Siderotil
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Siderotil
Formula:
FeSO4 · 5H2O
Colour:
Yellowish, white, light green; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Silky
Hardness:
2½
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
From Greek "sideros", iron, plus "tilos", fiber, alluding to its composition and habit.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3643
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3643:2
IMA Classification of Siderotil
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Fe2+S6+O4·5H2O
Classification of Siderotil
7.CB.20
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
29.6.7.2
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
25.10.3
25 : Sulphates
10 : Sulphates of Fe alone
25 : Sulphates
10 : Sulphates of Fe alone
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Sdt | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Siderotil
Silky
Colour:
Yellowish, white, light green; colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Optical Data of Siderotil
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.513 - 1.515 nβ = 1.525 - 1.526 nγ = 1.534 - 1.536
2V:
Measured: 50° , Calculated: 80° to 86°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.021
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Low (negative)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
strong
Chemistry of Siderotil
Mindat Formula:
FeSO4 · 5H2O
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Siderotil
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.292(5) Å, b = 10.632(8) Å, c = 6.072(5) Å
α = 82.62(1)°, β = 110.01(1)°, γ = 105.18(1)°
α = 82.62(1)°, β = 110.01(1)°, γ = 105.18(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.592 : 1 : 0.571
Unit Cell V:
368.02 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Fibrous crusts; groups of divergent needle-like crystals.
Comment:
Space group P1 or P-1. Non-standard setting.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Rotation
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Labels
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0005844 | Siderotil | Peterson R C, Roeder P L, Zhang Y (2003) The atomic structure of siderotil, (Fe,Cu)SO4.5H2O The Canadian Mineralogist 41 671-676 |  | 2003 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.73 Å | (5) |
| 5.57 Å | (6) |
| 4.89 Å | (10) |
| 3.73 Å | (8) |
| 3.21 Å | (4) |
| 2.92 Å | (4) |
| 2.68 Å | (4) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates] | |
| 45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] | |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56) | |
| 55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals |
Type Occurrence of Siderotil
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Siderotil
Relationship of Siderotil to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Chalcanthite Group:
| Belogubite | CuZn(SO4)2 · 10H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Jôkokuite | MnSO4 · 5H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Pentahydrite | MgSO4 · 5H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Siderotil associated with Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| 1 photo of Siderotil associated with Halotrichite | Fe2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 1 photo of Siderotil associated with Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| 1 photo of Siderotil associated with Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| 1 photo of Siderotil associated with Antlerite | Cu3(SO4)(OH)4 |
| 1 photo of Siderotil associated with Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 1 photo of Siderotil associated with Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.CB. | Sarvodaite | Al2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.02 | Voudourisite | CdSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szmikite | MnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Cobaltkieserite | CoSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Dwornikite | Ni(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Kieserite | MgSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Poitevinite | (Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Gunningite | ZnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.07 | Sanderite | MgSO4 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.10 | Bonattite | CuSO4 · 3H2O |
| 7.CB.12 | Belogubite | CuZn(SO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Drobecite | CdSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Aplowite | CoSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Cranswickite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Starkeyite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Ilesite | Mn2+(SO4) · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Boyleite | ZnSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Jôkokuite | MnSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Pentahydrite | MgSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Chvaleticeite | Mn2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Nickelhexahydrite | Ni2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Hexahydrite | Mg(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Bianchite | Zn(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Moorhouseite | Co2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Ferrohexahydrite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.30 | Retgersite | NiSO4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Zincmelanterite | Zn(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Alpersite | (Mg,Cu2+)(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Bieberite | Co2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Boothite | Cu2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Mallardite | Mn2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Morenosite | NiSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Meta-alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 12H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Aluminocoquimbite | Al2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Lazaridisite | Cd3(SO4)3 · 8H2O |
| 7.CB.52 | Pararaisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Rhomboclase | (H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Raisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.57 | 'Caichengyunite' | Fe2+3Al2(SO4)6 · 30H2O |
| 7.CB.60 | Kornelite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.65 | Quenstedtite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O |
| 7.CB.70 | Lausenite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Lishizhenite | ZnFe2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.80 | Ransomite | CuFe2(SO4)4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Dietrichite | ZnAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Halotrichite | Fe2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Apjohnite | Mn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Redingtonite | Fe2+Cr3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Bílinite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Wupatkiite | Co2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.90 | Meridianiite | MgSO4 · 11H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in water
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Siderotil
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3643.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Siderotil
Reference List:
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.134
Localities for Siderotil
Showing 102 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Andorra | |
| Valenti Turu and Michels (1992) |
Argentina | |
| Brodtkorb (2002) |
Australia | |
| Red River Resources |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Postl (1977) |
| Postl (1977) | |
| Schnorrer et al. (2005) |
| Schnorrer+Poeverlein (2005) | |
Bolivia | |
| Smith et al. (2001) |
Bulgaria | |
| Atanassova et al. (2009) |
Canada | |
| Carson et al. (1976) |
| Sabina (1967) |
| Sabina (1991) |
| Sabina (2000) |
| Sabina (2003) +1 other reference |
| Sabina (2003) +1 other reference |
| Sabina (2003) +1 other reference | |
| Estrie and Gaspesie +2 other references |
China | |
| National Geological Archives of China ... |
| Liu et al. (2018) |
| Antong Liu and Jingbo Li (2007) |
Costa Rica | |
| Ulloa et al. (2018) |
Czech Republic | |
| Matýsek et al. (2014) |
France | |
| www.mine-capgaronne.fr (2003) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Mangold et al. (11/21) |
| Mangold et al. (10/21) +1 other reference | |
| |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) +1 other reference |
| Der Aufschluss 2000 (2) |
| Wittern (2001) +1 other reference |
| Henrich (2009) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Schnorrer et al. (1998) |
| Schnorrer (1993) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Witzke et al. (1998) |
Greece | |
| |
| |
| Rieck (n.d.) | |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya +1 other reference | |
| Mecsek-Oko |
| Szakáll & Jánosi. Minerals of Hungary |
| Szakáll et al. (1997) |
| Szakáll et al. (1997) | |
Italy | |
| Carbone et al. (2002) |
| De Michele (1974) |
| Michele Verdi et al. (2025) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Bazzoni C. et al. |
| Conticini F. et al. (1980) +2 other references |
| Conticini F. et al. (1980) +2 other references | |
Japan | |
| Nambu et al (1979) |
New Zealand | |
| Onac (2025) |
Norway | |
| Ellingsen (1989) +1 other reference |
Peru | |
| Diaby et al. (2006) |
Poland | |
| Cabała et al. (2008) |
Portugal | |
| Bobos +2 other references |
| |
Romania | |
| Edited by Szakáll-Kristály (2010) |
| Ed.:Szakáll S.-Kristály ... |
Russia | |
| Bortnikova et al. (2017) |
| Zhdanov Yu.Ya. (1998) |
| Kasatkin et al. (2014) |
| Eremin et al. (2014) |
Slovenia (TL) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Calvo (1999) |
| Mata i Perelló (1990) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Perroud et al. (1987) +2 other references |
| Ansermet (2012) |
Ukraine | |
| Alexander I. Tischenko (1996) |
| Geologiya SSSR. Poleznye iskopaemye (The geology of USSR. Commercial mineral) |
| Zanin et al. (2009) |
USA | |
| Graeme (1981) +2 other references |
| https://www.mindat.org/photo-147491.html | |
| Wenrich (1988) +1 other reference | |
| Ross (1940a) +5 other references |
| Majzlan et al. (2011) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Wayne C. Shanks et al. (2012) | |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
| Cerato |
| USGS Bull 997 |
| MinRec 16 (1) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Bernard et al. (2004) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| USGS: Geological Survey Circular 217 +2 other references |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Hammarstrom et al. (1999) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Kilburn et al. (1996) |
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Campbell Mine, Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona, USA