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Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italyi
Regional Level Types
Mount EtnaStratovolcano (Active)
Etna Volcanic ComplexComplex
Metropolitan City of CataniaMetropolitan City
SicilyAutonomous Region
ItalyCountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
07516690017272001365319.jpg
View of the Etna volcanic field, in 1928.

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
02477490017272001391001.jpg
Eruption 28.08.2020

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
01658780017272001414710.jpg
View of the Etna volcanic field, ca. 1910.

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
07516690017272001365319.jpg
View of the Etna volcanic field, in 1928.

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
02477490017272001391001.jpg
Eruption 28.08.2020

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
01658780017272001414710.jpg
View of the Etna volcanic field, ca. 1910.

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
07516690017272001365319.jpg
View of the Etna volcanic field, in 1928.

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
09563700017272001542813.jpg
Eruption 28.08.2020

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
37° 45' 3'' North , 14° 59' 38'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
37.75102,14.99402
GRN:
N26E09
Type:
Stratovolcano (Active) - last checked 2025
Age:
0.4961 ± 0.0431 to 0.0413 ± 0.0031 Ma
Geologic Time:
Pleistocene
Dating method:
Ar/Ar
Reference for age:
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., Wijbrans, J. (2008) Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. I
Köppen climate type:
Csa : Hot-summer Mediterranean climate
Mindat Locality ID:
2136
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:2136:7
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Name(s) in local language(s):
Monte Etna, Complesso vulcanico dell'Etna, Catania, Sicilia, Italia


An active stratovolcano with a basal diameter of c. 40 km. It reaches a height of approximately 3,357 metres (and changing due to volcanic activity) and has a volume of c. 500 km³. It is almost continuously active.

The 600,000-year volcanic history is divided in four main evolution stages:

1st stage: (580 to 225 ka) tholeiitic basalts which today can be found in outcrops as pillow-lavas, hyaloclastites and sills along the Ionian Sea coast north of Catania.

2nd stage: (220 to 96 ka) The lava composition changes from tholeiitic to Na-alkaline (Branca et al. 2004). Several central volcanoes (Ancient Alkaline Centers or Timpe Volcanoes) were constructed over a time span of about 100 ka (172 to 96 ka), and their remnants mainly crop out along the present-day margin of Etna. It is in these ancient lavas that kaersutitic amphibole can be found as well-formed crystals. Published data by Rruff.org of an amphibole crystal gives a kaersutite composition with Ti= 0,64apfu.

3rd stage: (80-60ka) A series of effusive and explosive eruptions built a series of cones, the so-called Trifoglietto unit.

4th stage: (60ka-present) The building of the current stratovolcano.

During the various eruptive stages, the composition of the amphiboles has changed, from kaersutitic amphiboles in the ancient stage 2, via pargasites to magnesio-hastingsite in the 2001/2002 eruption.

Allophane and gypsum in the lavas of the 1892 eruption.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


34 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase
Formula: (Na,K)AlSi3O8
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase
Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Allophane
Formula: (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Aphthitalite
Formula: (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
ⓘ Arcanite
Formula: K2SO4
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Mason, Anita (1976) The World of Rocks and Minerals. Larousse & Co., Inc., New York.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite
Formula: (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
ⓘ Chromite
Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside
Formula: Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Diopside var. Salite
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Erythrosiderite
Formula: K2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Forsterite
Formula: Mg2SiO4
ⓘ 'Glass'
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Halite
Formula: NaCl
ⓘ 'Hydrophilite'
ⓘ 'Hypersthene'
Formula: (Mg,Fe)SiO3
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Kaersutite
Formula: NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
References:
perso.club-internet.fr (n.d.) http://perso.club-internet.fr/rivierec/decembre_-_novembre_2001.htm.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Kremersite
Formula: (NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
ⓘ Leucite
Formula: K(AlSi2O6)
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Di Sabatino B. (1977) - Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di mineralogia – Roma
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Magnesioferrite
Formula: MgFe3+2O4
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Mascagnite
Formula: (NH4)2SO4
ⓘ 'Mica Group'
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Molysite
Formula: FeCl3
ⓘ Native Selenium
Formula: Se
ⓘ Native Sulphur
Formula: S8
ⓘ Natrite
Formula: Na2CO3
ⓘ Natron
Formula: Na2CO3 · 10H2O
Description: Occurs as an efflorescence on lava.
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Realgar
Formula: As4S4
ⓘ Rhönite
Formula: Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
ⓘ Salammoniac
Formula: NH4Cl
ⓘ Sanidine
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Sellaite
Formula: MgF2
ⓘ Siderazot (TL)
Formula: FeNx to Fe3N1.33
Type Locality:
ⓘ Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
References:
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
ⓘ Sylvite
Formula: KCl
ⓘ Thénardite
Formula: Na2SO4
ⓘ Tschermigite
Formula: (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
ⓘ 'Xiphonite'
ⓘ 'Zamboninite (of Starraba)'

Gallery:

(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6ⓘ Augite
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Augite

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Augite

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Augite

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Augite

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Augite

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Augite

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
(Mg,Fe)SiO3ⓘ 'Hypersthene'
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Hypersthene

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hypersthene

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hypersthene

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hypersthene

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hypersthene

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hypersthene

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hypersthene

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hypersthene

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
S8ⓘ Native Sulphur
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Native Sulphur

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Native Sulphur

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Native Sulphur

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Native Sulphur

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Native Sulphur

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Native Sulphur

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Native Sulphur

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Native Sulphur

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
NH4Clⓘ Salammoniac
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Salammoniac

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Salammoniac

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Salammoniac

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘSiderazot (TL)1.BC.10FeNx to Fe3N1.33
ⓘNative Sulphur1.CC.05S8
ⓘNative Selenium1.CC.10Se
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘRealgar2.FA.15aAs4S4
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘHalite3.AA.20NaCl
ⓘSylvite3.AA.20KCl
ⓘSalammoniac3.AA.25NH4Cl
ⓘSellaite3.AB.15MgF2
ⓘMolysite3.AC.10FeCl3
ⓘErythrosiderite3.CJ.10K2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
ⓘKremersite3.CJ.10(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘChromite4.BB.05Fe2+Cr3+2O4
ⓘMagnesioferrite4.BB.05MgFe3+2O4
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘvar. Titanium-bearing Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘNatrite5.AA.10Na2CO3
ⓘNatron5.CB.10Na2CO3 · 10H2O
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘAphthitalite7.AC.35(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
ⓘArcanite7.AD.05K2SO4
ⓘMascagnite7.AD.05(NH4)2SO4
ⓘThénardite7.AD.25Na2SO4
ⓘTschermigite7.CC.20(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘForsterite9.AC.05Mg2SiO4
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘDiopside
var. Chromium-bearing Diopside		9.DA.15Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
ⓘ9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘvar. Salite9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘAugite
var. Fassaite		9.DA.15(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
ⓘKaersutite9.DE.15NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
ⓘRhönite9.DH.40Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘAllophane9.ED.20(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘSanidine9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘvar. Anorthoclase9.FA.35(Na,K)AlSi3O8
ⓘvar. Oligoclase9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
ⓘSodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘLeucite9.GB.05K(AlSi2O6)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Hydrophilite'-
ⓘ'Hypersthene'-(Mg,Fe)SiO3
ⓘ'Xiphonite'-
ⓘ'Zamboninite (of Starraba)'-
ⓘ'Mica Group'-
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Glass'-
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ ErythrosideriteK2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ Kremersite(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Hⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Hⓘ NatronNa2CO3 · 10H2O
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ SalammoniacNH4Cl
Hⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ NatriteNa2CO3
Cⓘ NatronNa2CO3 · 10H2O
NNitrogen
Nⓘ Kremersite(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Nⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Nⓘ SalammoniacNH4Cl
Nⓘ SiderazotFeNx to Fe3N1.33
Nⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
OOxygen
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Oⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Oⓘ ArcaniteK2SO4
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Oⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ ErythrosideriteK2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Oⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Oⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Oⓘ Kremersite(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Oⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Oⓘ MagnesioferriteMgFe23+O4
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Oⓘ NatriteNa2CO3
Oⓘ NatronNa2CO3 · 10H2O
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ RhöniteCa4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Oⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Oⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Oⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Oⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Oⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Diopside var. SaliteCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
FFluorine
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fⓘ SellaiteMgF2
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Naⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Naⓘ HaliteNaCl
Naⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Naⓘ NatriteNa2CO3
Naⓘ NatronNa2CO3 · 10H2O
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Naⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Naⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Naⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Mgⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Mgⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Mgⓘ MagnesioferriteMgFe23+O4
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ RhöniteCa4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Mgⓘ SellaiteMgF2
Mgⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Mgⓘ Diopside var. SaliteCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Alⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Alⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ RhöniteCa4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Alⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Alⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Alⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Siⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Siⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Siⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ RhöniteCa4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Siⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Siⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Diopside var. SaliteCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Sⓘ ArcaniteK2SO4
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Sⓘ RealgarAs4S4
Sⓘ Native SulphurS8
Sⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Sⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clⓘ ErythrosideriteK2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Clⓘ HaliteNaCl
Clⓘ Kremersite(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Clⓘ MolysiteFeCl3
Clⓘ SalammoniacNH4Cl
Clⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Clⓘ SylviteKCl
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Kⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Kⓘ ArcaniteK2SO4
Kⓘ ErythrosideriteK2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Kⓘ Kremersite(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Kⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ SylviteKCl
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Caⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Caⓘ RhöniteCa4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ Diopside var. SaliteCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Tiⓘ RhöniteCa4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Tiⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Tiⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
CrChromium
Crⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Crⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
FeIron
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Feⓘ ErythrosideriteK2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Feⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Feⓘ Kremersite(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Feⓘ MagnesioferriteMgFe23+O4
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ MolysiteFeCl3
Feⓘ RhöniteCa4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Feⓘ SiderazotFeNx to Fe3N1.33
Feⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Feⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Feⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
AsArsenic
Asⓘ RealgarAs4S4
SeSelenium
Seⓘ Native SeleniumSe

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Etna
Wikidata ID:Q16990

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

African PlateTectonic Plate
Eurasian Plate
EuropeContinent
Italy

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References

Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Krebs, S. (1972) ÄTNA 1971. Der Aufschluss, 23, 132-138.
Toutain, J. P., Quisefit, J. P., Briole, P., Aloupogiannis, P., Blanc, P., & Robaye, G. (1995). Mineralogy and chemistry of solid aerosols emitted from Mount Etna. Geochemical Journal, 29(3), 163-173.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
(2005) Plio-Quaternary Volcanism in Italy. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-29092-3
www.swisseduc.ch (n.d.) http://www.swisseduc.ch/stromboli/etna/index-en.html
Viccaro, M., Ferlito, C., & Cristofolini, R. (2007). Amphibole crystallization in the Etnean feeding system: mineral chemistry and trace element partitioning between Mg-hastingsite and alkali basaltic melt. European Journal of Mineralogy, 19(4), 499-511.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Brosch, E., Hauzenberger, C.A. (2016) Geochemical investigation of selected lava flows from Mt. Etna (Italy). Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 162, 25-46.
www.uibk.ac.at (n.d.) https://www.uibk.ac.at/mineralogie/oemg/bd_162/162_25-46_brosch.pdf
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4pp.377-379
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