Coosheen Mine (Cosheen Mine; Skull Bay Mine), Coosheen, Schull, Mizen Peninsula, Cork County, Munster, Irelandi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Coosheen Mine (Cosheen Mine; Skull Bay Mine) | Mine |
| Coosheen | - not defined - |
| Schull | - not defined - |
| Mizen Peninsula | Peninsula |
| Cork County | County |
| Munster | Province |
| Ireland | Country |
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Schull | 658 (2013) | 1.4km |
| Ballydehob | 271 (2017) | 6.1km |
| Durrus | 334 (2017) | 10.8km |
| Baltimore | 347 (2015) | 11.9km |
| Skibbereen | 2,098 (2012) | 18.3km |
Coosheen Mine (Cosheen, Cooshen, Goshen; the Skull Bay or Schull Bay Copper Mine of 1859–65) is an abandoned copper mine on the east side of Schull Harbour, in the townlands of Coosheen and Ardintenant about a mile east of Schull, Mizen Peninsula, West Cork.[1] Discovered about 1839 by the Cork solicitor William Connell and Joseph McMullen, opened under the Cornish captain John Martin and managed from the early 1840s by Captain William Thomas, it worked a small but exceptionally rich near-surface deposit, was selling ore at Swansea by 1840, sold 1,957 tons of ore at up to 12–18 % copper between 1840 and 1847, and was hailed by the Times commissioner in 1845 as "the richest mine in the world" after a parcel assayed 43 per cent copper; the main lode, heaved by the great cross-course, was refound by Thomas with its celebrated malachite, but the famine years and the shareholders' refusal to spend on development brought the first company to a voluntary winding-up in March 1849.[2][3]
Later companies worked it in 1853–57, 1859–64 and, under Samuel Hyde's Ballycummisk company, 1872–77, with trifling revivals in 1888–90 and 1906–07; total recorded output is about 2,500 tons and the deepest level lies about 36 fathoms below the deep adit, roughly 100 m below the hilltop.[4] The mine is mineralogically notable for the malachite that occurred "in pipe-like formation" near surface: Captain Thomas recorded "specimens of malachite... weighing from thirty to fifty pounds each" from Thomas's lode, and Cowman & Reilly note "lumps of malachite of tens of pounds in weight"; the copper ores were chalcopyrite, bornite and argentiferous tetrahedrite in eleven steep east–west quartz veins.[5] Much of the site is now landscaped ground, holiday houses and a derelict golf course; the EPA historic-mine inventory scored it 1 (Class V), and the two mining complexes and magazine are recorded monuments.[6]
Location and access
Irish Grid V 941 312 (EPA site reference E94118 N31226; earlier Mindat reading V945310; Hodnett gives V 940 312 on OS Discovery sheet 88); 6-inch sheets Cork 139 SE and 140 SW; 1-inch sheet 199; GSI 1:100,000 sheet 24; GSI mine-record grid 09396E 03113N.[7] The mine "is advantageously situated on the side of a hill at Skull harbour" (Kane, 1844), the workings running from the shore east of the harbour up to the summit ridge; the main adit was "about 230 yards W.S.W. of Coosheen Cottage" in 1932.[8]
The EPA survey of 2007 located the remains of the Diagonal and Mullin's shafts of the six marked on the OS 6-inch sheets, a warning sign for the Engine shaft in a wooded area on private land, the stone-lined shallow adit about 2 m wide still discharging mine water, the marshy site of the deep adit with a drain pipe, stone-wall fragments and machine bases of the engine house and pump house in a pasture beside a farmhouse, and mineralised beach pebbles on the shore at the lower dressing floor.[9] A sizeable part of the site is a derelict golf course, on which a renovated powder house and the back-filled adit level can be seen; five fenced shafts stand on the hilltop with the largely obliterated ruins of the engine house of 1860, bulldozed by the local council in the 1980s as dangerous; a Fáilte Ireland photograph of about 1970 shows Hick's engine house then still standing to its full height with the chimney.[10]
Coosheen mine features (ITM) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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[11]
Geology
The workings are in grey-green and greenish slates and grits of the Upper Devonian Toe Head and Castlehaven Formations on the south side of the Ballydehob anticline; Hyde noted that the killas south of Coosheen dips north at 40–60°, placing the mine on a small synclinal axis, and Kinahan mapped a small syncline "due south of Ballydehob, near the coast... which extends towards the W.S.W., and brings in a small patch of Carboniferous slate on the W. of Skull Harbour".[12]
The lodes, "resembling beds, as is usual in West Carbery", strike east–west to E 25° N and underlie south; the quartz veins follow the strike of the greenish slates and grey grits, and "all the old workings for copper here were on these quartz-invaded beds".[13] A nearly north–south cross-course or fault about three furlongs east of Skull Harbour, "proved to be a compound fault, as it splits into three as it goes both north and south from the old lode", is taken by Kinahan to be part of the great fault on the east of Mount Gabriel that "runs S. through the Coosheen mine" and continues to the sound between the Calf Islands and the harbours of Clear Island; Hyde described the sett as "traversed from north to south by a cross course or fault, accompanied by a parallel and well-determined flucan, which seems to have shifted the lodes", and local tradition in 1932 held that the fault "was only mineral bearing at the points where it intersected the copper-bearing quartz-invaded beds".[14]
The 1861 plan shows this Cross Course and a Slide crossing the workings, with the Diagonal Shaft sunk on the "East Cross Course".[15] Hyde regarded the Coosheen and Ballycummisk lodes as "the same, and all more or less parallel to the strike of the Upper Old Red beds", with five faults between Cappagh and Skull Harbour affecting both; Kinahan saw the Gortnamona, Derreennatra, Kilbronoge and Rossbrin lodes as "the connexion between the lodes at Coosheen and the lodes in Ballycummisk".[16] Dana Exploration's 1988 induced-polarisation survey east of the old workings, in Ardintenant, interpreted a shallow silicified zone with disseminated sulphides in quartz-filled fractures controlled by strike faults, narrowing eastwards, with a second narrow anomaly on Line 300E; an earlier pole-dipole survey for Irish Metal Mining Ltd in 1969 produced anomalies attributed mainly to fences.[17] For the regional genetic models (Wen et al. 1996; Lang 2022) see the Ballycummisk entry.
Lodes and ore shoots
Kinahan's memoir tabulates the eleven lodes "worked or proved" by 1860, "recorded under the names given them by Captain W. Thomas, the resident agent"; most had been proved only near surface "and seem to be beds, not regular lodes". A quartz vein between Nos 1 and 3, the "Sperry lode", was seen but not tried.[18]
Coosheen lodes as named by Captain William Thomas (Kinahan 1861) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hyde in 1870 counted "no less than eleven lodes, which some years since were proved and worked upon", seven of them copper-bearing "containing either yellow, purple, and gray ore, or green carbonate", bearing from E 10° N to E 25° N and underlying south; "at 42 fathoms from the surface, and 16 fathoms below the deep adit, the No. 6 or old lode dipped south 6° in 1 (or 80°), and contained a leader of 7 inches of solid gray copper — the remaining 6 feet of the lode being composed of quartz, gray copper, green carbonate, and blue peach."[19] Kinahan adds that "in one part of the old workings, on the hade of this lode, there was a thick mass of gossen full of the green carbonate that extended downwards for sixteen fathoms; this is now all worked out".[20] The 1878 plan names Thomas's Lode, Campbell's Lode, Carmichael's Lode and the Old Lode along the working plan.[21]
Later accounts vary the count: Thomas spoke in 1880 of "a belt of eight parallel lodes" within about 120 fathoms; a writer of 1862 placed "three parallel lodes north of the lode on which the engine-shaft is being sunk, within a distance of 40 fathoms"; William Tonkin complained in 1863 of "four parallel lodes within from 10 to 15 fms of each other almost wholly unexplored ... from the cross-course west to the sea — 200 fms or more"; the three south lodes were found in a cross-cut south on a cross-course and two of them re-intersected 120 fathoms farther west in 1863; and the malachite lode of 1862 was "a newly-discovered and vughy lode, 40 ft wide".[22]
Mineralogy
Malachite was "the most prominent copper ore here, and its occurrence seems to have been very irregular and often in pipe-like formation" (Duffy 1932); the near-surface gossan of the Old lode was "full of the green carbonate" for sixteen fathoms down, Thomas's lode yielded the 30–50-lb specimens, and Cowman & Reilly record "lumps of malachite of tens of pounds in weight"; in March 1846 the mine was reported to be producing "beautiful specimens of emerald green malachite, which was being carved into ornaments", and in October 1861 Captain Thomas wrote that the lode named after him "was producing extremely good specimens of green malachite"; very few specimens survive in collections (the March 1846 quotation could not be found in the Internet Archive text of that issue and awaits verification against the original).[23][24] The primary ores are chalcopyrite ("yellow ore": North, New and Carmichael's lodes), bornite ("purple ore": Thomas's and Campbell's lodes; Weaver's "bornite, copper pyrites and copper carbonates") and grey copper, tetrahedrite–tennantite (Maitland's and the Old lode; the "solid gray copper" leader of 1870).[25]
Museum assays list Coosheen material as cuprite, malachite with cuprite (National Museum of Ireland 34a, +35 % Cu), tetrahedrite with quartz (NMI 35, 1.1 oz silver per ton) and bornite with malachite (GSI 119, 54.5 oz silver per ton), with the caveat that small museum specimens are not representative of the veins; the 1872 Ballycummisk prospectus published Coosheen assays of 22 oz 17 dwt of silver per ton in 45.12 % copper ore with a trace of gold.[26] Natural History Museum (London) collection lists include Coosheen azurite, malachite and cuprite from dump material.[27] Gangue: quartz, "blue peach" (chlorite), gossan (a "dark gossan" forms the New lode and a GSI locality card records "Gossan – Coosheen"), and barytes, fragments of which lie with copper carbonate in quartz on the dump of the old shaft at the north-east corner of the townland; pyrite ("mundic") characterises the two South lodes.[28] Regional summaries give the Coosheen assemblage as malachite in pipe-like masses with chalcopyrite, bornite and tetrahedrite.[29]
The Mining Journal's own record of the mineralogy is fuller than the secondary accounts. In 1851 it described the ores as "principally composed of grey copper ore, buntkupfererz, and malachite, together with peacock ore, of a high percentage"; in January 1853 it wrote that the mine had produced "probably some of the finest specimens of malachite found in Europe"; in September 1855 a winze under the deep adit cut "grey ore, mixed with gossan, quartz, carbonates, malachites, and oxides of every colour, worth £35 per fathom"; and in 1859 its correspondent found the ores raised to have been "chiefly purple and yellow ore, with malachite — massive, fibrous, and mammillary".[30]
In February 1862 the Schull Bay company sent about five hundredweight of specimens to London for the International Exhibition, "malachite and other ores of copper ... some fine samples of the lower quality carbonates, as well as of red oxide and grey and purple ore", the paper remarking that "within the past 20 years the aggregate yield of malachite from all the mines in the kingdom has been less than the parcel now received in London from the Schull Bay Mine"; the malachite came from "a newly-discovered and vughy lode, 40 ft wide", assaying 58 per cent copper, "the malachite forming the sides of the vughs in the lode, which is a rich variegated copper ore", and a visitor in July 1862 found the cross-course then being driven "full of malachite and greens", its killas, gossan and carbonates "cabinet specimens".[31]
A description of 1869 explains the original find: east of the cross-course Thomas's lode "made a mass of rich copper ore and malachite, some lumps of which, of beautiful green colour, weighed from 30 to 40 lbs"; "malachite was nowhere found in Coosheen Mine at a greater depth than 10 fms from surface. Some fine specimens were found in the old lode, but the largest quantity was found in Thomas's lode. Large lumps were given away to friends, and the small pieces broken up and sold as copper ore. This was nearly 30 years ago, when malachite was not so much known or valued as at the present time."[32]
Thomas himself put the limit at about 14 fathoms in 1880, the paper judged the Coosheen malachite "quite equal in value to Russian or Australian malachite" in 1883, and a correspondent of 1879 claimed that the green carbonate "has been got in cartloads".[33] Two further species rest on the paper alone: a chrysocolla from Cosheen was one of "two splendid specimens" shown at a London lecture on copper minerals in 1857, and Kane's account of Irish iron ores, reprinted in 1854, records "fine specimens" of specular iron (hematite) "from the Cosheen mines, at Skibbereen ... associated with ore of copper".[34]
In 1885 Thomas cut a new lode about 16 fathoms south of and parallel with the old lode, in which "the rich yellow or bell-metal ore, coated with black oxide of copper, is found in solid veins traversing a matrix of soft, decomposing quartz, and small pieces of this ore, by the warmth of the hand explode with a crackling sound"; a sample of this decrepitating chalcopyrite sent to London late in 1884 was analysed by B. Blount for the Chemical Society, who found it "remarkable on account of its richness".[35]
History
Copper was noted at Coosheen in Adam Murray's 1833 valuation of the Audley estate ("a great deal of green ore at this place"), and in 1839 a group of Cork businessmen headed by the solicitor William Connell, with McMullen, Maitland, Carmichael and William Thomas among the partners and a capital of £2,950 in 128 shares of £33 10s, drove an adit into "a large lode of copper, rich in its upper parts though somewhat irregular".[36]
Kane in 1844 found "a deep adit level... driven in, just above high water mark, for about 250 fathoms, in the course of the principal lode", the ore extracted by railway, the adit being driven farther south to cut parallel lodes, about 130 hands employed under Mr Thomas, and Swansea sales of 126 tons for £1,161 in 1840 and 360 tons for £2,605 in 1843; the Children's Employment Commissioner Frederick Roper in 1841 counted 120 employed, 40 of them young women, in "the very wildest, poorest country I have ever met with".[37] The Mining Journal's contemporary record fills out and corrects this account.
The Mining Journal listed Cosheen among the Irish mines selling under their own names at Swansea from the summer of 1840, and in November 1845 printed the prospectus claim that the mine "commenced work about six years ago, and has during that period sold at Swansea over £17,000 worth of ore, while the capital subscribed did not exceed £2,500", the last small cargo, sold on 23 October 1845, having "produced a sum of £1,089, or an average of over £29 per ton"; the same issue reprinted a Cork writer's statement that the mine "was discovered about six years since, by Messrs William Connell and Joseph M'Mullen, of the city of Cork; but the prosperity of it is owing entirely to Mr Connell's untiring spirit of perseverance", that the last Swansea sale had "yielded 43 per cent of copper, exceeding, by 20 per cent, the sales of ore from Cobre, Cuba, Santiago, Australia", and that "Cosheen Mine is the nucleus of a great mining district; it is the germ from which other mines are springing into existence".[38]
The Times commissioner's table of November 1845, which put Cosheen at the head of the world's mines with 43 per cent, drew a sober correction: ores from Cosheen had sold as low as 34s a ton; only 412 tons had been sold in the twelve months to June 1845, realising £3,458 18s or £8 8s a ton, against 445 tons for £2,456 1s 6d in the year to June 1844; and the mine "has never been worked with that spirit under which she might have been considerably more productive".[39]
Thomas's report of 16 March 1846 has the cross-cuts being pushed north and south "in a most beautiful strata of soft white killas" with "several branches in the slide" awaiting a new surface shaft for ventilation; Connell's of 12 February that Carmichael's lode, "now upwards 30 ft wide", was "the finest lode he ever saw", with "a new discovery to the west of a distinct and separate lode, with the finest gossan, mixed with spar, mundic and ore"; the shareholders then raised the shares from 128 to 1,024 and moved the business to James Crofts at 4 King Street, Cheapside, "where specimens may be seen".[40]
Connell wrote in October 1846 that the mine was "bringing out and dressing as splendid ore as was ever seen in Swansea" but that the potato failure and the refusal to raise wages limited employment; the paper's review of 1846 found the mine "yielding rich ores" but the shareholders refusing "to make any outlay to render it effective"; parcels of 24, 17, 7 and 1 tons were still offered at Swansea in December 1847; and in March 1849 "the shareholders have resolved to wind up the affairs of this company, dispose of the plant and materials, and surrender the mine to the lessors".[41]
The first captain was John Martin, not William: William Tonkin, who "in 1840 was employed by Capt. John Martin, at Coosheen Mine" to superintend the underground work and then to bring "home the north water-course from the woodlands", recalled that the mine "was paying a good dividend during John Martin's time", that Martin sold out at £100 a share, and that "a shoot of ore was discovered at the footwall of a great elvan; it was from near surface down to 30 fms under the deep adit. Hundreds of tons of rich ore were taken away, and three lifts of pumps put down to draw the water. After the ore was taken, they took up the pumps, drew up the timber, and filled in the hole to deep adit level"; his antagonist "An Old Miner", who had worked in the mine, replied that when Thomas took the management "there was not a ton of ore in sight in the whole concern; the lode was lost, heaved by a cross-course, and nobody in the mine could tell where to find it; but Capt. Thomas drove a cross-cut south 16 fms, and not only found the lode again, but discovered the richest course of ore and malachite ever seen in the South of Ireland".[42]
By 1843 the partners had sold 1,200 tons of ore averaging 12 % Cu, with 608 tons in 1844, and a London Times correspondent called it "the richest mine in the world"; the directors paid themselves £4 a share, exploration was neglected, and from 1845 the lode "suddenly disappeared at a fault or slide". Captain William Martin sold his shares and left; William Thomas refound the lode for £302, split into disjointed pockets beyond the fault; trials on Long and Coney Islands failed, and the mine closed in late 1848, its machinery sold in 1849, having raised £17,000 worth of ore through a 700-yard railed adit served by two miles of water leat to the stamps.[43]
Thomas himself later wrote that "in bringing up an adit level, which, at the summit of the hill, attains a depth of twenty-six fathoms, and sinking sixteen fathoms below the adit level, I discovered and raised nearly £29,000 worth of copper ore... some of the cargoes realized £40 per ton".[44] Connell's callous famine correspondence and Thomas's fish-curing scheme for the starving Coosheen families are recorded by Cowman & Reilly.
Hodnett adds from the Mining Journal and the Cork papers that by the start of 1841 the Coosheen Mining Company held the land on an 82-year lease at a royalty of one-thirteenth of the profits, on the cost-book principle in 128 shares; that the first captain was the Cornishman John Martin, with Captain William Tonkin also starting in 1839; that 389 tons sold at Swansea in 1839–41 for £3,730 19s; that William Thomas arrived from Camborne in 1841 with his wife Kitty, daughters Kitty and Letitia and son John, was captain by 1843, and sold 445 tons for just over £2,456 in the year from June 1843, when miners earned 1s to 1s 3d and labourers 8d or 9d a day; that only 125 tons (£2,275) sold in 1845 and none in 1846; that the shareholders paid a call of £33 10s in 1841 and received a £4 dividend out of capital, a further £10 call raising £1,280, the expenses of 1841 to early 1846 being £17,500 against sales of £17,260, before the shares were increased from 128 to 1,024 in March 1846, when Thomas called Carmichael's Lode, 30 feet wide, "the finest lode he ever saw"; and that the Coosheen Fishery Association of 1847 had Connell as secretary and Major N. Ludlow Beamish as chairman, whose August 1847 inspection found £500 of dressed ore on the floors but no sales. The materials were auctioned in March 1849 and Captain Lean inspected the mine for London buyers in September 1849.[45][46]
In March 1852 the six surviving proprietors advertised half the concern for sale: a sett of nearly 400 acres held on a 31-year lease from August 1840 at a royalty of one-thirteenth, only one of its several lodes wrought, £17,900 of grey copper ore sold at Swansea at £8 to £53 a ton, and the workings sunk only a few fathoms under adit; the landowner Horatio Townsend confirmed the 31-year lease in the same issue, so that the 82-year term given by Hodnett is not supported by the contemporary notice. The paper's correspondent in May 1852 found the mine idle but the surface land lately bought with half the royalties, the buildings, yards and dressing floors in repair, a watercourse two miles long and a reservoir feeding the stamps, and by the end of the month the rights sold to "an influential party in London".[47]
The Coosheen Copper Mining Company was formed after the London purchase of 1852 and floated by prospectus on 5 March 1853 (20,000 £1 shares; directors R. J. R. Campbell in the chair with G. T. Braine, R. P. Prichard, F. M. Walsh and H. L. Frith; 62 Moorgate Street, shared with the Kenmare Mining Company; chairman G.T. Braine, secretary J.R. Gwatkin, captain William Thomas), allotting 18,600 shares free to the directors; rich ore was raised and £1,280 worth reported sold by August 1854 (£906 in the Mineral Statistics), the produce falling from 18 % in 1853 to 11 % in 1854, only a dozen men were at work by spring 1856 and the company was wound up in March 1857, about £18,000 subscribed having yielded at most £3,000 of ore.
The 1852 company took a sett of about 400 acres for 31 years at a royalty of one-eighteenth of the profits and found the mine "in very good order", with a warehouse, water-wheel stamps, dam, reservoir, leat and tramway; William Thomas was replaced in 1853 by his son John, aged 24, who also managed Glanalin, sold 45 tons at Swansea for £905, took delivery of a crusher from Harvey's of Hayle and named Campbell's, Maitland's and Connell's lodes in his reports; after Captain Skimming's inspection of April 1854 criticised the workings east of Thomas's Lode and found only 45 tons raised in a year, 25 of them low grade, John Thomas resigned, and William Thomas went to Kenmare in June 1854 but was back at Coosheen by June 1855, when Connell was reported to visit monthly and not to get on with him.[48][49]
The prospectus described a sett of about 400 acres leased for 31 years from January 1853 at one-eighteenth, a quay beside the dressing floors taking vessels of 200 tons, over £6,000 spent on buildings, agent's house, assay office and workshops, and a mine drained by the deep adit without steam; Thomas's report of October 1852 put the deep adit at some 300 fathoms east from just above high-water mark with nearly 200 fathoms of north–south cross-cuts, four parallel lodes partly explored for about £20,000 of ore sold at £30 to £40 a ton, and a new lode south of Thomas's; Henry Vivian in January 1853 found four lodes open at the adit, 25 fathoms down, two of them working at a profit.[50]
The flotation became a Stock Exchange scandal: only about 1,400 of the 20,000 shares reached the public, 8,000 going to Briscoe and his partners for the lease, 2,000 to Connell and 2,500 to the directors, and time-bargains for four times the shares issued drove the price to a premium of £7 or £8; "the Coosheen rig" was cited as a warning for years afterwards.[51] The weekly reports of 1853–54 name Campbell's, Maitland's, Thomas's and the new south lode, record yellow copper coated with grey from a discovery at North Coosheen and a 12-cwt block of copper from Campbell's lode, the crusher from Hayle landed in August 1853 and started on 21 January 1854 beside a water-wheel and a 12-fathom engine-shaft, and a Berdan-machine trial that found a trace of gold in the quartz and 6 dwt 3 gr a ton in the gossan.[52]
Captain Skimming's inspections of March 1854 held that the productive ground west of the slide lay untouched to the south below adit, described the ores as grey copper, yellow sulphuret, green carbonate and stalactite copper, and led to a public quarrel with Thomas, who left the management in May 1854. The first cargo since the flotation, 45 tons, sold in August 1854 for £904 11s and a second of 54 tons in January 1855 for only £609 6s; the accounts of August 1854 showed £18,000 of capital, £1,280 of ore and £1,143 of preliminary expenses; the February 1855 meeting lapsed for want of directors; the chairman Braine suspended payment in March 1855; a winze under the deep adit cut a course of ore worth £35 a fathom in September 1855 and a new lode with malachite was found in a slide; but by May 1856 only a few dozen miners were at work under a local staff costing £300 to £400 a year.
The last parcel, 44 tons, sold on 20 January 1857 for £1,028 10s (£23 7s 6d a ton at an assay of 18¾ per cent), and the mine with its lease, machinery, residence and cottages was auctioned in London on 25 May 1857.[53] The Schull Bay Mining Company (Great Winchester Street, London; 5,000 £3 shares, half to the lease owners) followed in 1858–59; its steam engine, the "Hicks Engine" named after Dr Hicks of Dereenatra, was opened in July 1860 with an address by Mr Nicholls of Tavistock, alongside a crusher invented by Captain Thomas "said to do the work of fifty girls"; 45 tons went to Swansea in 1860 before the old workings were drained in February 1861, only 49 tons of about 6 % ore followed (£153 raised at a cost of £2,104 by November 1861), Captains Joseph Thomas and Towell were brought over to write an encouraging pamphlet, 78 tons were sold in 1862, operations ceased early in 1864 and a receiver was appointed; young Captain Alfred Poole was blamed for the closure.
Dr Thomas Hicks of Torquay had bought the Dereenatra property under the Encumbered Estates Act in 1857 and probably Coosheen with it, the old company's shareholders being advised of its dissolution that year; the Schull Bay Copper Mining Company was incorporated in October 1859 with a nominal £15,000 in 5,000 £3 shares, 2,500 going to the previous owners for mine, plant and machinery and 840 of the 1,000 offered being sold, under chairman J. W. Gull with Dr T. Hicks, Thomas Fawell and Joseph Thomas as directors; the engine and pump work were made by Nicholls, Williams and Co. of the Bedford Foundry, Tavistock, installed under William Matthews junior of Devon Great Consols and christened "Hick's engine" in August 1860; by May 1863 the engine shaft was 62 fathoms (373 ft) from surface, and by April 1864 the mine was at a standstill with only the engine at work.[54][55]
The paper's correspondent, visiting in November 1858 when the mine was "being opened under Captain Thomas", found reservoirs, dressing floors, a mill worked by a large water-wheel, yards, wharfs, offices, an assay office, workshops, miners' barracks and managers' houses "all neatly and strongly built", the proprietors "about to erect a steam-engine", ore carrying up to 30 oz of silver a ton and "splendid specimens of malachite"; John Roberts of the Prince of Wales Hotel, Schull, wrote in December 1859 that "the Schull Bay Mine, on the townland of Coosheen, sold from shallow workings £20,000 worth of copper ore. An engine is to be erected on the mine, in order to continue the workings in depth".[56]
The company, incorporated in October 1859 with £15,000 in 5,000 £3 shares, 2,500 of them paid for "the mine, plant, and machinery, the latter estimated to have cost nearly £10,000", met at 33 Great Winchester Street; the engine "commenced to work for good" on 16 August 1860, and Thomas's reports through 1861 record the forking of the 8 and 16 fathom levels, the directors' inspection in July, a cobbing machine of his own design, a new reservoir, "a promising lode in No. 3 whim-shaft ... 12 fms west of No. 5 winze", the stope on Thomas's lode "producing rich stones of ore, intermixed with malachite", and by 30 November 1861 "a first-rate engine-shaft sunk from surface 43 fms on the underlie of the lode, 12 ft by 6"; the accounts to 31 August 1861 showed calls of £1,945 and ore sold £153 4s 7d against costs of £2,103 10s 8d.[57]
In 1862 the engine-shaft was sunk by lump contract through "a hard and unproductive part of the lode" into a lode "full 6 ft wide" of spar, carbonate of lime and stones of ore; No. 3 whim-shaft reached the 16 fathom level "about 60 fms west of the engine-shaft"; on 9 May Thomas "discovered a new cross-course" in the 8 fathom level, "flookan and beautiful spar, coated with carbonate of copper, and large streams of water flowing out of it", of the same character as the great cross-course on which he had found Thomas's lode, and drove south on it towards that lode, which lay "all in whole ground" for 120 fathoms between the two cross-courses; the shaft was carried to the 36 fathom level and 58 tons were offered at Swansea in November.[58]
In February 1863 two of the three south lodes found in the cross-cut were re-intersected "120 fms west of the cross-course"; the engine was said to be "of sufficient power to drain the mine 200 fms below the adit level", the mine having "already produced between £20,000 and £30,000 worth of copper ore, at a depth of only 62 fms from surface"; the plunger-lift was fixed at the 36 fathom level in September 1863, with the engine-shaft sinking below it on a lode 6 to 8 ft wide and 16 fathoms of driving east expected to drain the eastern old workings and Thomas's lode, which "produced such a quantity of splendid malachite and rich ore". The management then passed to Captain Alfred Poole, "a young man who knew little or nothing of practical [mining]"; early in 1864 the shareholders resolved to wind up, J. H. Hough of 62 Moorgate Street being appointed liquidator, the lease of 34 years to come "held at 1-18th royalty" with all the machinery being offered by auction at Garraway's on 16 January 1865; by April 1865 "an arrangement with the lord of the mine" for a new lease was reported, and in September 1866 the mine "has lately been set to an English company".[59]
The 1861 plan by John King & Co. shows the workings at that date: shallow and deep adits, Smith's Winze, an "intended whim shaft", stopes in ore in the gossan above the adit and other stopes below it, the Engine Shaft "cut down or widened to the 8 fathom level", a shaft "to adit and thence diagonally on eastern slide or cross course", winzes on a parallel cross-course and levels at 16, 26 and 36 fathoms.[60]
Samuel Hyde of Ballycummisk bought the idle mine and its machinery cheaply in 1866; a rich 17 % pocket gave 6 tons in 1872, and from 1872 Coosheen was included in the lease of the Ballycummisk Copper Mining Company Ltd and worked with the parent mine under Captain Daniells, closing with it in 1877; the plan and longitudinal section were deposited with the Inspector of Mines, Joseph Dickinson, on 11 February 1878. Coosheen was then held under a 31-year lease from June 1865 at a royalty of one-eighteenth; the purchase price of the two mines, covering 300 acres, was £80,000 with the seller taking £20,000 in shares; six tons sold at Swansea for £102 in 1872, 20 tons for £190 in the year to June 1873, 33 tons for £209 in the year to June 1874 and 4 tons for £28 in the year to June 1875, Captain Daniell giving discouraging reports of the 56-fathom level from March 1873; Dr Hicks died at Dereenatra in June 1878.[61][62]
By 1869 the mine was "56 fathoms deep, with continuous lodes from 6 to 20 ft wide", Ballycummisk, Coosheen and Cappagh having "produced copper ore of the value of £100,000", and a description of that December records "an adit ... extended eastward from Schull Harbour 350 fms, in which is an iron tramway", an engine "erected on the top of the hill", an engine-shaft 36 fathoms below the adit, and the old lode "between the cross-courses and slides for about 70 fathoms in length", 2 to 15 ft wide and "composed chiefly of grey stone and solid ribs of rich grey ore, some of them 1 ft wide".[63] The Ballycummisk Copper Mining Company (Limited), capital £100,000 in £10 shares, was floated in July 1872 to buy both mines from Hyde for £80,000; the prospectus claimed "upwards of 5000 tons of ore" produced to date, stated that Coosheen was held "under a lease for 31 years from June 1865" at one-eighteenth, and quoted A. Tregoning's estimate of £3,000 for new hauling and dressing machinery at Coosheen; a parcel of Coosheen ore fetched £17 a ton at Swansea that September.[64]
Captain E. Daniells's weekly reports from September 1872 to October 1873 follow a winze under the 46 fathom level, the driving east and west in the 56 (a lode "about 4 ft wide, composed of quartz and ore of a good quality" in February 1873, closing on "the eastern slide" in March), a diagonal skip-shaft sunk from the 46 to the 56, the clearing of the deep adit, a new engine-house with boiler-house finished in April 1873 with the winding drum and shaft tackle over the engine shaft, a new whim in August, the cross-cut south "towards Thomas's lode, where we have about 12 fms more to drive", dressing by girls "hand-picking and spalling", and shipments of 126 tons in May and 127 tons in June 1873 from the Coosheen floors, far above the 35 tons credited to Coosheen in the official returns and presumably returned under Ballycummisk.[65]
The company was in liquidation by June 1874, when Fuller, Horsey, Son and Co. offered both mines at the Auction Mart, Tokenhouse Yard, on 8 July 1874; the particulars describe Coosheen as "21 acres of surface land, with Coosheen Cottage, and the copper and other ores under the estate and lands of Coosheen about 265 acres in extent. There are six distinct lodes at this mine much richer in quality than at Ballycummisk. There are two pits — one sunk to 36 fathoms below the adit and the other to 56 fathoms — the workings are efficiently drained by five sets of pumps, worked by a Cornish pumping engine and boiler. The winding gear is worked by a table steam-engine and boiler with steel wire-rope and skip. There is a wharf on the harbour, enclosed coal yard, crushing house, with Blake's crusher, worked by a steam engine, washing stage, four cottages, barracks, smiths' and carpenters' shops", held "on lease for a term of 31 years, from 24th June, 1865, at a fixed rent of £40 per annum".[66]
In 1875 the paper's special correspondent saw across the harbour "Coosheen Mine, which, with its neat and substantial white-washed buildings, has the appearance of a prettily-situated village", laid out by Thomas "some 35 years ago", and reprinted the address presented to Thomas that year recalling his famine relief and "your establishing a fishery at Coosheen".[67]
In June 1879 the Liverpool promoter Campbell Millett Thomas leased the Coosheen lands from the landowner Horace Townsend and sold the mine to The Coosheen Copper Company for £2,000 cash and 10,000 paid-up shares, the company being dissolved in April 1887; in November 1887 George Baldock and Robert Richard Edward of London bought into a lease held by Captain William Thomas and William Rathbone and sold the mine to The Coosheen Copper Mining Company (secretary George Newsom Jones; £30,000 in £1 shares; dissolved August 1892); in October 1892, two years after William Thomas died at Coosheen Cottage, his daughter Letitia surrendered a lease on the Coosheen land to The Schull Copper Syndicate (£10,000; investors including James Thomas, son of Captain Charles Thomas of Crookhaven, and Francis Pelham-Clinton-Hope, later 8th Duke of Newcastle), whose lease expired in 1896; The Schull Copper Mining Company Limited of 16 Great Winchester Street, promoted by Henry Worseldine in April 1906 with a nominal £9,000, went into liquidation in November 1908 and was dissolved in January 1921, and the mine was advertised for sale in the Mining Journal in July 1916.[68] The Coosheen Copper Company (Limited), capital £30,000 in £5 shares, was registered in August 1879 by Liverpool subscribers, and in March 1880 the mines, "now better known as the Schull Bay Mines", had "a company ... recently formed in Liverpool for giving them a trial".[69]
Thomas's Short Notices on Irish Mines of April 1880 set out the plan: "about 40 years ago an adit was driven east to the great cross-course on one of the lodes ... and copper ore of the value of £20,000 raised and sold in Swansea — cargoes of which realised £39 per ton; one parcel of silver-grey ore sold at £53"; freight to Swansea was 6s a ton; "the present company intend to cross-cut the parallel east and west lodes, north and south from the deep adit ... and drive east from the sea level on Thomas's lode"; and "the owner of the property is Mr H. H. Townsend".[70]
Thomas, writing from Coosheen Mine and Coosheen Cottage until 1885 and recommended by the paper as one of "few better authorities on Irish mining affairs", reported in November 1885 the new lode of decrepitating ore, "about 16 fathoms south of and parallel with the old lode, which in the adit level, 25 fathoms deep, produced £20,000 worth of copper ore of very high percentage", but the Times special correspondent of September 1885 found that "the Coosheen Mines, over Schull, and the Cappagh Mines paid well at one time, but the works have been stopped".[71] William Thomas had announced in 1879 that he would reopen the mine himself; the Coosheen Copper Mining Company of 1887 offered 30,000 £1 shares and a 10 % return; Messrs Tribe, Clarke, Painter & Co. sold 16 tons of 5 % ore in 1888; 70 tons returned under "Kilcrohane" in 1890 came "apparently largely from Coosheen waste tips"; and 13 tons of 6 % and 15 tons of 8.2 % ore were sold in 1906–07 by "the last company", for which Thomas Williams of Schull supplied Daly with information in 1917.[72]
Collins in August 1917 found "a few hundred tons of damp material that might pay for leaching if a plant already existed", and "at one time here a small pocket of rich ore, quite near surface, that has been worked out years ago"; Duffy in 1932 found the shafts filled with water or debris and the main adit waterlogged.[73] Later exploration comprised an unpublished GSI report by McCluskey (1955), induced-polarisation and Pb–Zn soil surveys under PL 1306 for Irish Metal Mining Ltd in 1969, and Dana Exploration's mapping, soil geochemistry, deep-overburden sampling and 2.3 km of IP under PL 2814 in 1986–88, which indicated "a possible extension of the mine trend to the ENE".[74] The site was surveyed for the EPA/GSI inventory in 2007.[75]
Operators and companies at Coosheen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Workings and surface remains
Two adits: the shallow (upper) adit, stone-lined and about 2 m wide at its mouth, still discharging mine water; and the deep adit, "a little above high-water mark", driven about 250 fathoms on the principal lode with a railway and, at the summit of the hill, 26 fathoms below surface. Shafts named on the 1861 and 1878 plans are Mullin's Shaft (on the shallow adit level), the Engine Shaft (with the 1860 engine house and chimney beside it) and the Diagonal Shaft sunk on the East Cross Course; Smith's Winze and six other winzes are shown in 1861. Levels were driven at 8, 16, 26 and 36 fathoms below the deep adit; the 1878 section shows stoping between the two adits and below the deep adit around the Engine Shaft, and the working plan runs the levels east from Mullin's Shaft along Thomas's, Campbell's, Carmichael's and the Old lodes.[76]
Cowman & Reilly's block diagram of the mine about 1860 shows the pumping and hauling engines, magazine, waterwheel, reservoir, shallow adit, stopes and the 16-fathom level.[77] Contemporary descriptions fill out the plans: the deep adit was "some 300 fathoms" long with nearly 200 fathoms of north–south cross-cuts by 1852 and "350 fms, in which is an iron tramway" by 1869, 20 fathoms deep at the winze of 1855 and 25 or 26 at the summit, the ground rising "gradually from the sea to a height of about 25 fathoms"; the first company brought a watercourse two miles to the stamps, the "north water-course from the woodlands" of Tonkin's account, with a reservoir; the second company's crusher from Hayle started on 21 January 1854 beside a water-wheel and a 12-fathom engine-shaft.[78]
The Schull Bay company's engine, at work from 16 August 1860, pumped from an engine-shaft "sunk from surface 43 fms on the underlie of the lode, 12 ft by 6" by November 1861 and to the 36 fathom level, 62 fathoms from surface, by 1863, with No. 3 whim-shaft 60 fathoms to the west; the 1874 sale particulars list two pits 36 and 56 fathoms below the adit, five sets of pumps on a Cornish pumping engine, a table engine for winding, a Blake's crusher driven by steam, a wharf, coal yard, washing stage, four cottages, barracks and workshops. Unfenced shafts within a few feet of the public road were complained of in 1859, and the siting of the engine on the clay-flookan cross-course "so near the bounds of the sett" was disputed in the paper in 1863.[79] The account books of Harvey and Co. of Hayle record coal, iron, plates and other mining sundries shipped to the Coosheen Mine via Schull in 1852.[80]
Surface: engine-house and pump-house fragments and machine bases in a pasture (the engine house was demolished in the 1980s); a circular powder magazine, a steep-sided adit, a ruined boathouse and slipway and mine buildings in the western complex; the lower dressing floor on the shore west of the adits, its mineralised pebbles the only solid mine waste left on the site.
Hodnett records the ivy-covered magazine, about 3 m in diameter, south of the track to the dressing floors, a completely blocked adit in undergrowth beside it presumed to be the deep adit, a derelict building and the adjoining "boat house" of the 1901 map with iron rails in its floor leading to the old pier and a rear doorway onto the cobbled dressing floors, iron rails and ore-wagon wheels in a nearby garden, and a small stone house on a rock base with two fireplaces sharing one chimney, possibly the fish-curing house of 1847.[81][82]
Production
Ore sold from Coosheen by year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Recorded sales total about 2,500 tons (the contemporary Mining Journal figures for the first working rise from £17,000 in 1845 and £17,900 in 1852 to "between £20,000 and £30,000" in 1863, and the 1872 prospectus claimed 5,000 tons for Coosheen and Ballycummisk together);[83] the first partnership's £17,000 of ore (Cowman & Reilly) or "nearly £29,000" (Thomas) came almost entirely from above and just below the adit, and the 1853–57 company's £3,000 from about £18,000 subscribed.[84]
Mining Journal references
The London Mining Journal reported the mine, under its own name and as the Schull Bay Mine, in more than 480 issues between 1840 and 1885, most of them share-list and ticketing entries; the issues below carry the substantive notices used above. They were read in the Internet Archive scans of the paper (collection pub-mining-journal), which lack the years 1860 and 1886 to 1893; figures taken from the OCR text should be checked against the page images before further use.
Mining Journal issues noticing Coosheen and Schull Bay | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Environmental data
The EPA/GSI survey sampled only the shallow-adit discharge, at neutral pH with 323 µg/l Cu and 459 µg/l Al; no solid waste was found apart from the shore pebbles, no XRF analyses were made, and the site scored 1 (Class V), "unsurprising" given the absence of waste and streams.[85]
Collecting and specimens
Very little mineralised material remains: mineralised pebbles along the shoreline at the old lower dressing floor below the golf course, and fragments in walls and hedgerows; the dumps were already reduced to "a few hundred tons of damp material" by 1917.[86] The historic malachite masses are represented by very few surviving specimens. The only mine-era material traced in an institution is in the Museum of Practical Geology catalogue of 1864, which lists "Malachite, with Copper Pyrites. Cosheen Mine, County Cork" presented by J. D. Croker (Wall Case 2, nos 80-81), "Malachite, green. Cosheen Mine, near Skull" presented by William Connell, the mine's founding promoter (no. 82), and "Bornite, incrusted with Green Malachite. Cosheen Mines, near Skull" presented by Croker and Connell (Wall Case 7, nos 317-321); the Museum of Practical Geology collections passed by way of the Geological Museum to the Natural History Museum, London, in 1985.[87]
The National Museum of Ireland holds a malachite with cuprite (NMI 34a, assayed at over 35 % Cu in 1963) and a tetrahedrite with quartz (NMI 35, 1.1 oz silver per ton), and the Geological Survey of Ireland a bornite with malachite (GSI 119, 54.5 oz silver per ton).[88] Sir Arthur Russell collected dump material at Coosheen in the first decade of the twentieth century; his collection at the Natural History Museum, London, registers malachite (BM 1964R,07147) and azurite (BM 1964R,07094) from the dump and cuprite (BM 1964R,02522) from the old dump, together with chalcocite from the Coney Island trial (BM 1964R,00458-00459).[89] The Ulster Museum, Belfast, holds one Coosheen specimen, a massive grey bornite of 3.0 x 4.5 x 4.5 cm (BELUM.I8295, donor unrecorded), and a chlorite from "Skull, Copper Mine" (BELUM.I9227).[90] The ground is private, landscaped and built on; the shafts are fenced and the adits back-filled or flowing.
References
1. Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, Coosheen entry; Kinahan, G.H. (1861) in Jukes, J.B., Du Noyer, G.V., Willson, W.L., Wyley, A. & Kinahan, G.H., Explanations to accompany Sheets 200, 203, 204 and 205, and part of 199, of the maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, pp. 23–24.
2. The Mining Journal (London), 8 November 1845, Vol. 15 No. 533, prospectus of the Southern and Western Mining Company of Ireland and extract from A Practical Miner in the Cork Southern Reporter (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1845-11-08_15_533); The Mining Journal (London), 29 November 1845, Vol. 15 No. 536, leader on the Times commissioner and the Cosheen ores (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1845-11-29_15_536); The Mining Journal (London), 9 January 1847, Vol. 17 No. 594, review of mining in 1846 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1847-01-09_17_594); The Mining Journal (London), 17 March 1849, Vol. 19 No. 708, The Cosheen Mine, notice from the Irish Railway Gazette (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1849-03-17_19_708); The Mining Journal (London), 31 October 1863, Vol. 33 No. 1471, letter of William Tonkin, agent of Dhurode Mine, 26 October 1863 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1863-10-31_33_1471); The Mining Journal (London), 14 November 1863, Vol. 33 No. 1473, letter of An Old Miner, Ballydehob (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1863-11-14_33_1473).
3. Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, pp. 39–40 and Table 4; Hunt, R. (1848) Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and of the Museum of Practical Geology, vol. II part ii (returns of copper ores sold 1804–47), cited in Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin.
4. Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, pp. 91, 118 and Table 7; Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin; Daly, H.J. (1917) Report on the Skull copper mines, Co. Cork, for the Ministry of Munitions, 9 June 1917. Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554297, Mine Records: Reports, Skull), p. 19; Coosheen (Schull Bay) Copper Mine plan, 1861, GSI mine records (GSI Goldmine record 9554173, Mine Records: Plans, Coosheen).
5. Thomas, W. (undated) Statement on the mines of the Schull district, typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Records: Mine Reports, West Cork, p. 169); Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, p. 3; Duffy, J. (1932) Report on copper deposits in south-west Ireland (Counties Cork and Kerry), 13 January 1932. Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554307, Mine Records: Reports, Duffy 1932), p. 20; Pracht, M. (2002) Geology of West Cork: a geological description to accompany the bedrock geology 1:100,000 scale map, Sheet 24, West Cork. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, Table 4.
6. EPA/GSI (2009) Historic Mine Sites – Inventory and Risk Classification, Vol. 1 and site reports. Environmental Protection Agency and Geological Survey of Ireland, Wexford and Dublin, §5.27.3 and the Coosheen detailed site report; National Monuments Service records CO139-042001, CO139-042002 and CO140-037.
7. EPA/GSI (2009) Historic Mine Sites – Inventory and Risk Classification, Vol. 1 and site reports. Environmental Protection Agency and Geological Survey of Ireland, Wexford and Dublin; Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin; Pracht, M. (2002) Geology of West Cork: a geological description to accompany the bedrock geology 1:100,000 scale map, Sheet 24, West Cork. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, Table 4.
8. Kane, R. (1844) The Industrial Resources of Ireland. Hodges and Smith, Dublin, p. 194 (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Records: Mine Reports, West Cork, p. 169); Duffy, J. (1932) Report on copper deposits in south-west Ireland (Counties Cork and Kerry), 13 January 1932. Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554307, Mine Records: Reports, Duffy 1932), p. 20.
9. EPA/GSI (2009) Historic Mine Sites – Inventory and Risk Classification, Vol. 1 and site reports. Environmental Protection Agency and Geological Survey of Ireland, Wexford and Dublin, Coosheen detailed site report, pp. 1–2.
10. Earlier description of this locality on Mindat (field observations, pre-2026); Hodnett, D. (2010) The Metal Mines of West Cork. Trevithick Society, Camborne, p. 110, Fig. 64 (Hick's engine house, Coosheen Mine, c. 1970, photograph Fáilte Ireland).
11. Environmental Protection Agency, Historic Mine Sites web feature service, mine-feature point layer (Irish Transverse Mercator, EPSG:2157); National Monuments Service, Sites and Monuments Record (archaeology.ie); earlier description of this locality on Mindat (field observations, pre-2026). The EPA collars and the earlier field readings differ by up to 40 m for the Engine shaft; the EPA points are the official inventory positions.
12. Hyde, S. (1870) On deep mining, and the mineral-bearing strata of the south-west of Ireland. Geological Magazine 7, 241–252 (read before the Geological Society of London, 23 February 1870); copy in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554299, Mine Records: Geology), pp. 248–249; Kinahan, G.H. (1861) in Jukes, J.B., Du Noyer, G.V., Willson, W.L., Wyley, A. & Kinahan, G.H., Explanations to accompany Sheets 200, 203, 204 and 205, and part of 199, of the maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, p. 13; Williams Geophysics (1988) Report on induced polarization and resistivity surveys at Coosheen, Schull, Co. Cork, for Dana Exploration Ltd, August 1988. Geological Survey of Ireland open file 10203575 (GSI Goldmine), p. 1.
13. Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin; Kinahan, G.H. (1861) in Jukes, J.B., Du Noyer, G.V., Willson, W.L., Wyley, A. & Kinahan, G.H., Explanations to accompany Sheets 200, 203, 204 and 205, and part of 199, of the maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, p. 23; Duffy, J. (1932) Report on copper deposits in south-west Ireland (Counties Cork and Kerry), 13 January 1932. Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554307, Mine Records: Reports, Duffy 1932).
14. Kinahan, G.H. (1861) in Jukes, J.B., Du Noyer, G.V., Willson, W.L., Wyley, A. & Kinahan, G.H., Explanations to accompany Sheets 200, 203, 204 and 205, and part of 199, of the maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, pp. 13 and 24; Hyde, S. (1870) On deep mining, and the mineral-bearing strata of the south-west of Ireland. Geological Magazine 7, 241–252 (read before the Geological Society of London, 23 February 1870); copy in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554299, Mine Records: Geology), p. 248; Duffy, J. (1932) Report on copper deposits in south-west Ireland (Counties Cork and Kerry), 13 January 1932. Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554307, Mine Records: Reports, Duffy 1932).
15. Coosheen Schull Bay Copper Mine, County Cork, 1861, drawn by John King & Co. (GSI Goldmine record 9554173, Mine Records: Plans, Coosheen, p. 4).
16. Hyde, S. (1870) On deep mining, and the mineral-bearing strata of the south-west of Ireland. Geological Magazine 7, 241–252 (read before the Geological Society of London, 23 February 1870); copy in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554299, Mine Records: Geology), p. 248; Kinahan, G.H. (1861) in Jukes, J.B., Du Noyer, G.V., Willson, W.L., Wyley, A. & Kinahan, G.H., Explanations to accompany Sheets 200, 203, 204 and 205, and part of 199, of the maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, p. 24.
17. Williams Geophysics (1988) Report on induced polarization and resistivity surveys at Coosheen, Schull, Co. Cork, for Dana Exploration Ltd, August 1988. Geological Survey of Ireland open file 10203575 (GSI Goldmine); Rothery, E. & Coates, D. (1988) Interim report on Prospecting Licence 2946 and associated licences, Dana Exploration Ltd. Geological Survey of Ireland open file 10203453 (GSI Goldmine), §7.3; Irish Metal Mining Ltd (1970) Report on exploration activity on Prospecting Licences 993–1000, 1230–32, 1251, 1252, 1306 and 1392. Geological Survey of Ireland open file 10253456 (GSI Goldmine).
18. Kinahan, G.H. (1861) in Jukes, J.B., Du Noyer, G.V., Willson, W.L., Wyley, A. & Kinahan, G.H., Explanations to accompany Sheets 200, 203, 204 and 205, and part of 199, of the maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, pp. 23–24 (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Records: Mine Reports, West Cork, p. 169).
19. Hyde, S. (1870) On deep mining, and the mineral-bearing strata of the south-west of Ireland. Geological Magazine 7, 241–252 (read before the Geological Society of London, 23 February 1870); copy in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554299, Mine Records: Geology), p. 248.
20. Kinahan, G.H. (1861) in Jukes, J.B., Du Noyer, G.V., Willson, W.L., Wyley, A. & Kinahan, G.H., Explanations to accompany Sheets 200, 203, 204 and 205, and part of 199, of the maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, p. 24.
21. Coosheen Copper Mine, longitudinal section and working plan, deposited with the Inspector of Mines 11 February 1878, GSI mine records (GSI Goldmine record 9556923, Mine Maps: Coosheen working plan and section 1878).
22. The Mining Journal (London), 24 April 1880, Vol. 50 No. supplement, Thomas, W., Short Notices on Irish Mines, Coosheen Mine (corrected 8 May 1880 to a belt of eight parallel lodes) (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1880-04-24_50_supplement); The Mining Journal (London), 12 July 1862, Vol. 32 No. 1403, paper on the great cross-course of the Schull district (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1862-07-12_32_1403); The Mining Journal (London), 21 November 1863, Vol. 33 No. 1474, letter of William Tonkin on Coosheen and Schull Bay (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1863-11-21_33_1474); The Mining Journal (London), 7 February 1863, Vol. 33 No. 1433, Irish mining notes, Schull Bay Mines (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1863-02-07_33_1433); The Mining Journal (London), 22 February 1862, Vol. 32 No. 1383, Malachite from Ireland (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1862-02-22_32_1383).
23. Hodnett, D. (2010) The Metal Mines of West Cork. Trevithick Society, Camborne, pp. 107 and 114, citing Mining Journal 14 March 1846 p. 117 and Mining Journal 1861.
24. Duffy, J. (1932) Report on copper deposits in south-west Ireland (Counties Cork and Kerry), 13 January 1932. Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554307, Mine Records: Reports, Duffy 1932); Kinahan, G.H. (1861) in Jukes, J.B., Du Noyer, G.V., Willson, W.L., Wyley, A. & Kinahan, G.H., Explanations to accompany Sheets 200, 203, 204 and 205, and part of 199, of the maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin; Thomas, W. (undated) Statement on the mines of the Schull district, typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Records: Mine Reports, West Cork, p. 169); Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, p. 3; earlier description of this locality on Mindat (field observations, pre-2026).
25. Kinahan, G.H. (1861) in Jukes, J.B., Du Noyer, G.V., Willson, W.L., Wyley, A. & Kinahan, G.H., Explanations to accompany Sheets 200, 203, 204 and 205, and part of 199, of the maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin; Hyde, S. (1870) On deep mining, and the mineral-bearing strata of the south-west of Ireland. Geological Magazine 7, 241–252 (read before the Geological Society of London, 23 February 1870); copy in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554299, Mine Records: Geology); Weaver, T. (1838) Geological relations of the south of Ireland. Transactions of the Geological Society of London, 2nd series, vol. 5, p. 26, as quoted by Daly, H.J. (1917) Report on the Skull copper mines, Co. Cork, for the Ministry of Munitions, 9 June 1917. Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554297, Mine Records: Reports, Skull), p. 19; EPA/GSI (2009) Historic Mine Sites – Inventory and Risk Classification, Vol. 1 and site reports. Environmental Protection Agency and Geological Survey of Ireland, Wexford and Dublin, Coosheen detailed site report, p. 1.
26. Butler, J.R. (1963) A report on elements in Irish copper ores, and Coughlan, H.E. (1963) A note on Irish copper ores and metals, in Ores and Metals: a report of the Ancient Mining and Metallurgical Committee, Royal Anthropological Institute, London, tabulated in Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, Table 6; Mining Journal 1872, p. 648, in Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, Table 6a.
27. Natural History Museum, London, mineral collection lists (Coosheen entries).
28. Kinahan, G.H. (1861) in Jukes, J.B., Du Noyer, G.V., Willson, W.L., Wyley, A. & Kinahan, G.H., Explanations to accompany Sheets 200, 203, 204 and 205, and part of 199, of the maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin; Duffy, J. (1932) Report on copper deposits in south-west Ireland (Counties Cork and Kerry), 13 January 1932. Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554307, Mine Records: Reports, Duffy 1932); GSI mineral-locality card, Gossan – Coosheen (GSI Goldmine record 9548864, Mineral Localities: Gossan – Coosheen).
29. Pracht, M. (2002) Geology of West Cork: a geological description to accompany the bedrock geology 1:100,000 scale map, Sheet 24, West Cork. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, Table 4.
30. The Mining Journal (London), 14 June 1851, Vol. 21 No. 825, notes on the copper deposits of the south of Ireland (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1851-06-14_21_825); The Mining Journal (London), 22 January 1853, Vol. 23 No. 909, notes on the Crookhaven district mines (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1853-01-22_23_909); The Mining Journal (London), 8 September 1855, Vol. 25 No. 1046, mining notes, Coosheen Mine (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1855-09-08_25_1046); The Mining Journal (London), 1 October 1859, Vol. 29 No. supplement, Mining in the South of Ireland, the Crookhaven and Schull district (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1859-10-01_29_supplement).
31. The Mining Journal (London), 22 February 1862, Vol. 32 No. 1383, Malachite from Ireland (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1862-02-22_32_1383); The Mining Journal (London), 13 September 1862, Vol. 32 No. 1412, the International Exhibition, copper ores (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1862-09-13_32_1412); The Mining Journal (London), 5 July 1862, Vol. 32 No. 1402, letter on mining in the west of Ireland after a visit to the Schull Bay Mines (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1862-07-05_32_1402).
32. The Mining Journal (London), 18 December 1869, Vol. 39 No. supplement, paper on the Cappagh and Coosheen mines and the grey stone of their lodes (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1869-12-18_39_supplement).
33. The Mining Journal (London), 24 April 1880, Vol. 50 No. supplement, Thomas, W., Short Notices on Irish Mines, Coosheen Mine (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1880-04-24_50_supplement); The Mining Journal (London), 21 July 1883, Vol. 53 No. 2500, article on the mineral resources of West Cork (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1883-07-21_53_2500); The Mining Journal (London), 9 August 1879, Vol. 49 No. supplement, letter on the mineral resources of West Cork (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1879-08-09_49_supplement).
34. The Mining Journal (London), 20 June 1857, Vol. 27 No. supplement, report of a lecture on the ores of copper (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1857-06-20_27_supplement); The Mining Journal (London), 14 January 1854, Vol. 24 No. 960, The Industrial Resources of Ireland, iron ores, after Sir Robert Kane (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1854-01-14_24_960).
35. The Mining Journal (London), 14 November 1885, Vol. 55 No. 2621, Irish mines, new discovery at Coosheen, and abstract of Blount, B., Decrepitations in samples of so-called explosive pyrites, Journal of the Chemical Society (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1885-11-14_55_2621).
36. Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, pp. 39–40 and notes 6.16–6.19; Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin.
37. Kane, R. (1844) The Industrial Resources of Ireland. Hodges and Smith, Dublin, p. 194 (typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files, GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Records: Mine Reports, West Cork, p. 169); Roper, F. (1842) Report on the Cusheen (Coosheen) mine, in Children's Employment Commission (Mines), Appendix to the First Report, Part II, London, as quoted in Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, pp. 50–51.
38. The Mining Journal (London), 4 July 1840, Vol. 10 No. 254, letter of J. Dillon Croker on the naming of Irish ores at Swansea (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1840-07-04_10_254); The Mining Journal (London), 8 November 1845, Vol. 15 No. 533, prospectus of the Southern and Western Mining Company of Ireland and extract from A Practical Miner in the Cork Southern Reporter (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1845-11-08_15_533).
39. The Mining Journal (London), 29 November 1845, Vol. 15 No. 536, leader on the Times commissioner and the Cosheen ores (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1845-11-29_15_536); The Mining Journal (London), 6 December 1845, Vol. 15 No. 537, leader on the Cosheen Mine and the county of Cork (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1845-12-06_15_537); The Mining Journal (London), 17 January 1846, Vol. 16 No. 543, reprint from a Cork newspaper on the Cosheen Copper Mine (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1846-01-17_16_543).
40. The Mining Journal (London), 21 March 1846, Vol. 16 No. 552, Cosheen mine report and company notice; advertisement of James Crofts, secretary (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1846-03-21_16_552).
41. The Mining Journal (London), 10 October 1846, Vol. 16 No. 581, mine report of W. Connell, 3 October 1846 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1846-10-10_16_581); The Mining Journal (London), 9 January 1847, Vol. 17 No. 594, review of mining in 1846 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1847-01-09_17_594); The Mining Journal (London), 18 December 1847, Vol. 17 No. 643, copper ores for sale at Swansea 23 December 1847 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1847-12-18_17_643); The Mining Journal (London), 17 March 1849, Vol. 19 No. 708, The Cosheen Mine, notice from the Irish Railway Gazette (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1849-03-17_19_708).
42. The Mining Journal (London), 31 October 1863, Vol. 33 No. 1471, letter of William Tonkin, agent of Dhurode Mine, 26 October 1863 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1863-10-31_33_1471); The Mining Journal (London), 21 November 1863, Vol. 33 No. 1474, letter of William Tonkin on Coosheen and Schull Bay (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1863-11-21_33_1474); The Mining Journal (London), 14 November 1863, Vol. 33 No. 1473, letter of An Old Miner, Ballydehob (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1863-11-14_33_1473); The Mining Journal (London), 19 September 1857, Vol. 27 No. 1152, biographical notice of Captain William Thomas (Ireland) (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1857-09-19_27_1152).
43. Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, pp. 39–40 and notes 6.17–6.24.
44. Thomas, W. (undated) Statement on the mines of the Schull district, typed extract in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554308, Mine Records: Mine Reports, West Cork, p. 169).
45. Hodnett, D. (2010) The Metal Mines of West Cork. Trevithick Society, Camborne, pp. 105–111, citing Mining Journal 8 November 1845 p. 628; 2 March 1846 p. 123; 8 March 1843 p. 98; 1844 p. 329; 1 May 1847 p. 200; 14 and 21 March 1846 pp. 117 and 122–123; Royal Cornwall Gazette 5 November 1841; Cork Constitution 16 March 1843; Cork Examiner 20 August 1847; Parliamentary Paper 1842 Children's Employment Commission Mines Part 1; and the Hewitt Papers, Cork Archives U15B/P/A59.
46. Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, pp. 51–52.
47. The Mining Journal (London), 20 March 1852, Vol. 22 No. 865, advertisement of the Cosheen Copper Mines for sale; letters of William Connell and Horatio Townsend (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1852-03-20_22_865); The Mining Journal (London), 1 May 1852, Vol. 22 No. 871, Mines in Ireland, No. I, Coosheen (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1852-05-01_22_871); The Mining Journal (London), 29 May 1852, Vol. 22 No. 875, Mines in Ireland, Coosheen revisited (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1852-05-29_22_875).
48. Hodnett, D. (2010) The Metal Mines of West Cork. Trevithick Society, Camborne, pp. 111–112, citing Mining Journal 12 November 1853 p. 710; 5 March 1853 p. 136; 2 April 1853 p. 193; 20 August 1853 p. 521; 3 September 1853 p. 541; 8 April 1854 p. 27; 9 September 1854 p. 596; 29 April 1854 p. 271; 25 November 1854 p. 780; 30 June 1855 p. 410; 31 July 1855 p. 453.
49. Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, p. 91, Table 5 and notes 14.1–14.12.
50. The Mining Journal (London), 5 March 1853, Vol. 23 No. 915, leader on the Coosheen Mines and prospectus of the Coosheen Copper Mining Company with the reports of William Thomas and Henry Vivian (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1853-03-05_23_915).
51. The Mining Journal (London), 19 March 1853, Vol. 23 No. 917, The Coosheen Mine, correspondence on the allotment of shares (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1853-03-19_23_917); The Mining Journal (London), 2 April 1853, Vol. 23 No. 919, Coosheen Mining Company, settlement of the Stock Exchange dispute and allotment (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1853-04-02_23_919); The Mining Journal (London), 3 June 1854, Vol. 24 No. 980, letter on the Coosheen share transactions (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1854-06-03_24_980); The Mining Journal (London), 13 January 1855, Vol. 25 No. 1012, Paris correspondence on share rigging (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1855-01-13_25_1012).
52. The Mining Journal (London), 16 April 1853, Vol. 23 No. 921, mine reports, Coosheen (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1853-04-16_23_921); The Mining Journal (London), 16 July 1853, Vol. 23 No. 934, mine reports, extract from Captain J. Thomas, 28 June 1853 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1853-07-16_23_934); The Mining Journal (London), 3 September 1853, Vol. 23 No. 941, mine reports, Coosheen Mines, J. Thomas, 26 August 1853 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1853-09-03_23_941); The Mining Journal (London), 21 January 1854, Vol. 24 No. 961, mine reports, Coosheen (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1854-01-21_24_961); The Mining Journal (London), 28 January 1854, Vol. 24 No. 962, mine reports, Coosheen, J. Thomas, 21 January 1854, and results of Berdan machine trials (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1854-01-28_24_962).
53. The Mining Journal (London), 8 April 1854, Vol. 24 No. 972, reports to the shareholders of the Coosheen Mining Company by J. Skimming and a second captain, March 1854 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1854-04-08_24_972); The Mining Journal (London), 13 May 1854, Vol. 24 No. 977, Dublin correspondence, retirement of Captain William Thomas (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1854-05-13_24_977); The Mining Journal (London), 2 September 1854, Vol. 24 No. 993, Coosheen Mining Company, adjourned general meeting of 29 August 1854 with accounts (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1854-09-02_24_993); The Mining Journal (London), 27 January 1855, Vol. 25 No. 1014, Dublin correspondence on the Coosheen ore sales (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1855-01-27_25_1014); The Mining Journal (London), 17 February 1855, Vol. 25 No. 1017, Dublin correspondence on the Coosheen meeting (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1855-02-17_25_1017); The Mining Journal (London), 31 March 1855, Vol. 25 No. 1023, notes on the suspension of G. T. Braine (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1855-03-31_25_1023); The Mining Journal (London), 8 September 1855, Vol. 25 No. 1046, mining notes, Coosheen Mine (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1855-09-08_25_1046); The Mining Journal (London), 22 September 1855, Vol. 25 No. 1048, letter of T. J. Hungerford, 18 September 1855, and Skibbereen correspondence (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1855-09-22_25_1048); The Mining Journal (London), 3 May 1856, Vol. 26 No. 1080, Skibbereen correspondence on the Schull district mines (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1856-05-03_26_1080); The Mining Journal (London), 24 January 1857, Vol. 27 No. 1118, Swansea ticketing of 20 January 1857 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1857-01-24_27_1118); The Mining Journal (London), 16 May 1857, Vol. 27 No. 1134, advertisement of the sale of the Coosheen Copper Mine by Gadsden, Winterflood and Ellis (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1857-05-16_27_1134).
54. Hodnett, D. (2010) The Metal Mines of West Cork. Trevithick Society, Camborne, pp. 112–114, citing Mining Journal 3 October 1857 pp. 69 and 693; 20 April and 3 and 17 August 1861 pp. 244, 499 and 533; 4 August 1860 p. 533; 10 August 1861 p. 515; 16 May 1863 p. 332; 16 April 1864 p. 270; Board of Trade file BT 41/620/3388.
55. Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, pp. 118 and 169 (notes 19.26–19.32) and p. (ii), caption to Fig. 1; Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, records an earlier plan "R 58… preserved under the name Schull Bay".
56. The Mining Journal (London), 27 February 1858, Vol. 28 No. 1175, Irish mining notes (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1858-02-27_28_1175); The Mining Journal (London), 13 November 1858, Vol. 28 No. 1212, Mining in Ireland, Rough Notes No. III, the Schull Bay Mines (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1858-11-13_28_1212); The Mining Journal (London), 17 December 1859, Vol. 29 No. 1269, letter of John Roberts, Facts from the Schull mining district (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1859-12-17_29_1269).
57. The Mining Journal (London), 20 April 1861, Vol. 31 No. 1339, Schull Bay Copper Mining Company, extraordinary general meeting (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1861-04-20_31_1339); The Mining Journal (London), 5 January 1861, Vol. 31 No. 1324, mine reports, Schull Bay, Wm. Thomas, 28 December 1860 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1861-01-05_31_1324); The Mining Journal (London), 17 August 1861, Vol. 31 No. 1356, Mining in Ireland, the directors' visit to the Schull Bay Mines (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1861-08-17_31_1356); The Mining Journal (London), 28 September 1861, Vol. 31 No. 1362, mine reports, Schull Bay, Wm. Thomas, 20 September 1861 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1861-09-28_31_1362); The Mining Journal (London), 9 November 1861, Vol. 31 No. 1368, mine reports, Schull Bay, W. Thomas, 2 November 1861 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1861-11-09_31_1368); The Mining Journal (London), 30 November 1861, Vol. 31 No. 1371, mine reports, Schull Bay, and Schull Bay Copper Mining Company meeting of 11 November 1861 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1861-11-30_31_1371); The Mining Journal (London), 7 December 1861, Vol. 31 No. 1372, mine reports, Schull Bay, Wm. Thomas, 30 November 1861 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1861-12-07_31_1372).
58. The Mining Journal (London), 4 January 1862, Vol. 32 No. 1376, mine reports, Schull Bay, W. Thomas, 28 December 1861 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1862-01-04_32_1376); The Mining Journal (London), 1 February 1862, Vol. 32 No. 1380, mine reports, Schull Bay, W. Thomas, January 1862 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1862-02-01_32_1380); The Mining Journal (London), 1 March 1862, Vol. 32 No. 1384, mine reports, Schull Bay, W. Thomas, 23 February 1862 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1862-03-01_32_1384); The Mining Journal (London), 17 May 1862, Vol. 32 No. 1395, mine reports, Schull Bay, W. Thomas, 9 May 1862 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1862-05-17_32_1395); The Mining Journal (London), 24 May 1862, Vol. 32 No. 1396, mine reports, Schull Bay, W. Thomas, 16 May 1862 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1862-05-24_32_1396); The Mining Journal (London), 12 July 1862, Vol. 32 No. 1403, paper on the great cross-course of the Schull district and mine report of Wm. Thomas, 4 July 1862 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1862-07-12_32_1403); The Mining Journal (London), 15 November 1862, Vol. 32 No. 1421, copper ores for sale at Swansea 18 November 1862 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1862-11-15_32_1421).
59. The Mining Journal (London), 7 February 1863, Vol. 33 No. 1433, Irish mining notes, Schull Bay Mines (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1863-02-07_33_1433); The Mining Journal (London), 21 March 1863, Vol. 33 No. 1439, letters on mining in the county of Cork (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1863-03-21_33_1439); The Mining Journal (London), 26 September 1863, Vol. 33 No. 1466, Mining in Ireland, Cappagh and Schull Bay (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1863-09-26_33_1466); The Mining Journal (London), 31 October 1863, Vol. 33 No. supplement, Mining in Ireland, the Schull district (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1863-10-31_33_supplement); The Mining Journal (London), 26 November 1864, Vol. 34 No. 1527, letters on mining in Ireland and the winding-up of the Schull Bay company (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1864-11-26_34_1527); The Mining Journal (London), 31 December 1864, Vol. 34 No. 1532, advertisement of the sale of the Schull Bay Copper Mining Company lease by order of the official liquidator (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1864-12-31_34_1532); The Mining Journal (London), 8 April 1865, Vol. 35 No. 1546, notices to correspondents, Schull Bay Mining Company (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1865-04-08_35_1546); The Mining Journal (London), 29 September 1866, Vol. 36 No. 1623, letter of S. Harryngton, Ballydehob, 25 September 1866 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1866-09-29_36_1623).
60. Coosheen (Schull Bay) Copper Mine plan, 1861, drawn by John King & Co. (GSI Goldmine record 9554173, Mine Records: Plans, Coosheen, p. 4).
61. Hodnett, D. (2010) The Metal Mines of West Cork. Trevithick Society, Camborne, p. 114, citing Mining Journal 13 July 1872 p. 648; 21 September 1872 p. 893; 15 May 1875 p. 544; 26 July 1873 p. 816; 25 June 1874 p. 811; 7 August 1874 p. 876.
62. Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, p. 118 and notes 19.33–19.36; Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin; Coosheen Copper Mine, longitudinal section and working plan deposited with the Inspector of Mines 11 February 1878 (GSI Goldmine record 9556923, Mine Maps: Coosheen working plan and section 1878).
63. The Mining Journal (London), 11 September 1869, Vol. 39 No. 1777, leader on the Geological Survey memoirs and the mines of West Cork (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1869-09-11_39_1777); The Mining Journal (London), 18 December 1869, Vol. 39 No. supplement, paper on the Cappagh and Coosheen mines and the grey stone of their lodes (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1869-12-18_39_supplement).
64. The Mining Journal (London), 13 July 1872, Vol. 42 No. 1925, prospectus of the Ballycummisk Copper Mining Company (Limited) with the report of A. Tregoning, 19 June 1872 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1872-07-13_42_1925); The Mining Journal (London), 21 September 1872, Vol. 42 No. 1935, Mining in Ireland, Swansea prices for Coosheen and Ballycummisk ores (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1872-09-21_42_1935).
65. The Mining Journal (London), 2 November 1872, Vol. 42 No. 1941, mine reports, Ballycummisk and Coosheen, Captain Daniells, September and October 1872 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1872-11-02_42_1941); The Mining Journal (London), 8 February 1873, Vol. 43 No. 1955, mine reports, Ballycummisk and Coosheen (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1873-02-08_43_1955); The Mining Journal (London), 22 March 1873, Vol. 43 No. 1961, mine reports, Ballycummisk and Coosheen (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1873-03-22_43_1961); The Mining Journal (London), 19 April 1873, Vol. 43 No. 1965, mine reports, Ballycummisk and Coosheen (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1873-04-19_43_1965); The Mining Journal (London), 17 May 1873, Vol. 43 No. 1969, mine reports, Ballycummisk and Coosheen (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1873-05-17_43_1969); The Mining Journal (London), 21 June 1873, Vol. 43 No. 1974, mine reports, Ballycummisk and Coosheen (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1873-06-21_43_1974); The Mining Journal (London), 19 July 1873, Vol. 43 No. 1978, mine reports, Ballycummisk and Coosheen (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1873-07-19_43_1978); The Mining Journal (London), 16 August 1873, Vol. 43 No. 1982, mine reports, Ballycummisk and Coosheen (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1873-08-16_43_1982).
66. The Mining Journal (London), 6 June 1874, Vol. 44 No. 2024, advertisement of the sale of the Ballycummisk and Coosheen Copper Mines by the liquidators (repeated 13, 20 and 27 June and 4 July 1874) (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1874-06-06_44_2024).
67. The Mining Journal (London), 15 May 1875, Vol. 45 No. supplement, The Mineral Resources of the South-West of Ireland, No. IV, Schull (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1875-05-15_45_supplement); The Mining Journal (London), 17 July 1875, Vol. 45 No. supplement, address presented to Captain William Thomas (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1875-07-17_45_supplement).
68. Hodnett, D. (2010) The Metal Mines of West Cork. Trevithick Society, Camborne, pp. 114–116 and 120, citing Board of Trade files BT 31/2555/361593, BT 31/2555/25351, BT 31/5421/37398/357353 and BT 31/7726/88325/357353, The National Archives, Kew, and Church of Ireland records.
69. The Mining Journal (London), 30 August 1879, Vol. 49 No. 2297, registration of new companies, Coosheen Copper Company (Limited) (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1879-08-30_49_2297); The Mining Journal (London), 13 March 1880, Vol. 50 No. supplement, Mining in Ireland, No. IX, conversation between a father and son (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1880-03-13_50_supplement).
70. The Mining Journal (London), 24 April 1880, Vol. 50 No. supplement, Thomas, W., Short Notices on Irish Mines, Coosheen Mine (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1880-04-24_50_supplement).
71. The Mining Journal (London), 11 February 1882, Vol. 52 No. 2425, notices to correspondents (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1882-02-11_52_2425); The Mining Journal (London), 14 November 1885, Vol. 55 No. 2621, Irish mines, new discovery at Coosheen (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1885-11-14_55_2621); The Mining Journal (London), 28 November 1885, Vol. 55 No. 2623, Irish mines, extract from the Times special correspondent of September 1885 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1885-11-28_55_2623).
72. Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, p. 118 and notes 19.37–19.38, 21.38; Cole, G.A.J. (1922) Memoir and Map of Localities of Minerals of Economic Importance and Metalliferous Mines in Ireland. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin; Daly, H.J. (1917) Report on the Skull copper mines, Co. Cork, for the Ministry of Munitions, 9 June 1917. Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554297, Mine Records: Reports, Skull), p. 19.
73. Collins, H.F. (1917) Report on the Skull copper mines, Co. Cork, 31 August 1917. Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554297, Mine Records: Reports, Skull), p. 24; Duffy, J. (1932) Report on copper deposits in south-west Ireland (Counties Cork and Kerry), 13 January 1932. Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554307, Mine Records: Reports, Duffy 1932).
74. McCluskey, J. (1955) Coosheen Mine, County Cork, unpublished GSI report, cited in Pracht, M. (2002) Geology of West Cork: a geological description to accompany the bedrock geology 1:100,000 scale map, Sheet 24, West Cork. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin; Geological Survey of Ireland open files 10216968, 10216958, 10216960, 10253456, 10203453 and 10203575 (GSI Goldmine).
75. EPA/GSI (2009) Historic Mine Sites – Inventory and Risk Classification, Vol. 1 and site reports. Environmental Protection Agency and Geological Survey of Ireland, Wexford and Dublin.
76. Coosheen (Schull Bay) Copper Mine plan, 1861, drawn by John King & Co. (GSI Goldmine record 9554173, Mine Records: Plans, Coosheen); Coosheen Copper Mine, longitudinal section and working plan deposited with the Inspector of Mines 11 February 1878 (GSI Goldmine record 9556923, Mine Maps: Coosheen working plan and section 1878); Kane, R. (1844) The Industrial Resources of Ireland. Hodges and Smith, Dublin; EPA/GSI (2009) Historic Mine Sites – Inventory and Risk Classification, Vol. 1 and site reports. Environmental Protection Agency and Geological Survey of Ireland, Wexford and Dublin.
77. Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, Figs 5 and 6.
78. The Mining Journal (London), 5 March 1853, Vol. 23 No. 915, prospectus of the Coosheen Copper Mining Company with the report of William Thomas, 4 October 1852 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1853-03-05_23_915); The Mining Journal (London), 18 December 1869, Vol. 39 No. supplement, paper on the Cappagh and Coosheen mines (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1869-12-18_39_supplement); The Mining Journal (London), 8 September 1855, Vol. 25 No. 1046, mining notes, Coosheen Mine (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1855-09-08_25_1046); The Mining Journal (London), 24 April 1880, Vol. 50 No. supplement, Thomas, W., Short Notices on Irish Mines, Coosheen Mine (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1880-04-24_50_supplement); The Mining Journal (London), 1 May 1852, Vol. 22 No. 871, Mines in Ireland, No. I, Coosheen (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1852-05-01_22_871); The Mining Journal (London), 21 November 1863, Vol. 33 No. 1474, letter of William Tonkin on Coosheen and Schull Bay (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1863-11-21_33_1474); The Mining Journal (London), 28 January 1854, Vol. 24 No. 962, mine reports, Coosheen, J. Thomas, 21 January 1854 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1854-01-28_24_962).
79. The Mining Journal (London), 5 January 1861, Vol. 31 No. 1324, mine reports, Schull Bay, Wm. Thomas, 28 December 1860 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1861-01-05_31_1324); The Mining Journal (London), 7 December 1861, Vol. 31 No. 1372, mine reports, Schull Bay, Wm. Thomas, 30 November 1861 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1861-12-07_31_1372); The Mining Journal (London), 22 August 1863, Vol. 33 No. 1461, Mining in Ireland, Cappagh and Schull Bay (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1863-08-22_33_1461); The Mining Journal (London), 1 March 1862, Vol. 32 No. 1384, mine reports, Schull Bay, W. Thomas, 23 February 1862 (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1862-03-01_32_1384); The Mining Journal (London), 6 June 1874, Vol. 44 No. 2024, advertisement of the sale of the Ballycummisk and Coosheen Copper Mines (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1874-06-06_44_2024); The Mining Journal (London), 24 September 1859, Vol. 29 No. 1257, letter on unfenced shafts at the Coosheen Mine (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1859-09-24_29_1257); The Mining Journal (London), 21 November 1863, Vol. 33 No. 1474, letter of William Tonkin on Coosheen and Schull Bay (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1863-11-21_33_1474); The Mining Journal (London), 5 December 1863, Vol. 33 No. 1476, reply of An Old Miner (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1863-12-05_33_1476).
80. Cundick, R. (2002) Harvey's of Hayle: sales to Irish mines 1823–1884. Journal of the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland, 2, 15–20 (Irish extracts from the Harvey and Co. account books, pp. 17–20)..
81. Hodnett, D. (2010) The Metal Mines of West Cork. Trevithick Society, Camborne, p. 118 and Figs 67–70.
82. EPA/GSI (2009) Historic Mine Sites – Inventory and Risk Classification, Vol. 1 and site reports. Environmental Protection Agency and Geological Survey of Ireland, Wexford and Dublin, Coosheen detailed site report, pp. 1–2; NMS CO139-042001, CO139-042002, CO140-037; earlier description of this locality on Mindat (field observations, pre-2026).
83. The Mining Journal (London), 8 November 1845, Vol. 15 No. 533, prospectus of the Southern and Western Mining Company of Ireland (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1845-11-08_15_533); The Mining Journal (London), 20 March 1852, Vol. 22 No. 865, advertisement of the Cosheen Copper Mines for sale (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1852-03-20_22_865); The Mining Journal (London), 2 May 1863, Vol. 33 No. 1445, letter on the Schull district mines and the Geological Survey (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1863-05-02_33_1445); The Mining Journal (London), 13 July 1872, Vol. 42 No. 1925, prospectus of the Ballycummisk Copper Mining Company (Limited) (Internet Archive item sim_mining-journal_1872-07-13_42_1925).
84. Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, pp. 40, 91 and Tables 4 and 7; Daly, H.J. (1917) Report on the Skull copper mines, Co. Cork, for the Ministry of Munitions, 9 June 1917. Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554297, Mine Records: Reports, Skull); Hyde, S. (1870) On deep mining, and the mineral-bearing strata of the south-west of Ireland. Geological Magazine 7, 241–252 (read before the Geological Society of London, 23 February 1870); copy in the Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554299, Mine Records: Geology), footnote ("Coosheen £22,000… from operations above the adit").
85. EPA/GSI (2009) Historic Mine Sites – Inventory and Risk Classification, Vol. 1 and site reports. Environmental Protection Agency and Geological Survey of Ireland, Wexford and Dublin, §5.27.3 and Coosheen report, p. 3.
86. EPA/GSI (2009) Historic Mine Sites – Inventory and Risk Classification, Vol. 1 and site reports. Environmental Protection Agency and Geological Survey of Ireland, Wexford and Dublin; earlier description of this locality on Mindat (field observations, pre-2026); Collins, H.F. (1917) Report on the Skull copper mines, Co. Cork, 31 August 1917. Geological Survey of Ireland mine-record files (GSI Goldmine record 9554297, Mine Records: Reports, Skull).
87. Smyth, W.W., Reeks, T. & Rudler, F.W. (1864) A Catalogue of the Mineral Collections in the Museum of Practical Geology, with Introductory and Explanatory Remarks. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, Wall Case 2 Shelf II nos 80-82 and Wall Case 7 Shelf I nos 317-321.
88. Cowman, D. & Reilly, T.A. (1988) The Abandoned Mines of West Carbery: Promoters, Adventurers and Miners. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, Table 6, p. 107.
89. Natural History Museum, London, register of the Sir Arthur Russell mineral collection (BM 1964R series), Irish entries as listed by the Department of Mineralogy, entries BM 1964R,07147; 1964R,07094; 1964R,02522; 1964R,00458 and 1964R,00459.
90. National Museums Northern Ireland (2016) Ulster Museum mineral collection: minerals from Ireland, collection list supplied by the Curator of Geology, entries BELUM.I8295 and BELUM.I9227.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) References: |
| ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3A References: |
| ⓘ Azurite Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 References: |
| ⓘ Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ Botallackite Formula: Cu2(OH)3Cl Description: Small, usually less than 0.5mm, blue-green, often bladed (rectangular or square) crystals associated with oxidized ore in specimens exposed to seawater. References: |
| ⓘ Brochantite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 References: |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 References: |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 References: |
| ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' References: |
| ⓘ Chrysocolla Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 References: |
| ⓘ Connellite Formula: Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O References: |
| ⓘ Covellite Formula: CuS Description: Deep metallic blue coatings on copper ores, especially chalcopyrite and bornite. Also in heavily oxidized material associated with botallackite, and cuprite. References: |
| ⓘ Cuprite Formula: Cu2O |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 References: |
| ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) Formula: Ce(PO4) References: |
| ⓘ Pseudomalachite Formula: Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 References: |
| ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 References: |
| ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S References: |
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' | 2.GB.05 | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Botallackite | 3.DA.10b | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Connellite | 3.DA.25 | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.00.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Cuprite | 4.AA.10 | Cu2O |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Azurite | 5.BA.05 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Brochantite | 7.BB.25 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Monazite-(Ce) | 8.AD.50 | Ce(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Pseudomalachite | 8.BD.05 | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3A |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Botallackite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| H | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| H | ⓘ Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Botallackite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| O | ⓘ Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| S | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| S | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Botallackite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Botallackite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| Cu | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Cu | ⓘ Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| Cu | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Ce | Cerium | |
| Ce | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
- Rheno-Hercynian BeltOrogenic Belt
Coosheen Mine, Coosheen, Schull, Mizen Peninsula, Cork County, Munster, Ireland