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Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway i
Regional Level Types
Byrud Emerald Mines Group of Mines
Minnesund Village
Eidsvoll Municipality
Akershus County
Norway Country

Regional Level Types
Byrud Emerald Mines	Group of Mines
Minnesund	Village
Eidsvoll	Municipality
Akershus	County
Norway	Country

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Collectors at the dump

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

view of mine entrance

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

Families looking for emeralds outside the Byrud Mines

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

Collectors at the dump

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

view of mine entrance

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

Families looking for emeralds outside the Byrud Mines

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

Collectors at the dump

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

view of mine entrance

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

60° 25' 28'' North , 11° 11' 42'' East

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

60.42463,11.19502

GRN:

N41E05

Type:

Group of Mines

Deposit first discovered:

1869 (approx.)

Köppen climate type:

Dfb : Warm-summer humid continental climate

Nearest Settlements:

Place	Population	Distance
Minnesund	488 (2013)	3.8km
Langset	309 (2012)	4.1km
Råholt	8,593 (2013)	16.6km
Sand	946 (2010)	19.3km
Sesvoll	653 (2012)	19.5km

Mindat Locality ID:

13902

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:13902:2

GUID (UUID V4):

Other Languages:

Norwegian:

Byrud smaragdgruver, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norge

Emerald deposit, worked in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Emeralds are coloured by vanadium (and minor chromium) and contain complex multiphase inclusions consisting of water, gaseous methane, halite, sylvite, calcite and a sulfide assemblage (pyrrhotite, galena, and sphalerite) (Rondeau et al., 2007).

Pegmatite lenses in dark grey, iron sulphide-bearing alum shale (several adits along a trail leading to the mine).

Presently, the local farm owner allows collecting on the mine area and its dumps for a small fee (100 NOK or about 12 EUR per day).

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

59 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals. 1 erroneous literature entry.

Rock Types Recorded

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

ⓘ 'Alum Shale'

ⓘ 'Maenaite'

ⓘ 'Pegmatitic syenite'

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)

Formula: (CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

ⓘ Andalusite

Formula: Al₂(SiO₄)O

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃A

References:

SEM-EDS MHM Oslo 23.10.2018

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Arsenopyrite

Formula: FeAsS

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O. (2015) Arsenkis (arsenopyritt) - nytt mineral for smaragd-gruvene på Byrud, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus [Arsenopyrite - a new mineral for the Byrud emerald mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus]. STEIN. Magasin for populærgeologi, 42 (3) 22-23

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

ⓘ Bavenite

Formula: Ca₄Be₂Al₂Si₉O₂₆(OH)₂

Description: Some laumontite has been misidentified as bavenite (Ellingsen 2003)

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Beryl

Formula: Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald

Formula: Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)

References:

Nordrum, Fred Steinar, Raade, Gunnar (2006) The Emerald deposit at Byrud, Eidsvoll, South Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 33. 9-16

Nordrum, Fred Steinar, Raade, Gunnar (2006) Das Smaragd-Vorkommen von Byrud (Eidsvoll) in Süd-Norwegen [The emerald occurrence at Byrud (Eidsvoll) in southern Norway]. Mineralien-Welt, 17 (4). 52-64

ⓘ Brannerite

Formula: UTi₂O₆

Description: One microscopic grain identified by SEM-EDS (Nordrum & Raade 2006).

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

Nordrum, Fred Steinar, Raade, Gunnar (2006) The Emerald deposit at Byrud, Eidsvoll, South Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 33. 9-16 p.15

ⓘ Byrudite (TL)

Formula: (Be,◻)(V³⁺,Ti,Cr)₃O₆

Type Locality:

Colour: Black

References:

Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2013) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2013. CNMNC Newsletter No.17. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (7) 2997-3005 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.7.09

Raade, G., Balić-Žunić, T., Stanley, C. J. (2015) Byrudite, (Be,◻)(V³⁺,Ti)₃O₆, a new mineral from the Byrud emerald mine, South Norway. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (2) 261-268 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.2.05

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Cassiterite

Formula: SnO₂

References:

Rondeau, Benjamin, Fritsch, Emmanuel, Peucat, Jean-Jacques, Nordrum, Fred Steinar, Groat, Lee (2008) Characterization of Emeralds From a Historical Deposit: Byrud (Eidsvoll), Norway. Gems & Gemology, 44 (2) 108-122 doi:10.5741/gems.44.2.108

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

ⓘ Cerussite

Formula: PbCO₃

References:

Knut Eldjarn Collection

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

ⓘ Cheralite

Formula: CaTh(PO₄)₂

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

References:

Chlorite was found in a small aggregat together with muscovite (illite) and calcite. Identified at NHM, Oslo.

ⓘ Clinochlore

Formula: Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

ⓘ Clinozoisite

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Fluorapatite

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃F

References:

SEM-EDS MHM Oslo 23.10.2018

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

ⓘ Fluorite

Formula: CaF₂

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Fluor-schorl

Formula: NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Gersdorffite

Formula: NiAsS

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Haug, Jan (1983) Thorianitt og gersdorffitt, to nye mineraler fra Byrud, Minnesund [Thorianite and gersdorffite, two new minerals from Byrud, Minnesund]. Mineralogisk-Geologisk Museum - Universitetet i Oslo- Interne notater, Geologisk Museums venner. 118

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Goethite

Formula: Fe³⁺O(OH)

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Graphite

Formula: C

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Grossular

Formula: Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Gypsum

Formula: CaSO₄ · 2H₂O

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Halite

Formula: NaCl

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

ⓘ Jarosite

Formula: KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Laumontite

Formula: CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O

Description: Laumontite samples from Byrud has been erronously labelled as bavenite (Ellingsne 2003)

References:

Ellingsen, Hans Vidar (2003) Bavenitt fra Byrud. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 30 (2) 23

ⓘ 'Lepidolite'

References:

Gunnar Raade, Per Chr. Sæbø (1990) Lepidolite-2M2 and thorite from Byrud. Mineralogisk-Geologisk Museum - Universitetet i Oslo- Interne notater, Geologisk Museums venner. 150

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Malachite

Formula: Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂

References:

EDS Naturhistorisk Museum, Oslo 2010

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

ⓘ Marcasite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Microcline

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Molybdenite

Formula: MoS₂

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)

Formula: Ce(PO₄)

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Montmorillonite

Formula: (Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O

References:

Nordrum, Fred Steinar, Raade, Gunnar (2006) The Emerald deposit at Byrud, Eidsvoll, South Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 33. 9-16

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite

Formula: K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ 'Muscovite-1M'

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Nordrum, Fred Steinar, Raade, Gunnar (2006) The Emerald deposit at Byrud, Eidsvoll, South Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 33. 9-16

ⓘ Native Sulphur

Formula: S₈

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Nickeline

Formula: NiAs

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars Olav (2023) Norges mineraler [Minerals of Norway]. Lars O. Kvamsdal. p.1-477.p.35

ⓘ Opal

Formula: SiO₂ · nH₂O

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Orthoclase

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Phlogopite

Formula: KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Pretulite

Formula: Sc(PO₄)

Description: Forms as a part of multiphase (solid) inclusions in Emeralds.

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

References:

(2002) Emeralds of the World. extraLapis English 2. Lapis International LLCpp.24-35

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Nordrum, Fred Steinar, Raade, Gunnar (2006) The Emerald deposit at Byrud, Eidsvoll, South Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 33. 9-16

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile

Formula: (Ti,Nb)O₂

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite

Formula: (Ti,Ta,Fe)O₂

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20 pp.11-12

Kvamsdal, Lars Olav (2023) Norges mineraler [Minerals of Norway]. Lars O. Kvamsdal. p.1-477.p.90

ⓘ ~~Schorl~~

Formula: NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)

Description: Erronously reported in Kvamsdal & Eldjarn 2006. (L.O.Kvamsdal info 16.03.2016)

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Sellaite

Formula: MgF₂

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

ⓘ Siderite

Formula: FeCO₃

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Sylvite

Formula: KCl

References:

ⓘ Thorianite

Formula: ThO₂

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.p.26

ⓘ Thorite

Formula: Th(SiO₄)

References:

Gunnar Raade, Per Chr. Sæbø (1990) Lepidolite-2M2 and thorite from Byrud. Mineralogisk-Geologisk Museum - Universitetet i Oslo- Interne notater, Geologisk Museums venner. 150

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTiO(SiO₄)

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Topaz

Formula: Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ 'Tourmaline'

Formula: AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z

Colour: Green

Description: A XRD of a green mineral showed "tourmaline". Analysis done at NHM, Oslo (L.O.Kvamsdal info 16.03.2016).

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

Nordrum, Fred Steinar, Raade, Gunnar (2006) The Emerald deposit at Byrud, Eidsvoll, South Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 33. 9-16

ⓘ Tremolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Vermiculite

Formula: Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

ⓘ Vesuvianite

Formula: Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉

References:

Eldjarn, Knut, Kvamsdal, Lars Olav, Selbekk, Rune, Muller-Sigmund, Hiltrud (2005) Norske vesuvianer og vesuvianforekomster [Norwegian vesuvianites and localities of vesuvianite]. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 30. 30-40

ⓘ Wollastonite

Formula: Ca₃(Si₃O₉)

References:

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

References:

SEM - EDS NHM Oslo, Norway 13.06.2019

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

Gallery:

Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)ⓘ Beryl

Beryl, etc.

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

Beryl, etc.

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

Beryl, etc.

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂Oⓘ Laumontite

Laumontite

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

Laumontite

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

Laumontite

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

TiO₂ⓘ Rutile

Rutile

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

Rutile

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

Rutile

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Graphite	1.CB.05a	C
ⓘ	Native Sulphur	1.CC.05	S₈
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Nickeline	2.CC.05	NiAs
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Molybdenite	2.EA.30	MoS₂
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Marcasite	2.EB.10a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Arsenopyrite	2.EB.20	FeAsS
ⓘ	Gersdorffite	2.EB.25	NiAsS
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Halite	3.AA.20	NaCl
ⓘ	Sylvite	3.AA.20	KCl
ⓘ	Sellaite	3.AB.15	MgF₂
ⓘ	Fluorite	3.AB.25	CaF₂
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Byrudite (TL)	4.CA.	(Be,◻)(V³⁺,Ti,Cr)₃O₆
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Opal	4.DA.10	SiO₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Cassiterite	4.DB.05	SnO₂
ⓘ	Rutile var. Ilmenorutile	4.DB.05	(Ti,Nb)O₂
ⓘ		4.DB.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	var. Strüverite	4.DB.05	(Ti,Ta,Fe)O₂
ⓘ	Brannerite	4.DH.05	UTi₂O₆
ⓘ	Thorianite	4.DL.05	ThO₂
ⓘ	Goethite	4.FD.10	Fe³⁺O(OH)
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Siderite	5.AB.05	FeCO₃
ⓘ	Cerussite	5.AB.15	PbCO₃
ⓘ	Malachite	5.BA.10	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Jarosite	7.BC.10	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
ⓘ	Gypsum	7.CD.40	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Pretulite	8.AD.35	Sc(PO₄)
ⓘ	Monazite-(Ce)	8.AD.50	Ce(PO₄)
ⓘ	Cheralite	8.AD.50	CaTh(PO₄)₂
ⓘ	Fluorapatite	8.BN.05	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Grossular	9.AD.25	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Thorite	9.AD.30	Th(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Andalusite	9.AF.10	Al₂(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Topaz	9.AF.35	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTiO(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Clinozoisite	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Allanite-(Ce)	9.BG.05b	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Vesuvianite	9.BG.35	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
ⓘ	Beryl	9.CJ.05	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
ⓘ	var. Emerald	9.CJ.05	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
ⓘ	Fluor-schorl	9.CK.	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
ⓘ	Schorl ?	9.CK.05	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
ⓘ	Diopside	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Tremolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Bavenite	9.DF.25	Ca₄Be₂Al₂Si₉O₂₆(OH)₂
ⓘ	Wollastonite	9.DG.05	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
ⓘ	Muscovite var. Illite	9.EC.15	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
ⓘ		9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Phlogopite	9.EC.20	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Montmorillonite	9.EC.40	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Vermiculite	9.EC.50	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Clinochlore	9.EC.55	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
ⓘ	Microcline	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Orthoclase	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Laumontite	9.GB.10	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Lepidolite'	-
ⓘ	'Tourmaline'	-	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
ⓘ	'Muscovite-1M'	-	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Bavenite	Ca₄Be₂Al₂Si₉O₂₆(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
H	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
H	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
H	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
H	ⓘ Fluor-schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
H	ⓘ Muscovite-1M	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Be	Beryllium
Be	ⓘ Bavenite	Ca₄Be₂Al₂Si₉O₂₆(OH)₂
Be	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Be	ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Be	ⓘ Byrudite	(Be,◻)(V³⁺,Ti,Cr)₃O₆
B	Boron
B	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
B	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
B	ⓘ Fluor-schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
C	ⓘ Graphite	C
C	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Bavenite	Ca₄Be₂Al₂Si₉O₂₆(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Brannerite	UTi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Cassiterite	SnO₂
O	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
O	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
O	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
O	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
O	ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile	(Ti,Nb)O₂
O	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)	Ce(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
O	ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite	(Ti,Ta,Fe)O₂
O	ⓘ Thorianite	ThO₂
O	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
O	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
O	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
O	ⓘ Wollastonite	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Cheralite	CaTh(PO₄)₂
O	ⓘ Pretulite	Sc(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Fluor-schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
O	ⓘ Muscovite-1M	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Byrudite	(Be,◻)(V³⁺,Ti,Cr)₃O₆
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
F	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
F	ⓘ Sellaite	MgF₂
F	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
F	ⓘ Fluor-schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Halite	NaCl
Na	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Na	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Na	ⓘ Fluor-schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Mg	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Mg	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Sellaite	MgF₂
Mg	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Al	ⓘ Bavenite	Ca₄Be₂Al₂Si₉O₂₆(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Al	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Al	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
Al	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Al	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Al	ⓘ Fluor-schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
Al	ⓘ Muscovite-1M	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Bavenite	Ca₄Be₂Al₂Si₉O₂₆(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Si	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Si	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
Si	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Si	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Si	ⓘ Wollastonite	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Fluor-schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
Si	ⓘ Muscovite-1M	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
P	ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)	Ce(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Cheralite	CaTh(PO₄)₂
P	ⓘ Pretulite	Sc(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
S	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Native Sulphur	S₈
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Halite	NaCl
Cl	ⓘ Sylvite	KCl
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
K	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
K	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Sylvite	KCl
K	ⓘ Muscovite-1M	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Bavenite	Ca₄Be₂Al₂Si₉O₂₆(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Ca	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
Ca	ⓘ Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Ca	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Ca	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Ca	ⓘ Wollastonite	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
Ca	ⓘ Cheralite	CaTh(PO₄)₂
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
Sc	Scandium
Sc	ⓘ Pretulite	Sc(PO₄)
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Brannerite	UTi₂O₆
Ti	ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile	(Ti,Nb)O₂
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite	(Ti,Ta,Fe)O₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Ti	ⓘ Byrudite	(Be,◻)(V³⁺,Ti,Cr)₃O₆
V	Vanadium
V	ⓘ Byrudite	(Be,◻)(V³⁺,Ti,Cr)₃O₆
Cr	Chromium
Cr	ⓘ Byrudite	(Be,◻)(V³⁺,Ti,Cr)₃O₆
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Fe	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
Fe	ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite	(Ti,Ta,Fe)O₂
Fe	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Fe	ⓘ Fluor-schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
Ni	Nickel
Ni	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
Ni	ⓘ Nickeline	NiAs
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
As	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
As	ⓘ Nickeline	NiAs
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Nb	Niobium
Nb	ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile	(Ti,Nb)O₂
Mo	Molybdenum
Mo	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
Sn	Tin
Sn	ⓘ Cassiterite	SnO₂
Ce	Cerium
Ce	ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ce	ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)	Ce(PO₄)
Ta	Tantalum
Ta	ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite	(Ti,Ta,Fe)O₂
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
Th	Thorium
Th	ⓘ Thorianite	ThO₂
Th	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
Th	ⓘ Cheralite	CaTh(PO₄)₂
U	Uranium
U	ⓘ Brannerite	UTi₂O₆

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Baltic Shield (Fennoscandian Shield)Shield

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

Baltic Shield
- Sveconorwegian BeltShield

EuropeContinent

Norway

⭔Viken (2020-2023)County

ScandinaviaRegion

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References

Smaragdgruvene, Byrud Gård (n.d.) https://www.smaragdgruvene.no/. https://www.smaragdgruvene.no/

Cameron, E. A. (1963) Skattejaktminner fra Minnesund. Kvinner og Klær, 33

Schäfer, W. (1977) Wo man die grünen Steine findet - Zwei europäische Smaragdvorkommen. Mineralien Magazin, 1 (5) 207-216

Wiik, Geir Henning (1995) Smaragdens historie og symbolikk. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 22 (3) 155-157

Kvamsdal, Lars O. (1995) Smaragd-Byrud [Liste av mineraler funnet på Byrud] [Emerald-Byrud (A list of the minerals found at Byrud)]. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 22 (4) 193

Werner, Ronald (1998) The Emerald Mines of Byrud, Norway. http://www.nags.net/Nags/english/articles_werner/emerald_mines_byrud.htm

Nordrum, Fred Steinar (2002) Mineralogische Neuigkeiten aus Norwegen [Mineralogical news from Norway]. Mineralien-Welt, 13 (5). 56-59

Ellingsen, Hans Vidar (2003) Bavenitt fra Byrud. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 30 (2) 23

Imfeld, P., Weiss, S. (2006) Smaragde selbstgesammelt: Die Fundstelle Minnesund in Norwegen. Lapis, 31 (5) 32-35

Nordrum, Fred Steinar, Raade, Gunnar (2006) The Emerald deposit at Byrud, Eidsvoll, South Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 33. 9-16

Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20

Groat, L.A.; Giuliani, G.; Marshall, D.D.; Turner, D. (2008) Emerald deposits and occurrences: A review. Ore Geology Reviews, 34 (1-2). 87-112 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2007.09.003

Kvamsdal, Lars O. (2009) Mineraler fra Byrud. STEIN. Magasin for populærgeologi, 36 (2) 32-33

Loughrey, L.E. (2013) Boiling as a mechanism for colour zonations observed at the Byrud emerald deposit, Eidsvoll, Norway, Thesis, Simon Fraser University.

Loughrey, L. E., Marshall, D., Ihlen.P., Jones, P. (2013) Boiling as a mechanism for colour zonations observed at the Byrud emerald deposit, Eidsvoll, Norway: fluid inclusion, stable isotope and Ar-Ar studies. Geofluids, 13. 542-558 doi:10.1111/gfl.12051

Kvamsdal, Lars O. (2016) Byruditt, (Be,◻)(V³⁺,Ti)₃O₆, et nytt mineral for verden [Byrudite, (Be,◻)(V³⁺,Ti)₃O₆, a new mineral]. STEIN. Magasin for populærgeologi, 43 (1) 20-23

Kvamsdal, Lars O.; Friis, Henrik; Müller, Axel (2021) Byrud gruver; mer enn smaragder [Byrud mines; more than emeralds]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, p.21-36.

Revheim, Olav (2021) Noen norske forekomster av beryll. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2021, Norsk Mineralsymposium. 5-19

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Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, NorwayiRegional Level TypesByrud Emerald MinesGroup of Mines MinnesundVillage EidsvollMunicipality AkershusCounty NorwayCountry function showexplain() { $("#locexplain").toggle(); if (typeof movemap === "function") movemap(); }

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List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

List of minerals for each chemical element

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

References

Byrud Emerald Mines, Minnesund, Eidsvoll, Akershus, Norway i
Regional Level Types
Byrud Emerald Mines Group of Mines
Minnesund Village
Eidsvoll Municipality
Akershus County
Norway Country