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Esperanza Mine [new], Pima Mining District, Sierrita Mountains, Pima County, Arizona, USA i
Regional Level Types
Esperanza Mine [new] Mine
Pima Mining District Mining District
Sierrita Mountains Mountain Range
Pima County County
Arizona State
USA Country

Regional Level Types
Esperanza Mine [new]	Mine
Pima Mining District	Mining District
Sierrita Mountains	Mountain Range
Pima County	County
Arizona	State
USA	Country

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

31° 52' 4'' North , 111° 7' 44'' West

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

Type:

Köppen climate type:

BSk : Cold semi-arid (steppe) climate

Nearest Settlements:

Place	Population	Distance
Green Valley	21,391 (2011)	12.8km
Arivaca Junction	1,090 (2011)	16.9km
Amado	295 (2011)	18.8km
Sahuarita	25,707 (2017)	19.2km
East Sahuarita	1,622 (2006)	20.7km

Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities

Club	Location	Distance
Old Pueblo Lapidary Club	Tucson, Arizona	44km
Tucson Gem and Mineral Society	Tucson, Arizona	44km

Mindat Locality ID:

11013

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:11013:3

GUID (UUID V4):

Other/historical names associated with this locality:

Esperanza pit; Esperanza open pit mines; West Esperanza Mine

A former large Cu-Mo-Ag-Au-Pb-Zn (U) occurrence/mine located in the SE¼ sec. 8, the NW¼ sec. 16 & the NE¼ sec. 17, T18S, R12E. (Batamote Hills 7.5 minute topo map), 4½ miles SW of Twin Buttes and 48 km S of Tucson on private property. Discovered by P.H. Chambers in 1895. Produced 1959-1986. Owned at times, or in part, by the Duval Sulphur & Potash Co.; and the Duval Corp. (a Pennzoil subsidiary). Closed December, 1981.

Mineralization is an ovate, massive ore body comprised of disseminated copper sulfides, oxides, and carbonates with molybdenite and minor lead and zinc minerals, and traces of torbernite in brecciated, fissured, and jointed, strongly altered Laramide intrusive complex of quartz latite to andesite invading Triassic to Cretaceous volcanics. Ore control was faults which controlled the upward movement of hypogene and downward movement of supergene metallization. Ore concentration was supergene enrichment. Metallization occurred during several intrusive pulses and alteration. Alteration included clay (moderate to intense), quartz-sericite-K feldspar argillation, silicification, and biotite. An associated rock unit is the Ruby Star Quartz Monzonite Porphyry and the Ox Frame Volcanics. The ore body is 1,280.16 meters long, 701.04 meters wide, depth to top of 30.48 meters, depth to bottom 158.5 meters and 128.02 meters thick.

Local structures include a broad NW-trending shear zone. Faults trending NE-ENE, and dipping NW and SE; NW-NNW, dipping NE and SW; N-S, and dipping E and W.

Workings were open pit operations at 1,280 meters long by 609.6 meters wide. From 1959 through 1972, some 59,000,000 tons of ore averaging about 0.5% Cu, 0.017% Mo, 0.04 oz. Ag/T and minor Au, Zn, & Pb have been produced. Ore grade has averaged 0.5% Cu and 0.028% Mo since the start of operation.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

39 valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Alunite

Formula: KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆

Description: Occurs in veinlets with or without turquoise in the oxidized capping over the sulfide orebody.

References:

Anthony, John W., Williams, Sidney A., Bideaux, Richard A., Grant, Raymond W. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.). University of Arizona Press.p.107

ⓘ Anhydrite

Formula: CaSO₄

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ Ankerite

Formula: Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂

References:

Anthony, John W., Williams, Sidney A., Bideaux, Richard A., Grant, Raymond W. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.). University of Arizona Press.p.114

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ Azurite

Formula: Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂

References:

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10186590, MAS ID #0040190003.

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

References:

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391.

Econ Geol (1980) 75:673-683

ⓘ Bornite

Formula: Cu₅FeS₄

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ Brochantite

Formula: Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ Chalcocite

Formula: Cu₂S

Description: Occurs as an extensive enrichment blanket.

References:

Schmidt, H.A., et al (1959), Disseminated deposits at the Esperanza copper mine, in Southern AZ Guidebook II, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 2: 205.

Anthony, John W., Williams, Sidney A., Bideaux, Richard A., Grant, Raymond W. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.). University of Arizona Press.pages 107, 163

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

References:

Tainter, S.L. (1947b), Amargosa (Esperanza) molybdenum-copper property, Pima Co., AZ, US Bur. Mines Rept. Inv. 4016

Kirkemo, H., et al (1965), Investigations of Molybdenum Deposits in the Conterminous United States 1942-60, Contributions to Economic Geology, USGS Bull. 1182-E: E12

Econ Geol (1980) 75:673-683

Anthony, John W., Williams, Sidney A., Bideaux, Richard A., Grant, Raymond W. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.). University of Arizona Press.pages 107, 166

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

References:

Econ Geol (1980) 75:673-683

ⓘ Chrysocolla

Formula: Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ Covellite

Formula: CuS

References:

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391.

ⓘ Cuprite

Formula: Cu₂O

References:

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391.

ⓘ Enargite

Formula: Cu₃AsS₄

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

Econ Geol (1980) 75:673-683

ⓘ Ferrimolybdite

Formula: Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ · nH₂O

Description: Occurs in the New Year's Eve Breccia.

References:

Anthony, John W., Williams, Sidney A., Bideaux, Richard A., Grant, Raymond W. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.). University of Arizona Press.p.220

ⓘ Fluorite

Formula: CaF₂

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

References:

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391.

ⓘ Goethite

Formula: Fe³⁺O(OH)

References:

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391.

ⓘ Gypsum

Formula: CaSO₄ · 2H₂O

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391.

ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ Jarosite

Formula: KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆

References:

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391.

ⓘ Kaolinite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ 'Limonite'

References:

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391.

ⓘ Lindgrenite

Formula: Cu₃(MoO₄)₂(OH)₂

Description: Very sparse.

References:

Anthony, John W., Williams, Sidney A., Bideaux, Richard A., Grant, Raymond W. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.). University of Arizona Press.p.278

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391.

Econ Geol (1980) 75:673-683

ⓘ Malachite

Formula: Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂

References:

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391.

ⓘ Marcasite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ Molybdenite

Formula: MoS₂

Description: Occurs in the New Year's Eve Breccia.

References:

Kirkemo, H., et al (1965), Investigations of Molybdenum Deposits in the Conterminous United States 1942-60, Contributions to Economic Geology, USGS Bull. 1182-E: E12

Keith, Stanton B. (1974), AZ Bur. of Geol. & Min. Technology, Geol. Survey Br. Bull. 189, Index of Mining Properties in Pima County, AZ: 135 (Table 4)

Anthony, John W., Williams, Sidney A., Bideaux, Richard A., Grant, Raymond W. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.). University of Arizona Press.p.220

(n.d.) ADMMR Mines Database, Arizona Geological Survey.

ⓘ Montmorillonite

Formula: (Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Econ Geol (1980) 75:673-683

ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391.

Econ Geol (1980) 75:673-683

ⓘ Native Copper

Formula: Cu

References:

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391.

ⓘ Nepheline

Formula: Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)

Description: Occurs in nepheline syenite in an exploratory drill hole.

References:

Schmidt, H.A., et al (1959), Disseminated deposits at the Esperanza copper mine, in Southern AZ Guidebook II, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 2: 205.

Anthony, John W., Williams, Sidney A., Bideaux, Richard A., Grant, Raymond W. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.). University of Arizona Press.p.312

ⓘ Orthoclase

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Econ Geol (1980) 75:673-683

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391.

Econ Geol (1980) 75:673-683

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Econ Geol (1980) 75:673-683

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

Description: Tungsten-rich material occurring in the New Year's Eve Breccia.

References:

Anthony, John W., Williams, Sidney A., Bideaux, Richard A., Grant, Raymond W. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.). University of Arizona Press.p.220

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

References:

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391.

ⓘ 'Stilbite Subgroup'

Formula: M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O

Description: Found in drill core in 1967.

References:

Anthony, John W., Williams, Sidney A., Bideaux, Richard A., Grant, Raymond W. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.). University of Arizona Press.p.383

ⓘ Tenorite

Formula: CuO

References:

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391.

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ Torbernite

Formula: Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 12H₂O

References:

Keith, Stanton B. (1974), AZ Bur. of Geol. & Min. Technology, Geol. Survey Br. Bull. 189, Index of Mining Properties in Pima County, AZ: 135 (Table 4)

(n.d.) ADMMR Mines Database, Arizona Geological Survey.

ⓘ Turquoise

Formula: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O

Description: Occurs in veinlets with alunite in the oxidized capping over the sulfide orebody.

References:

Schmidt, H.A., et al (1959), Disseminated deposits at the Esperanza copper mine, in Southern AZ Guidebook II, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 2: 205.

Anthony, John W., Williams, Sidney A., Bideaux, Richard A., Grant, Raymond W. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.). University of Arizona Press.pages 107, 405

ⓘ 'Zeolite Group'

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Copper	1.AA.05	Cu
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Chalcocite	2.BA.05	Cu₂S
ⓘ	Bornite	2.BA.15	Cu₅FeS₄
ⓘ	Covellite	2.CA.05a	CuS
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Molybdenite	2.EA.30	MoS₂
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Marcasite	2.EB.10a	FeS₂
ⓘ	'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	Enargite	2.KA.05	Cu₃AsS₄
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Fluorite	3.AB.25	CaF₂
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Goethite	4.00.	Fe³⁺O(OH)
ⓘ	Cuprite	4.AA.10	Cu₂O
ⓘ	Tenorite	4.AB.10	CuO
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	var. Specularite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Ankerite	5.AB.10	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Azurite	5.BA.05	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Malachite	5.BA.10	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Anhydrite	7.AD.30	CaSO₄
ⓘ	Brochantite	7.BB.25	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
ⓘ	Alunite	7.BC.10	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
ⓘ	Jarosite	7.BC.10	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
ⓘ	Gypsum	7.CD.40	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Lindgrenite	7.GB.05	Cu₃(MoO₄)₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Ferrimolybdite	7.GB.30	Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ · nH₂O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Turquoise	8.DD.15	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
ⓘ	Torbernite	8.EB.05	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 12H₂O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	var. Sericite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Montmorillonite	9.EC.40	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Kaolinite	9.ED.05	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Chrysocolla	9.ED.20	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
ⓘ	Nepheline	9.FA.05	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
ⓘ	Orthoclase	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	'Zeolite Group'	9.G0.
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Limonite'	-
ⓘ	'Stilbite Subgroup'	-	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Ferrimolybdite	Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Lindgrenite	Cu₃(MoO₄)₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Torbernite	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
O	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
O	ⓘ Cuprite	Cu₂O
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Ferrimolybdite	Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Lindgrenite	Cu₃(MoO₄)₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
O	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Tenorite	CuO
O	ⓘ Torbernite	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
F	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
F	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Na	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Al	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Si	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Torbernite	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 12H₂O
P	ⓘ Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
S	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
S	ⓘ Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
S	ⓘ Covellite	CuS
S	ⓘ Enargite	Cu₃AsS₄
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
K	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
Ca	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
Ca	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Ferrimolybdite	Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ · nH₂O
Fe	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite	Fe₂O₃
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Cu	ⓘ Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
Cu	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Cu	ⓘ Covellite	CuS
Cu	ⓘ Cuprite	Cu₂O
Cu	ⓘ Native Copper	Cu
Cu	ⓘ Enargite	Cu₃AsS₄
Cu	ⓘ Lindgrenite	Cu₃(MoO₄)₂(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Tenorite	CuO
Cu	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Cu	ⓘ Torbernite	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 12H₂O
Cu	ⓘ Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Enargite	Cu₃AsS₄
Mo	Molybdenum
Mo	ⓘ Ferrimolybdite	Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ · nH₂O
Mo	ⓘ Lindgrenite	Cu₃(MoO₄)₂(OH)₂
Mo	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
Sb	Antimony
Sb	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
U	Uranium
U	ⓘ Torbernite	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 12H₂O

Other Databases

Link to USGS MRDS:	10039594

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References

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391; and, Dep. ID #10186590, MAS ID #0040190003.

Hamilton, Patrick (1881) The Resources of Arizona - A Manual of Reliable Information Concerning the Territory. The Legislature of the Territory of Arizona. p.47

Anderson, C.A., and Kupfer, D.H. (1945) Report on the properties of the Amargosa Molybdenum and Copper Corporation, Pima County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report [unnumbered], 20 p., 8 sheets.

U.S. Department of the Interior War Mineral Report. No. 405 (1945) Esperanza Property, Pima County, Arizona.

Tainter, S.L. (1947b), Amargosa (Esperanza) molybdenum-copper property, Pima County, Arizona, U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 4016.

Schmidt, H.A., et al (1959), Disseminated deposits at the Esperanza copper mine, in Southern Arizona Guidebook II, Arizona Geological Society Digest: 2: 205.

Kirkemo, H., Anderson, C.A., and Creasey, S.C. (1965), Investigations of Molybdenum Deposits in the Conterminous United States 1942-60, Contributions to Economic Geology, USGS Bull. 1182-E: E12-E13.

Lynch, Dean W. (1966) The Economic Geology of the Esperanza Mine and Vicinity. In Geology of the Porphyry Copper Deposits. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ. p.267-280.

Engineering and Mining Journal (1970) Duval Dedicates the Sierrita Open pit: July, 1970.

Engineering and Mining Journal (1970) Sierrita Makes it with Big Equipment: August, 1970.

Keith, Stanton B. (1974), Arizona Bureau of Geology & Mineral Technology, Geological Survey Branch Bull. 189, Index of Mining Properties in Pima County, Arizona: 135 (Table 4).

Aiken, D.M., and West, R.J. (1978) Some geologic aspects of the Sierrita-Esperanza copper-molybdenum deposit, Pima County, Arizona, in Jenney, J.P., and Hauck, H.R., eds., Proceedings of the Porphyry Copper Symposium, Tucson, Arizona, March 18-20, 1976: Arizona Geological Society Digest: 11: 117-128.

Mining Annual Review (1985): 55, 94, 329.

Niemuth, Nyal J., Phillips, Ken A. (1992, July) Copper Oxide Resources. Open-file Report 92-10. Arizona Department of Mines and Mineral Resourcesp.12 - Table 1

Sawyer, M.B., Gurmendi, A.C., Daley, M.R., and Howell, S.B. (1992) Principal Deposits of Strategic and Critical Minerals in Arizona, U.S. Bureau of Mines Special Publication, 334 pp.

Anthony, John W., Williams, Sidney A., Bideaux, Richard A., Grant, Raymond W. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.). University of Arizona Press.

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

(n.d.) ADMMR Mines Database, Arizona Geological Survey.

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