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Frood Mine, McKim Township, Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada i
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Frood Mine Mine
McKim Township Township
Greater Sudbury City
Ontario Province
Canada Country

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Frood Mine	Mine
McKim Township	Township
Greater Sudbury	City
Ontario	Province
Canada	Country

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View of the Sudbury nickel mining area, in 1948.

Frood Mine, McKim Township, Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

View of the Sudbury nickel mining area, in 1960.

Frood Mine, McKim Township, Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

Aerial view of the Sudbury nickel mining area, in 1960.

Frood Mine, McKim Township, Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

View of the Sudbury nickel mining area, in 1948.

Frood Mine, McKim Township, Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

View of the Sudbury nickel mining area, in 1960.

Frood Mine, McKim Township, Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

Aerial view of the Sudbury nickel mining area, in 1960.

Frood Mine, McKim Township, Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

View of the Sudbury nickel mining area, in 1948.

Frood Mine, McKim Township, Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

View of the Sudbury nickel mining area, in 1960.

Frood Mine, McKim Township, Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

46° 32' 2'' North , 80° 59' 54'' West

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

Type:

Köppen climate type:

Dfb : Warm-summer humid continental climate

Nearest Settlements:

Place	Population	Distance
Greater Sudbury	157,857 (2014)	4.9km
Valley East	17,451 (2019)	14.9km
Chelmsford	500 (2010)	16.3km
Rayside-Balfour	16,050 (2013)	18.0km

Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities

Club	Location	Distance
Sudbury Rock & Lapidary Society	Sudbury, Ontario	14km

Mindat Locality ID:

11253

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:11253:9

GUID (UUID V4):

A nickel mine in the Sudbury nickel eruptive.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.

ⓘ Nickel

Mineral List

50 valid minerals. 3 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Actinolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Almandine

Formula: Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Altaite

Formula: PbTe

References:

Canadian Mineralogist (1973): 11: 903-912.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Argentopentlandite

Formula: Ag(Fe,Ni)₈S₈

References:

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Arsenopyrite

Formula: FeAsS

References:

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Bismuthinite

Formula: Bi₂S₃

References:

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Bornite

Formula: Cu₅FeS₄

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Breithauptite

Formula: NiSb

References:

Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, pp. 511.

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

References:

Can Min 6:555-575

Peacock, M. A. (1940) On maucherite (nickel-speiss, placodine, temiskamite). Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 25 (169). 557-572 doi:10.1180/minmag.1940.025.169.06

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

Canadian Mineralogist (1973): 11: 903-912.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Chromite

Formula: Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄

References:

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Cobaltite

Formula: CoAsS

References:

Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, pp. 511.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Cubanite

Formula: CuFe₂S₃

References:

Am Min (1936) 21:55

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

Canadian Mineralogist (1973): 11: 903-912.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Erythrite

Formula: Co₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Fluorite

Formula: CaF₂

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Froodite (TL)

Formula: α-PdBi₂

Type Locality:

References:

HAWLEY, J.E. & BERRY, L.G. (1958): Michenerite and froodite, palladium bismuth minerals. Canadian Mineralogist 6, 200-209.

Cabri, L.J., Harris, D.C., and Gait, R.I. (1973) Michenerite (PdBiTe) redefined and froodite (PdBi2) confirmed from the Sudbury area. The Canadian Mineralogist: 11: 903-912.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

References:

Can Min 6:555-575

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

Canadian Mineralogist (1973): 11: 903-912.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Gersdorffite

Formula: NiAsS

References:

Can Min 6:555-575

ⓘ Hastingsite

Formula: NaCa₂(Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Hessite

Formula: Ag₂Te

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

Canadian Mineralogist (1973): 11: 903-912.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Joséite-B

Formula: Bi₄Te₂S

References:

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Matildite

Formula: AgBiS₂

Description: originally described as schapbachite

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Maucherite

Formula: Ni₁₁As₈

References:

Can Min 6:555-575

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Michenerite (TL)

Formula: PdBiTe

Type Locality:

References:

HAWLEY, J.E. & BERRY, L.G. (1958): Michenerite and froodite, palladium bismuth minerals. Canadian Mineralogist 6, 200-209. [TL1]

Cabri, L.J., Harris, D.C., and Gait, R.I. (1973) Michenerite (PdBiTe) redefined and froodite (PdBi2) confirmed from the Sudbury area. The Canadian Mineralogist: 11: 903-912.

Childs, J.D. and Hall, S.R. (1973) The crystal structure of michenerite, PdBiTe. The Canadian Mineralogist: 12: 61-65.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Millerite

Formula: NiS

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Native Bismuth

Formula: Bi

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

Canadian Mineralogist (1973): 11: 903-912.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Native Gold

Formula: Au

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum

Formula: (Au,Ag)

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Native Silver

Formula: Ag

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Native Tellurium

Formula: Te

References:

Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10027-xp.384

ⓘ Nickeline

Formula: NiAs

References:

Can Min 6:555-575

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Parkerite (TL)

Formula: Ni₃(Bi,Pb)₂S₂

Type Locality:

References:

SCHOLZ, D.L. (1937): The magmatic nickeliferous ore deposits of East Griqualand and Pondoland I. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 39, 83-212.

MICHENER, C.E. (1940): Minerals Associated with Large Sulphide Bodies of the Sudbury Type. Ph.D. thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.

Michener, C. E., Peacock, M. A. (1943) Parkerite (Ni3Bi2S2) from Sudbury, Ontario: Redefinition of the species. American Mineralogist, 28 (6) 343-355

Petruk, W., Harris, D. C., Stewart, J. M. (1969) Langisite, a new mineral, and the rare minerals cobalt pentlandite, siegenite, parkerite, and bravoite from the Langis mine, Cobalt-Gowganda area, Ontario, Canada. The Canadian Mineralogist, 9 (5) 597-616

Fleet, Michael E. (1973) The crystal structure of parkerite (Ni3Bi2S2) American Mineralogist, 58 (5-6) 435-439

ⓘ Pentlandite

Formula: (Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈

Description: Also silver rich

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Prehnite

Formula: Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

R. G. Arnold and O. P. Malik (1974) Violarite in some nickel ores from Lynn Lake and Thompson, Manitoba, and Sudbury, Ontario, Canada Can Mineral, 12:320-326

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

R. G. Arnold and O. P. Malik (1974) Violarite in some nickel ores from Lynn Lake and Thompson, Manitoba, and Sudbury, Ontario, Canada Can Mineral, 12:320-326

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

References:

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Sperrylite

Formula: PtAs₂

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

Canadian Mineralogist (1973): 11: 903-912.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Stannite

Formula: Cu₂FeSnS₄

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Sudburyite

Formula: PdSb

References:

Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, pp. 511.

ⓘ Talc

Formula: Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Tetradymite

Formula: Bi₂Te₂S

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTi(SiO₄)O

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Tremolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

ⓘ Tsumoite

Formula: BiTe

References:

Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., Douma, S.L. (2003) Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) Open File 1787. Geological Survey of Canada

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

References:

Hawley, J.E. & Stanton, R.L. (1962): The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Part II. The facts: The ores, their minerals, metals and distribution, Canadian Mineralogist 7, 30-145.

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Gold var. Electrum	1.AA.05	(Au,Ag)
ⓘ		1.AA.05	Au
ⓘ	Native Silver	1.AA.05	Ag
ⓘ	Native Bismuth	1.CA.05	Bi
ⓘ	Native Tellurium	1.CC.10	Te
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Maucherite	2.AB.15	Ni₁₁As₈
ⓘ	Froodite (TL)	2.AC.45a	α-PdBi₂
ⓘ	Bornite	2.BA.15	Cu₅FeS₄
ⓘ	Hessite	2.BA.60	Ag₂Te
ⓘ	Argentopentlandite	2.BB.15	Ag(Fe,Ni)₈S₈
ⓘ	Pentlandite	2.BB.15	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
ⓘ	Parkerite (TL)	2.BE.20	Ni₃(Bi,Pb)₂S₂
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Stannite	2.CB.15a	Cu₂FeSnS₄
ⓘ	Cubanite	2.CB.55a	CuFe₂S₃
ⓘ	Breithauptite	2.CC.05	NiSb
ⓘ	Nickeline	2.CC.05	NiAs
ⓘ	Sudburyite	2.CC.05	PdSb
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Millerite	2.CC.20	NiS
ⓘ	Altaite	2.CD.10	PbTe
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Bismuthinite	2.DB.05	Bi₂S₃
ⓘ	Joséite-B	2.DC.05	Bi₄Te₂S
ⓘ	Tetradymite	2.DC.05	Bi₂Te₂S
ⓘ	Tsumoite	2.DC.05	BiTe
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Sperrylite	2.EB.05a	PtAs₂
ⓘ	Arsenopyrite	2.EB.20	FeAsS
ⓘ	Cobaltite	2.EB.25	CoAsS
ⓘ	Gersdorffite	2.EB.25	NiAsS
ⓘ	Michenerite (TL)	2.EB.25	PdBiTe
ⓘ	Matildite	2.JA.20	AgBiS₂
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Fluorite	3.AB.25	CaF₂
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Chromite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Erythrite	8.CE.40	Co₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Almandine	9.AD.25	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTi(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Actinolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Tremolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Hastingsite	9.DE.15	NaCa₂(Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Prehnite	9.DP.20	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Talc	9.EC.05	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	var. Sericite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Erythrite	Co₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Erythrite	Co₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
F	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
F	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Argentopentlandite	Ag(Fe,Ni)₈S₈
S	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
S	ⓘ Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃
S	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Cobaltite	CoAsS
S	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
S	ⓘ Joséite-B	Bi₄Te₂S
S	ⓘ Matildite	AgBiS₂
S	ⓘ Millerite	NiS
S	ⓘ Parkerite	Ni₃(Bi,Pb)₂S₂
S	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Stannite	Cu₂FeSnS₄
S	ⓘ Tetradymite	Bi₂Te₂S
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
Ca	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ca	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Cr	Chromium
Cr	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Argentopentlandite	Ag(Fe,Ni)₈S₈
Fe	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
Fe	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
Fe	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Stannite	Cu₂FeSnS₄
Co	Cobalt
Co	ⓘ Cobaltite	CoAsS
Co	ⓘ Erythrite	Co₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
Ni	Nickel
Ni	ⓘ Argentopentlandite	Ag(Fe,Ni)₈S₈
Ni	ⓘ Breithauptite	NiSb
Ni	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
Ni	ⓘ Maucherite	Ni₁₁As₈
Ni	ⓘ Millerite	NiS
Ni	ⓘ Nickeline	NiAs
Ni	ⓘ Parkerite	Ni₃(Bi,Pb)₂S₂
Ni	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
Cu	ⓘ Stannite	Cu₂FeSnS₄
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
As	ⓘ Cobaltite	CoAsS
As	ⓘ Erythrite	Co₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
As	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
As	ⓘ Maucherite	Ni₁₁As₈
As	ⓘ Nickeline	NiAs
As	ⓘ Sperrylite	PtAs₂
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Pd	Palladium
Pd	ⓘ Froodite	α-PdBi₂
Pd	ⓘ Michenerite	PdBiTe
Pd	ⓘ Sudburyite	PdSb
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Argentopentlandite	Ag(Fe,Ni)₈S₈
Ag	ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Ag	ⓘ Hessite	Ag₂Te
Ag	ⓘ Matildite	AgBiS₂
Ag	ⓘ Native Silver	Ag
Sn	Tin
Sn	ⓘ Stannite	Cu₂FeSnS₄
Sb	Antimony
Sb	ⓘ Breithauptite	NiSb
Sb	ⓘ Sudburyite	PdSb
Te	Tellurium
Te	ⓘ Altaite	PbTe
Te	ⓘ Hessite	Ag₂Te
Te	ⓘ Joséite-B	Bi₄Te₂S
Te	ⓘ Michenerite	PdBiTe
Te	ⓘ Native Tellurium	Te
Te	ⓘ Tetradymite	Bi₂Te₂S
Te	ⓘ Tsumoite	BiTe
Pt	Platinum
Pt	ⓘ Sperrylite	PtAs₂
Au	Gold
Au	ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Au	ⓘ Native Gold	Au
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Altaite	PbTe
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
Pb	ⓘ Parkerite	Ni₃(Bi,Pb)₂S₂
Bi	Bismuth
Bi	ⓘ Native Bismuth	Bi
Bi	ⓘ Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃
Bi	ⓘ Froodite	α-PdBi₂
Bi	ⓘ Joséite-B	Bi₄Te₂S
Bi	ⓘ Matildite	AgBiS₂
Bi	ⓘ Michenerite	PdBiTe
Bi	ⓘ Parkerite	Ni₃(Bi,Pb)₂S₂
Bi	ⓘ Tetradymite	Bi₂Te₂S
Bi	ⓘ Tsumoite	BiTe

Geochronology

Geologic Time

Rocks, Minerals and Events

1850 ± 3 Ma

Sudbury Complex, Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Canada

Ontario
- Sudbury District
  - Sudbury ComplexComplex

North AmericaContinent

North America PlateTectonic Plate

Superior Craton
- Wawa-Abitibi TerraneCraton

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

MICHENER, C.E. (1940): Minerals Associated with Large Sulphide Bodies of the Sudbury Type. Ph.D. thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.

Michener, C. E., Peacock, M. A. (1943) Parkerite (Ni3Bi2S2) from Sudbury, Ontario: Redefinition of the species. American Mineralogist, 28 (6) 343-355

HAWLEY, J.E. & BERRY, L.G. (1958): Michenerite and froodite, palladium bismuth minerals. Canadian Mineralogist 6, 200-209.

Hawley, J. E. (1965) Upside-down zoning at Frood, Sudbury, Ontario. Economic Geology, 60 (3) 529-575 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.60.3.529

Fleet, Michael E. (1973) The crystal structure of parkerite (Ni3Bi2S2) American Mineralogist, 58 (5-6) 435-439

Cabri, L.J., Harris, D.C., and Gait, R.I. (1973) Michenerite (PdBiTe) redefined and froodite (PdBi2) confirmed from the Sudbury area. The Canadian Mineralogist: 11: 903-912.

Fleet, M. E. (1977) Origin of disseminated copper-nickel sulfide ore at Frood, Sudbury, Ontario. Economic Geology, 72 (8) 1449-1456 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.72.8.1449

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Frood Mine, McKim Township, Greater Sudbury, Ontario, CanadaiRegional Level TypesFrood MineMine McKim TownshipTownship Greater SudburyCity OntarioProvince CanadaCountry function showexplain() { $("#locexplain").toggle(); if (typeof movemap === "function") movemap(); }

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List of minerals for each chemical element

Geochronology

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

References

Frood Mine, McKim Township, Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada i
Regional Level Types
Frood Mine Mine
McKim Township Township
Greater Sudbury City
Ontario Province
Canada Country