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Akatoreite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Akatoreite

Maniglia Mt. Mine, Bellino, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy

Akatoreite, etc.

Akatore Creek, Clutha District, Otago Region, New Zealand

Akatoreite

Maniglia Mt. Mine, Bellino, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy

Akatoreite

Maniglia Mt. Mine, Bellino, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy

Akatoreite, etc.

Akatore Creek, Clutha District, Otago Region, New Zealand

Akatoreite

Maniglia Mt. Mine, Bellino, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy

Akatoreite

Maniglia Mt. Mine, Bellino, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy

Akatoreite, etc.

Akatore Creek, Clutha District, Otago Region, New Zealand

Hide all sections | Show all sections

About AkatoreiteHide

Formula:

Mn²⁺₉Al₂Si₈O₂₄(OH)₈

Colour:

Yellow-orange to orange-brown

Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

3.48

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Name:

Named after its discovery locality at Akatore in New Zealand.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Akatore Creek, Clutha District, Otago Region, New Zealand

Chemically and structurally similar to bunnoite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:68:6

IMA Classification of AkatoreiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

Approval year:

1969

Type description reference:

Read, Peter B., Reay, Anthony (1971) Akatoreite, a new manganese silicate from eastern Otago, New Zealand. American Mineralogist, 56 (3-4) 416-426

Classification of AkatoreiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

9.BH.15

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
H : Sorosilicates with Si₃O₁₀, Si₄O₁₁, etc. anions; cations in tetrahedral [4] and greater coordination

Dana 8th ed.:

57.2.3.1

57 : SOROSILICATES Si₃O₁₀ Groups and Larger Noncyclic Groups
2 : Insular Si₃O₁₀ and Larger Noncyclic Groups with [Si₄O₁₃] groups

Hey's CIM Ref.:

16.16.8

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
16 : Aluminosilicates of Mn

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Akt	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of AkatoreiteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

Yellow-orange to orange-brown

Streak:

Yellowish white

Hardness:

6 on Mohs scale

Cleavage:

Perfect
Good on {010} , poor on {012}

Density:

3.48 g/cm³ (Measured) 3.47 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of AkatoreiteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 1.698 n_β = 1.704 n_γ = 1.72

2V:

Measured: 65° , Calculated: 64°

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.022
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Interference Figure:

This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.

Thickness: 30 µm

Stage rotation: 0°

Dispersion:

relatively strong

Pleochroism:

Visible

Comments:

X = colorless; Y = pale yellow; Z = light canary-yellow

Chemistry of AkatoreiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Mn²⁺₉Al₂Si₈O₂₄(OH)₈

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	39.592 %
Mn	38.236 %
Si	17.375 %
Al	4.173 %
H	0.624 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Al, H, Mn, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Ti,Fe,Mg,Ca

Crystallography of AkatoreiteHide

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Class (H-M):

1 - Pinacoidal

Space Group:

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.337(2) Å, b = 10.367(2) Å, c = 7.629(1) Å
α = 104.46(1)°, β = 93.81(2)°, γ = 104.18(1)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.804 : 1 : 0.736

Unit Cell V:

613.28 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Rarely as sheaves, to 1 cm, of radiating prisms, elongated and striated parallel[100] ; fibrous, fine granular, massive.

Twinning:

Twinning: On {021} twin axis perpindicular
{021}, lamellar in thin section.

Crystal StructureHide

Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

Rotation
Stop | Start

Labels
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0005298	Akatoreite	Burns P C, Hawthorne F C (1993) Edge-sharing MnO4 tetrahedra in the structure of akatoreite, Mn9Al2Si8O24(OH)8 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 321-329		1993		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Akatoreite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Burns P C'
'Hawthorne F C'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 31 
_journal_year 1993
_journal_page_first 321
_journal_page_last 329
_publ_section_title
;
 Edge-sharing MnO4 tetrahedra in the structure of akatoreite,
 Mn9Al2Si8O24(OH)8
;
_database_code_amcsd 0005298
_chemical_formula_sum 'Mn9 Al2 Si8 O32 H8'
_cell_length_a 8.337
_cell_length_b 10.367
_cell_length_c 7.629
_cell_angle_alpha 104.46
_cell_angle_beta 93.81
_cell_angle_gamma 104.18
_cell_volume 613.285
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.501
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P -1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Mn1   0.00000   0.50000   0.50000   0.00870
Mn2   0.60854   0.42848   0.36083   0.00850
Mn3   0.83621   0.29882   0.08032   0.00790
Mn4   0.56978   0.77338   0.05242   0.00770
Mn5   0.83542   0.94289   0.37937   0.01020
Al   0.22100   0.36860   0.23320   0.00540
Si1   0.11550   0.35800  -0.18610   0.00540
Si2  -0.43170   0.10190  -0.70560   0.00570
Si3  -0.25590   0.29870  -0.32110   0.00560
Si4   0.19100   0.04800   0.19880   0.00600
O1   0.16710   0.49910  -0.25260   0.00790
O2   0.09530   0.38450   0.02940   0.00810
O3  -0.23300   0.44290  -0.38050   0.00750
O4  -0.33700   0.30470  -0.13580   0.00920
O5   0.24330   0.26430  -0.24400   0.00930
O6  -0.39560   0.22120  -0.81200   0.00940
O7  -0.34490  -0.01980  -0.77370   0.01080
O8  -0.36820   0.17410  -0.48940   0.01180
O9  -0.07160   0.27010  -0.30020   0.00920
O10   0.07500   0.05730   0.36110   0.00920
O11   0.36780   0.03480   0.27670   0.01150
O12   0.21380   0.18000   0.11610   0.00780
O-h13   0.01680   0.31250   0.32420   0.00730
O-h14   0.36260   0.36800   0.44650   0.00800
O-h15   0.10940  -0.09570   0.03480   0.01100
O-h16   0.42470   0.42650   0.14480   0.00860
H1   0.03500   0.23500   0.36600   0.01500
H2   0.33000   0.29100   0.50100   0.01500
H3  -0.01200  -0.12000   0.00400   0.01500
H4   0.42400   0.51300   0.11800   0.01500
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Mn1 0.00900 0.00970 0.00740 0.00280 0.00300 0.00140
Mn2 0.00800 0.00970 0.00710 0.00220 0.00130 0.00120
Mn3 0.00760 0.00920 0.00730 0.00270 0.00170 0.00250
Mn4 0.00830 0.00780 0.00710 0.00200 0.00200 0.00200
Mn5 0.01030 0.00940 0.01000 0.00070 -0.00080 0.00390
Al 0.00600 0.00570 0.00500 0.00210 0.00190 0.00180
Si1 0.00660 0.00590 0.00490 0.00200 0.00210 0.00290
Si2 0.00700 0.00480 0.00580 0.00120 0.00140 0.00260
Si3 0.00690 0.00630 0.00430 0.00170 0.00110 0.00270
Si4 0.00670 0.00570 0.00570 0.00130 0.00110 0.00170
O1 0.00980 0.00760 0.00800 0.00210 0.00400 0.00440
O2 0.00960 0.00930 0.00610 0.00190 0.00220 0.00360
O3 0.01100 0.00570 0.00630 0.00260 0.00240 0.00200
O4 0.00930 0.01240 0.00630 0.00250 0.00290 0.00320
O5 0.01100 0.01050 0.00850 0.00600 0.00320 0.00300
O6 0.01120 0.00900 0.00870 0.00150 0.00330 0.00460
O7 0.01340 0.00950 0.01040 0.00520 0.00260 0.00230
O8 0.01660 0.01050 0.00550 -0.00020 -0.00060 0.00180
O9 0.00870 0.01100 0.00900 0.00390 0.00050 0.00360
O10 0.00910 0.01190 0.00750 0.00220 0.00220 0.00450
O11 0.00770 0.01010 0.01810 0.00000 0.00000 0.00930
O12 0.01130 0.00560 0.00650 0.00280 0.00030 0.00130
O-h13 0.00870 0.00770 0.00700 0.00250 0.00400 0.00400
O-h14 0.00940 0.00740 0.00880 0.00330 0.00220 0.00370
O-h15 0.01280 0.00870 0.00940 0.00240 -0.00120 -0.00010
O-h16 0.00980 0.00910 0.00820 0.00310 0.00300 0.00370

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
4.665 Å	(100)
3.310 Å	(90)
2.214 Å	(80)
9.681 Å	(60)
3.466 Å	(50)
3.063 Å	(50)
2.866 Å	(50)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust	>4.50
9 : Lava/xenolith minerals (hornfels, sanidinite facies)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits

Geological Setting:

in manganiferous potassium-rich felsic metavolcanics (Norberg, Sweden).

