Byrudite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Byrudite
Formula:
(Be,◻)(V3+,Ti,Cr)3O6
ideal formula (by analogy to norbergite): V23+Ti(BeO4)O2
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
7
Specific Gravity:
4.35
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named by G. Raade, T. Balić-Žunić, and C.J. Stanley after the type locality of Byrud Emerald Mine, Norway.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
A mineral related to kyzylkumite. It is the V analogue of (the recently approved) verbierite. Unique combination of elements; also the only currently (2025) known Be-V mineral.
Byrudite has a norbergite-type structure. It consists of kinked chains of edge-sharing V and Ti octahedra. These polyhedra are interconnected by isolated BeO4 tetrahedra. It is suggested that F and OH are not present, which would be consistent with the substitution of "sellaite" component of norbergite by "rutile" component.
Byrudite has a norbergite-type structure. It consists of kinked chains of edge-sharing V and Ti octahedra. These polyhedra are interconnected by isolated BeO4 tetrahedra. It is suggested that F and OH are not present, which would be consistent with the substitution of "sellaite" component of norbergite by "rutile" component.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
43917
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:43917:4
Similar Names
IMA Classification of Byrudite
Classification of Byrudite
4.CA.
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
A : With small cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
A : With small cations
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Byd | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Byrudite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
7 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=1493 - Vickers
Comment:
~7, based on indentation measurements
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.35 g/cm3 (Measured)
Comment:
Calculated for the empirical formula with 0.84 Be apfu
Optical Data of Byrudite
Anisotropism:
Weak
Bireflectance:
Weak
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 470nm | 16.6% | 17.5% |
| 546nm | 16.7% | 17.9% |
| 589nm | 16.8% | 18.3% |
| 650nm | 16.8% | 18.6% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 18.6%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Gray
Internal Reflections:
not present
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Byrudite
Mindat Formula:
(Be,◻)(V3+,Ti,Cr)3O6
ideal formula (by analogy to norbergite): V23+Ti(BeO4)O2
ideal formula (by analogy to norbergite): V23+Ti(BeO4)O2
Common Impurities:
Ti,Cr,Fe,Al
Crystallography of Byrudite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnma
Setting:
Pnma
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.982(1) Å, b = 8.502(1) Å, c = 4.5480(6) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.174 : 1 : 0.535
Unit Cell V:
385.97 ų
Z:
4
Twinning:
Occurs on {210}.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006110 | Byrudite | Raade G, Balic-Zunic T (2006) The crystal structure of (Be,_)(V,Ti)3O6, a mineral related to kyzylkumite The Canadian Mineralogist 44 1147-1158 |  | 2006 | Byrud farm, Eidsvoll, Akershus, South Norway | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.15 Å | (w) |
| 3.72 Å | (m) |
| 2.96 Å | (s) |
| 2.57 Å | (w) |
| 2.48 Å | (vw) |
| 2.17 Å | (w) |
| 1.68 Å | (s) |
| 1.43 Å | (w) |
Comments:
From Type Description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Type Occurrence of Byrudite
General Appearance of Type Material:
single/intergrown prisms, up to ca. 1 x 0.1 mm, needle- or lath-like; may be striated along the length as a result of twinning on
{210}; six-sided cross sections observed; crystal faces uneven and indistinct
{210}; six-sided cross sections observed; crystal faces uneven and indistinct
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Type material is deposited in the collections of the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway, catalogue number 43570
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Emerald-bearing syenitic pegmatites of Permian age (Byrud); rare, primary magmatic phase within quartz
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Byrudite
Other Language Names for Byrudite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.CA.05 | Verbierite | BeCr3+2TiO6 |
Fluorescence of Byrudite
non-fluorescent
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Byrudite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-43917.html
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References for Byrudite
Reference List:
Raade, Gunnar, Balić-Žunić, T. (2006) The crystal structure of (Be, )(V,Ti)3O6, a mineral related to kyzylkumite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44 (5) 1147-1158 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.44.5.1147
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2013) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2013. CNMNC Newsletter No.17. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (7) 2997-3005 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.7.09
Raade, G., Balić-Žunić, T., Stanley, C. J. (2015) Byrudite, (Be,◻)(V3+,Ti)3O6, a new mineral from the Byrud emerald mine, South Norway. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (2) 261-268 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.2.05
Localities for Byrudite
Showing 3 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Norway (TL) | |
| Williams et al. (2013) +2 other references |
Russia | |
| Minerals 2018 (11) +2 other references |
Spain | |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
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Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway