Dereenalomane Mine, Mizen Peninsula, Cork County, Munster, Irelandi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Dereenalomane Mine | Mine (Abandoned) |
| Mizen Peninsula | Peninsula |
| Cork County | County |
| Munster | Province |
| Ireland | Country |
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Durrus | 334 (2017) | 3.7km |
| Ballydehob | 271 (2017) | 5.6km |
| Schull | 658 (2013) | 7.2km |
| Bantry | 3,348 (2013) | 11.9km |
| Baltimore | 347 (2015) | 16.1km |
Dereenalomane Mine (Derreennalomane, Dereennalomane, Dreenalamore, Derrenala and "Brandon Barytes" of the returns; "Dunmanus White" was its product) is an abandoned barytes mine with minor copper on the southern slope of Mount Corrin, about a mile and a half south of the head of Dunmanus Bay and 4 miles north-west of Ballydehob, in the townland of Derreennalomane, Mizen Peninsula, West Cork.[1] It is probably the earliest barytes mine in Ireland, and one of the earliest anywhere: the lode was traced by the Ballydehob ship-owner James Bennett from ballast boulders, worked at outcrop in the early nineteenth century, described underground by Thomas D. Triphook in 1855, and worked at intervals by a bewildering succession of companies until the Dunmanus Bay Barytes Company abandoned it early in 1920.[2]
The barytes occupies a fault fissure bearing N 65° W and dipping about 80° south across the strike of the Upper Old Red Sandstone, as lenses and shoots up to 20–23 feet wide that were stoped from surface to the 86-fathom level, with a borehole from that level passing through a further 84 feet of barytes; two copper lodes, one carrying bornite, are cut by it.[3] Recorded outputs include 2,500 tons in 1854 (more than three times the whole British output that year), 1,000 tons in 1884, 6,339 tons in 1916 and a peak of 13,110 tons in 1913, the product being ground on site and carried by a mile-and-a-quarter aerial ropeway to a jetty on Dunmanus Bay until the ropeway was cut in 1920.[4] Museum bornite from the mine assayed at more than 25 % copper, and Sir Arthur Russell registered a bornite from "a small copper lode at the 63 fathom level"; the Mining Heritage Trust found the surface remains hard to trace in 2004, though the ropeway pylons still stand.[5]
Location and access
Hallissy placed the lode "on the southern slope of Mount Corin, about a mile and a half due south of the head of Dunmanus Bay and about 4 miles N.W. of the town of Ballydehob", on 6-inch sheet Cork 130 SE and 1-inch sheet 199; Cole put it "about 1 mile N.W. of the village of Derreennalomane (Portiroe of the 1-inch geological map)"; Kinahan gave the position as "four and a quarter miles N. 10° E. of Skull"; the 1850s Audley sale report described the mines as "about two miles to the north of Mount Gabriel, near the old road leading to Carrigbuie".[6]
Griffith listed "Derreennalomane, Copper" on sheet 131 under Ballydehob, and the Geological Survey's mine index gives the grid reference 090E 039N (Irish Grid V 90 39) for "Dereenelomane Mine".[7] The Earl of Bandon was the landed proprietor and original lessor of the mining rights; in 1972 the Geological Survey listed the Dereenalomane minerals as privately owned, under Prospecting Licence 2186.[8] The remains of the ropeway pylons survive, but members of the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland found little other evidence of mining on a visit in 2004; the ground is private farmland.[9]
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Geology
The lode traverses the upper beds of the Old Red Sandstone close to their junction with the Carboniferous Slate; the country rocks are grey and green slates and grits interbedded with purplish slates, striking from W 25° S to E 25° N and dipping steeply north, with a steep northward cleavage parallel to the strike, and several of the beds near the lode are copper-bearing.[10] The barytes "has all the characters of a true lode": it occupies a fault fissure with well-defined walls, bears N 65° W at a wide angle of 50° to the strike, dips about 80° south and is independent of bedding and cleavage; the hanging wall is crushed and shattered over up to two feet, the footwall smooth with a small flucan lining "which serves the useful purpose of an indicator or leader for tracing the lode through dead ground".[11]
The barytes does not fill the fissure as a continuous sheet but swells and pinches laterally and vertically into lens-shaped bodies separated by barren ground, sometimes cut out as if by transverse faults and sometimes greatly elongated vertically; Triphook in 1855 described it widening from a thread to 9–12 feet and contracting again, averaging 6 feet over upwards of 6 fathoms, the lenses persisting or even widening downwards at 6 inches per fathom.[12] The 1850s report called the barytes "a cross course, or cross lode, running in a north and south direction" against two east–west copper lodes, and argued that "if a proper depth is attained in the junction ... a large and valuable body of metallic mineral will be discovered"; Cole records the second copper lode as containing bornite and as cut by the main barytes lode.[13]
Lodes and ore shoots
The Dunmanus Bay Barytes Company's working plan and longitudinal section, reproduced by Hallissy as his Figure 4 and preserved in the Geological Survey's files as the 1:80 section from Prospecting Licence 2813, show one shoot stoped successfully to the 86-fathom level, where the walls came together; a borehole from the floor of that level passed through another lens of barytes for 84 feet of its 100; at the 40-fathom level a drive of over 200 yards south-east from the main shaft met only a small bunch, and at the 53-fathom level only quartz and small patches at 80 yards; surface borings in this section also failed.[14]
The section labels the Hauling Shaft and Ellis Shaft, "barite 4 ft thick 42 ft wide", "stoped barytes", "unstoped barytes" and "low grade", a "projected trend of barite pipe", diamond-drill holes DR.1 to DR.12 (some ending in "3 ft crushed zone" or "5 ft quartz"), and depths of 150, 240, 318, 378 and 516 feet, with "walls come together pinching barytes out" at depth and "bored in barytes 84 ft, stopped in barytes".[15] Triphook's note that at 5 fathoms the lode gave off an east–west branch, with a large bunch of barytes at the junction, corresponds to the forking shown on the old plan between the Hauling Shaft (33 fathoms) and Ellis's Shaft (25 fathoms, 220 feet to the west-north-west), the main branch 12 to 14 feet wide and the smaller 3 feet 6 inches.[16] Charles Thomas, sinking for the Durrus Barytes Company in 1883, struck a barytes lode previously missed, the miners being given two shillings each to celebrate.[17]
Mineralogy
The bulk of the barytes "is of the compact granular variety resembling marble in appearance, and is of excellent quality, being for the most part snow-white"; its compact structure kept it "singularly impervious to the penetration of iron solutions", so that acid bleaching was never needed, and it is comparatively free from quartz and calcium sulphate, though stained with green carbonate of copper near the cupriferous beds.[18] The copper of the adjacent beds and lodes is bornite: Cole names a bornite-bearing copper lode cut by the barytes, a National Museum of Ireland bornite from Dereenalomane (NMI 31) assayed at more than 25 % copper in 1963, the Russell collection holds a bornite from "a small copper lode at the 63 fathom level" (BM 1964R,00625), and Ahier noted copper replacing the barytes in places; the 1850s report speaks of grey copper ore and carbonate of copper from the trial pits, samples of the grey ore "which would yield from 40 to 50 per cent. of pure copper".[19] Kinahan recorded that Willson had noted "a bed containing copper ore, on which trials were made" beside the barytes lode.[20]
History
Local tradition credits the discovery to James Bennett, "a wealthy merchant and ship-owner" of Ballydehob, after barytes boulders used as ballast on one of his vessels were identified at their destination; he worked the deposit at outcrop and shipped the crude barytes from Ballydehob, probably to the British potteries, "in the early part of the last century".[21]
Cowman and Reilly date the rediscovery to about 1843, during copper trials, when Dr Traill, rector of Schull, and a Captain Foster worked "Wheal Bandon" at Dereenalomane for 19 tons of copper (£39) and ground barytes in a corn mill for sale from the "Croppy White Mine", a decade ahead of demand; in July 1851 Bennett, Justice and Co. advertised crude barytes "of excellent quality and colour at reasonable terms", found a Liverpool buyer at 22s 6d a ton against costs of 6s, and sold 1,400 tons undressed in fifteen months with three miners and three labourers, reaching about 15 fathoms on a lode 2 ft 9 in wide.[22] Triphook found the workings "extensive" in 1853, with two shafts, and read his paper to the Geological Society of Dublin in 1855.[23]
In January 1854 the Bandon Sulphite and Barytes Copper Mining Company of Walbrook House, London, offered £1 shares to the public, claimed 21,000 sold when perhaps £3,000 had been raised, issued receipts but never certificates, and was denounced as "a scheme by contractors and jobbers"; Captain Triphook reported from the mine and up to 3,500 tons were said to have been sold, and in July 1854 the company dissolved itself into a Barytes Company of Ireland, offering five new shares for one, "an absolute swindle practised on the shareholders"; the mine nonetheless produced 2,500 tons in 1854 and 1,291 tons in 1855, was reportedly sold to John Taylor of London in late 1855, and stopped early in 1856 with the miners unpaid.[24]
Between 1860 and 1862 some 1,620 tons of barytes were exported from County Cork, most likely from here; Martyn, Dennis and Co. of Liverpool are recorded as owners from 1862 to 1875 (the "Brandon Barytes" of the Lists of Mines, for Bandon Barytes, after the Earl of Bandon), a Bandon Barytes Mining Company bought machinery from Harvey's of Hayle in 1866, and the British Barytes Company of 1872, funded by 12,500 £4 shares, shipped four cargoes, opened a processing plant at Birkenhead in 1873, and was described in 1872 as having shipped about 5,000 tons of crude barytes a year since 1862 from a mine then 40 fathoms deep with a steam engine pumping and winding, before shipping spar instead of barytes in 1875 and surrendering its lease.[25]
John T. Matthews's Durrus Barytes Company reopened the mine in 1882–83 under his son John Hobson Matthews, with Charles Thomas as captain, shipping 2,350 tons in 1883–87 (150 tons in 1883, 1,000 in 1884, 800 in 1885, 400 in 1887) before closing in 1887–90; an indenture of November 1896 leased the derelict mine to Arthur Cave's Mount Gabriel Barytes and Umber Company, which produced in 1897–99, followed by the Irish Barytes and Umber Company from 1903 (E. J. Whelan manager), reconstructed about 1908 as Dereenalomane Barytes Mines Ltd (John Inglis), with outputs of 953 tons in 1903, 1,139 in 1904, a low of 888 tons (£666) in 1907 and a peak of 13,110 tons (nearly £10,000) in 1913, employment rising from 17 in 1909 to 82–83 in 1912–13, a diesel engine and a 185 hp gas-powered mill by 1909, and an aerial ropeway built after 1909.[26]
The company went into liquidation in 1914 and sold its assets to the Dunmanus Bay Barytes Company of 24 Finsbury Square, London, whose manager Frank H. Ahier ran the mine through the war with about 150 employed by 1916 at 27s 6d a week; the barytes was washed, dried in a revolving furnace, crushed, rolled between steel rollers and milled with French buhr-stones, bagged, and carried by the ropeway to an island jetty near the head of Dunmanus Bay for shipment to Liverpool, London or Glasgow as "Dunmanus White"; 6,339 tons were returned for 1916; a borehole south-east of the reservoir failed to strike the lode in 1919; the ropeway cable was cut and its wagons thrown into the sea in 1920, and the mine was finally abandoned early that year.[27] Mianraí Teoranta's investigators reported in 1946 that the mine had been "pretty well worked out down to 600 feet" and that reopening was hardly warranted; Ahier himself, writing in 1951 as manager of Lord Leconfield's mines, put the reserves as small, stoped to the 86-fathom level, but urged a geological and geophysical survey along the strike where the 2-inch flucan could be traced, and drilled at Dereenalomane again that year without result.[28]
The Mining Journal adds three contemporary notices. In February 1878 a correspondent signing himself Veritas, of Glandore, told Thomas Tonkin that "there never was an ounce of barytes of the justly celebrated Dereenalomane Barytes Mine shipped in Dunmanus Bay. It is, and always was, shipped at Ballydehob, the freight being much lower at the latter port", which fixes the shipping route before the Dunmanus Bay ropeway of the 1914 to 1920 working.[29] In May 1880 William Thomas, in his Short Notices on Irish Mines, described the range running east from Three Castle Head to Mount Kid for about 20 miles, with Castlebane at 600 ft and Mount Corin at 940 ft, "on its western slope is the Dereenalomane Barytes" mine.[30]
In July 1883 the paper reported the mine "about a mile to the north-east of Mount Gabriel, on the western slope of Mount Corin, on the property of the Earl of Bandon" as "a valuable mine of the sulphate of barytes; it occurs commercially pure, yielding 98 per cent. of baryta", used by cotton manufacturers, paint and colour makers, and makers of paper, porcelain, pottery, plate-glass and chemicals; "splendid mirrors may be seen at Castle Bernard" made from its produce; the works were "in active operation by English capitalists, under the superintendence of Capt. Wm. Thomas", with grinding machinery about to be erected on the spot; Cowman and Reilly name Captain Charles Thomas for the Durrus Barytes Company of this period, so the two accounts differ on the captain's forename.[31]
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Workings and surface remains
The old plan shows the Hauling Shaft to 33 fathoms and Ellis's Shaft, 220 feet to the west-north-west, to 25 fathoms, the western section of the mine being caved in by the 1920s; the Dunmanus Bay company's shoot was stoped to the 86-fathom level with drives at the 40- and 53-fathom levels and a 100-ft borehole below; a steam engine pumped and wound in 1872, a winding engine with smoking chimney appears in J. H. Matthews's sketch of the 1880s, and the last phase had a diesel engine, a gas-powered mill, a reservoir and the aerial ropeway to Dunmanus Bay.[32] The remains of the ropeway pylons survive; the Mining Heritage Trust found little else in 2004, and the Geological Survey's photographic record of the site is held in its mine files.[33]
Production
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Mining Journal references
The issues below are the Mining Journal notices of Dereenalomane located in the Internet Archive run of the paper (collection pub_mining-journal, OCR text searched for Dereenalomane and its spellings); the 1854 Bandon Sulphite and Barytes Copper Mining Company affair is reported under the company's name rather than the mine's, and the run has no issues for 1860 or for 1886 to 1893.
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Environmental data
The mine was not included in the EPA/GSI historic-mine inventory of 2009 and no water or waste analyses have been published.[34]
Collecting and specimens
The snow-white compact barytes, locally stained with green carbonate of copper, and the bornite of the copper beds are the minerals of record; specimens in public collections are the National Museum of Ireland bornite assayed in 1963 (NMI 31) and the Russell collection bornite from the 63-fathom level at the Natural History Museum, London (BM 1964R,00625).[35] The ground is private and the shafts are caved or filled; nothing of the workings is accessible.[36]
References
1. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, Dereennalomane section (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, pp. 184–187); Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, Derreennalomane entries under Barytes and Copper (typed extracts in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, pp. 189–190).
2. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, pp. 184–187); Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 190); Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, pp. 101–102 and 134.
3. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, pp. 185–186); Ahier, F.H. (1951) Manager's report on Dereenalomane barytes mine, Lord Leconfield's Mines, Cockermouth, 29 October 1951, copy in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554180, Mine Records: Derreenalomane Reports), pp. 1–2; Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 190).
4. Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 190); Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, pp. 186–187); Cowman, D. (2010) The Baryte Mines of West Cork. Journal of the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland 10, 3–10, pp. 8–9.
5. Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, Table 6, p. 107; Natural History Museum, London, register of the Sir Arthur Russell mineral collection (BM 1964R series), Irish entries as listed by the Department of Mineralogy, entry BM 1964R,00625; Cowman, D. (2010) The Baryte Mines of West Cork. Journal of the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland 10, 3–10, p. 9.
6. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 185); Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 190); Kinahan, G.H. (1861) in Jukes, J.B., Du Noyer, G.V., Willson, W.L., Wyley, A. & Kinahan, G.H., Explanations to accompany Sheets 200, 203, 204 and 205, and part of 199, of the maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, p. 21; Report on the Dreenalamore barytes and copper mines, mid-1850s, printed in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 192).
7. Griffith, R. (1861) List of localities in Ireland where mines and metalliferous indications have been discovered, as reprinted in Jukes, J.B., Du Noyer, G.V., Willson, W.L., Wyley, A. & Kinahan, G.H. (1861) Explanations to accompany Sheets 200, 203, 204 and 205, and part of 199, of the maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, p. 27; Geological Survey of Ireland mine index, West Cork (GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 1).
8. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 187); Geological Survey of Ireland (1972) letter of 29 December 1972 on barytes in Ireland with a table of mineral ownership of Cork barytes (GSI Goldmine record 9554148, Mine Records: Barytes West Cork report correspondence, p. 2).
9. Cowman, D. (2010) The Baryte Mines of West Cork. Journal of the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland 10, 3–10, p. 9.
10. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 185); Ahier, F.H. (1951) Manager's report on Dereenalomane barytes mine, Lord Leconfield's Mines, Cockermouth, 29 October 1951, copy in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554180, Mine Records: Derreenalomane Reports), p. 1.
11. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 185).
12. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, pp. 185–186), citing Triphook, T.D. (1856) On the occurrence of sulphate of barytes in the south-west of the County of Cork. Journal of the Geological Society of Dublin 6, 218–222.
13. Report on the Dreenalamore barytes and copper mines, mid-1850s, printed in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 192); Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 190).
14. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, pp. 185 and 188) (Fig. 4); Section of Derreenalomane mine, S.W. Cork, PL 2813, scale 1:80 (Plate 4). Geological Survey of Ireland open-file item (GSI Goldmine record 10206962).
15. Section of Derreenalomane mine, S.W. Cork, PL 2813, scale 1:80 (Plate 4). Geological Survey of Ireland open-file item (GSI Goldmine record 10206962).
16. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 186).
17. Cowman, D. (2010) The Baryte Mines of West Cork. Journal of the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland 10, 3–10, p. 9, citing the diary and indenture of John Hobson Matthews in the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland archive.
18. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 186); Ahier, F.H. (1951) Manager's report on Dereenalomane barytes mine, Lord Leconfield's Mines, Cockermouth, 29 October 1951, copy in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554180, Mine Records: Derreenalomane Reports), p. 1.
19. Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 190); Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, Table 6, p. 107; Natural History Museum, London, register of the Sir Arthur Russell mineral collection (BM 1964R series), entry BM 1964R,00625; Ahier, F.H. (1951) Manager's report on Dereenalomane barytes mine, Lord Leconfield's Mines, Cockermouth, 29 October 1951, copy in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554180, Mine Records: Derreenalomane Reports), p. 2; Report on the Dreenalamore barytes and copper mines, mid-1850s, printed in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 192).
20. Kinahan, G.H. (1861) in Jukes, J.B., Du Noyer, G.V., Willson, W.L., Wyley, A. & Kinahan, G.H., Explanations to accompany Sheets 200, 203, 204 and 205, and part of 199, of the maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, p. 21.
21. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, pp. 184 and 186).
22. Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, pp. 40 and 101; Cowman, D. (2010) The Baryte Mines of West Cork. Journal of the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland 10, 3–10, pp. 8–9, citing Mining Journal 1851 p. 485 and 1854 p. 166.
23. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, pp. 184 and 186).
24. Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, pp. 101–102 and Table 5; Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 190) (Mineral Statistics 1854 p. 81: 2,500 tons from "Derrenala" against 803 tons from three British localities; 1,291 tons by the Barytes Company of Ireland in 1855).
25. Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, p. 134; Cowman, D. (2010) The Baryte Mines of West Cork. Journal of the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland 10, 3–10, p. 9, citing Cundick, R. (2002) Harveys of Hayle: sales to Irish mines 1823–1884. Journal of the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland 2, p. 19, the Skibbereen Eagle of 23 November 1872 and Mining Journal 1872 p. 864, 1873 p. 1267 and 1875 p. 799; Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 187).
26. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 187); Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, p. 134; Cowman, D. (2010) The Baryte Mines of West Cork. Journal of the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland 10, 3–10, pp. 5 and 9, citing the Matthews diary and indenture, the Mineral Statistics and the Southern Star of 6 November 1909.
27. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, pp. 186–187); Cowman, D. (2010) The Baryte Mines of West Cork. Journal of the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland 10, 3–10, p. 9, citing the Southern Star of 23 October 1915 and 22 January 1916 and the Cork Examiner of 10 April 1920; Geological Survey Office (1919) letter to Frank H. Aher on the site of the borehole, 23 July 1919 (GSI Goldmine record 9554176, Mine Records: Derreenalomane Exploration Drilling).
28. Nelson, T.R.H. and Dixon, L. (1946) Reports on barytes in West Cork to Mianraí Teoranta, May–June 1946 (GSI Goldmine record 9554179, Mine Records: Derreenalomane Production History, pp. 3–4); Ahier, F.H. (1951) Manager's report on Dereenalomane barytes mine, Lord Leconfield's Mines, Cockermouth, 29 October 1951, copy in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554180, Mine Records: Derreenalomane Reports), pp. 1–2; Cowman, D. (2010) The Baryte Mines of West Cork. Journal of the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland 10, 3–10, p. 9.
29. The Mining Journal (London), 23 February 1878, Vol. 48 No. supplement, letter signed Veritas of Glandore dated 19 February 1878 replying to Thomas Tonkin on mining in Ireland (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1878-02-23_48_supplement).
30. The Mining Journal (London), 22 May 1880, Vol. 50 No. supplement, Thomas, W., Short Notices on Irish Mines (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1880-05-22_50_supplement).
31. The Mining Journal (London), 21 July 1883, Vol. 53 No. 2500, article on the mineral resources of West Cork (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1883-07-21_53_2500).
32. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, pp. 185–187); Cowman, D. (2010) The Baryte Mines of West Cork. Journal of the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland 10, 3–10, p. 9 and Figs 7 and 9; Geological Survey Office (1919) letter to Frank H. Aher on the site of the borehole, 23 July 1919 (GSI Goldmine record 9554176, Mine Records: Derreenalomane Exploration Drilling).
33. Cowman, D. (2010) The Baryte Mines of West Cork. Journal of the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland 10, 3–10, p. 9; Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, Derreenalomane photographic record (GSI Goldmine record 9554177).
34. EPA/GSI (2009) Historic Mine Sites – Inventory and Risk Classification, Vol. 1 and site reports. Environmental Protection Agency and Geological Survey of Ireland, Wexford and Dublin (no Dereenalomane site report).
35. Hallissy, T. (1923) Barytes in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Reports, p. 186); Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, Table 6, p. 107; Natural History Museum, London, register of the Sir Arthur Russell mineral collection (BM 1964R series), entry BM 1964R,00625.
36. Cowman, D. (2010) The Baryte Mines of West Cork. Journal of the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland 10, 3–10, p. 9.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 References: |
| ⓘ Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 Description: From a small copper lode at the 63 fathom level of the mine. (Sir Arthur Russell) References: |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 References: |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 References: |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 References: |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 References: |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.00.05 | SiO2 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
- Rheno-Hercynian BeltOrogenic Belt