Type Occurrence of AkatoreiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Akatore Creek, Clutha District, Otago Region, New Zealand

General Appearance of Type Material:

Rarely as sheaves, to 1 cm, of radiating prisms; fibrous granular, massive.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

University of Otago, Dunedin; Geological Survey of New Zealand, Lower Hutt, New Zealand; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 137285, 142541.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

In a manganiferous metachert and carbonate lens in schists

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Alabandite	'Apatite'	Pyroxmangite	Quartz	Rhodochrosite
Rhodonite	Spessartine	Tinzenite	Todorokite

Reference:

Read, Peter B., Reay, Anthony (1971) Akatoreite, a new manganese silicate from eastern Otago, New Zealand. American Mineralogist, 56 (3-4) 416-426

Synonyms of AkatoreiteHide

IMA1969-015

Other Language Names for AkatoreiteHide

Dutch:Akatoreiet

French:Akatoréite

German:Akatoreit

Italian:Akatoreite

Latvian:Akatoreīts

Norwegian:Akatoreitt

Russian:Акатореит

Spanish:Akatoreita

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

3 photos of Akatoreite associated with Rhodonite	CaMn₃Mn[Si₅O₁₅]
2 photos of Akatoreite associated with Rhodochrosite	MnCO₃
1 photo of Akatoreite associated with Alabandite	MnS
1 photo of Akatoreite associated with Piemontite	(CaCa)(AlAlMn³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
1 photo of Akatoreite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
1 photo of Akatoreite associated with Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.BH.	Bunnoite	Mn²⁺₆AlSi₆O₁₈(OH)₃	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BH.05	Aminoffite	Ca₃(BeOH)₂Si₃O₁₀	Tet. 4/m : P4₂/n
9.BH.10	Kinoite	Ca₂Cu₂(H₂O)₂[Si₃O₁₀]	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BH.20	Fencooperite	Ba₆Fe³⁺₃Si₈O₂₃(CO₃)₂Cl₃ · H₂O	Trig. 3m : P3m1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for AkatoreiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-68.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Akatoreite on Webmineral

Look for Akatoreite on Wikipedia

Look for Akatoreite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for AkatoreiteHide

Reference List:

Read, Peter B., Reay, Anthony (1971) Akatoreite, a new manganese silicate from eastern Otago, New Zealand. American Mineralogist, 56 (3-4) 416-426

Ounchanum, P. & Morad, S. (1987): Paragenesis of akatoreite and ganophyllite in the manganiferous rocks of the Häste Field, Norberg ore district, central Sweden. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 157, 225-244.

Burns, P. C., Hawthorne, F. C. (1993) Edge-sharing Mn²⁺O₄ tetrahedra in the structure of akatoreite, Mn²⁺₉Al₂Si₈O₂₄(OH)₈. The Canadian Mineralogist, 31 (2) 321-329 doi:10.3749/1499-1276-31.2.321

Jambor, John L., Grew, Edward S. (1994) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 79 (1-2) 185-189

(2001) Akatoreite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for AkatoreiteHide

Showing 5 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Austria
Tyrol Innsbruck-Land District Navis ⓘ Navis stream (Navis creek) ?	Kolitsch et al. (2019)

Italy
Piedmont Cuneo Province Bellino ⓘ Maniglia Mt. Mine	Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference

Japan
Kochi Prefecture Agawa District Ino ⓘ ~~Kamoyama mine~~	The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) +1 other reference

New Zealand (TL)
Otago Region Clutha District ⓘ Akatore Creek (TL)	Read et al. (1971) +1 other reference

Sweden
Västmanland County Norberg ⓘ Häste ore field	Ounchanum et al. (1987)

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Akatoreite

About AkatoreiteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of AkatoreiteHide

Classification of AkatoreiteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of AkatoreiteHide

Optical Data of AkatoreiteHide

Chemistry of AkatoreiteHide

Crystallography of AkatoreiteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of AkatoreiteHide

Synonyms of AkatoreiteHide

Other Language Names for AkatoreiteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for AkatoreiteHide

References for AkatoreiteHide

Localities for AkatoreiteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide