:
Chocolate brown to chestnut-brown; brown in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
4.15
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
First described by SjÃķgren (1894) as a new, Y-dominant Mn arsenate mineral from Mossgruvan (Moss Mine), Nordmark, VÃĪrmland, Sweden. Later, Moore (1968) presented crystallographic data. Re-examination of the type material by Duun & Sturman (1982) showed this to be Ce-dominant, and they redefined and renamed retzian as retzian-(Ce), in accordance with Levinson's rules. Named after Anders Jahon Retzius (1742-1821), Swedish naturalist and Professor of Botany plus the -(Ce) suffix due to the dominance of Ce in the composition.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3392
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3392:9
Similar Names
| Retzian-(La) | A valid IMA mineral species | Mn22+La(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| Retzian-(Nd) | A valid IMA mineral species | Mn22+Nd(AsO4)(OH)4 |
IMA Classification of Retzian-(Ce)
Approved
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Mn2+2Ce3+As5+O4(OH)4
First published:
1894
Approval history:
Redefined IMA 1982 s.p. from a tentative formula of Mn2Y(AsO4)(OH)4 to Mn2Ce(AsO4)(OH)4, (Dunn and Sturman, 1982).
Classification of Retzian-(Ce)
8.BM.05
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
M : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 4:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
M : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 4:1
41.3.4.1
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : (AB)3(XO4)Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : (AB)3(XO4)Zq
20.4.16
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
4 : Arsenates of Group III metals (Al, rare earths)
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
4 : Arsenates of Group III metals (Al, rare earths)
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Rtz-Ce | IMAâCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Retzian-(Ce)
Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Chocolate brown to chestnut-brown; brown in transmitted light.
Streak:
Light brown
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
4.15 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.45 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Retzian-(Ce)
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.777 nβ = 1.788 nγ = 1.8
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.023
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 Âĩm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 Âĩm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (88°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (88°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Dispersion:
r > v slight
Optical Extinction:
Parallel. X = c; Y = b; Z = a.
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = Nearly colourless to orange-yellow; Y = Yellowish brown to dark brown; Z = Red-brown to crimson red.
Chemistry of Retzian-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
Mn2+2Ce(AsO4)(OH)4
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Retzian-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pban
Setting:
Pban
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.670(3) Å, b = 12.03(1) Å, c = 4.863(4) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.471 : 1 : 0.404
Unit Cell V:
331.71 Ã
Âģ (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals prismatic [001], sometimes also tabular {010}. Forms include {010}, {001}, {110}, {130}, {101}.
Twinning:
On {150}, doubtful.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.717 Ã | (100) |
| 3.528 Ã | (80) |
| 1.848 Ã | (50) |
| 6.00 Ã | (40) |
| 1.619 Ã | (40) |
| 4.84 Ã | (30) |
| 2.335 Ã | (30) |
Comments:
Moss mine, Sweden.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Type Occurrence of Retzian-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Crystals 2-3 mm in length, prismatic or thickly tabular.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, number 145882 (type).
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden, number HS6409 (holotype).
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden, number HS6409 (holotype).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Cavities in dolomite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Retzian-(Ce)
Other Language Names for Retzian-(Ce)
Relationship of Retzian-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Retzian Group:
| Retzian-(La) | Mn2+2La(AsO4)(OH)4 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pban |
| Retzian-(Nd) | Mn2+2Nd(AsO4)(OH)4 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pban |
Structurally related to group(s):
| Retzian Group | Mn2+2REE(AsO4)(OH)4 |
Common Associates
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BM. | Gunmaite | (Na2Sr)Sr2Al10(PO4)4F14(OH)12 |
| 8.BM. | Betpakdalite-NaNa | [Na2(H2O)16Na(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O33(OH)4] |
| 8.BM.05 | Retzian-(La) | Mn2+2La(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| 8.BM.05 | Retzian-(Nd) | Mn2+2Nd(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| 8.BM.10 | Paulkellerite | (BiO)2Fe3+(PO4)(OH)2 |
| 8.BM.10 | Kolitschite | PbZn0.5Fe3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BM.15 | Brendelite | (Bi3+,Pb)2(Fe3+,Fe2+)(PO4)O2(OH) |
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Heating in a closed tube yields water. On charcoal with soda gives arsenical odours and reacts for iron and manganese.
Notes:
Easily and completeley soluble in HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Retzian-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3392.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Retzian-(Ce)
Reference List:
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.126
Moore, Paul B. (1967) Crystal chemistry of the basic manganese arsenate minerals: I. The crystal structures of flinkite, Mn2+2Mn3+(OH)4(AsO4) and retzian, Mn2+2Y3+(OH)4(AsO4) American Mineralogist, 52 (11-12) 1603-1613
Localities for Retzian-(Ce)
Showing 6 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| Plimer et al. (1983) |
Greece | |
| Stouraiti et al. (2022) |
South Africa | |
| Mitchell et al. (2004) |
Sweden | |
| Moore (1978) |
| Bull. Geol. Inst. Univ. Upsala (1895) +2 other references | |
| Holtstam +6 other references |
Quick NavTopAbout Retzian-(Ce)Unique IdentifiersSimilar NamesIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Moss mine, Nordmark Odal Field, Filipstad, VÃĪrmland County, Sweden