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Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit, Qinghe Co. (Qinggil Co.; Chinggil Co.), Altay Prefecture (Aletai Prefecture), Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, Chinai
Regional Level Types
Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au depositDeposit
Qinghe Co. (Qinggil Co.; Chinggil Co.)County
Altay Prefecture (Aletai Prefecture)Prefecture
Ili Kazakh Autonomous PrefecturePrefecture
XinjiangAutonomous Region
ChinaCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
46° 28' 0'' North , 90° 5' 59'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
46.46667,90.10000
GRN:
N31E46
Type:
Deposit
Köppen climate type:
BSk : Cold semi-arid (steppe) climate
Mindat Locality ID:
230718
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:230718:6
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Name(s) in local language(s):
老山口铁铜金矿, 清河县 (چىڭگىل ناھىيىسى), 阿勒泰地区 (ئالتاي ۋىلايىتى), 伊犁哈萨克自治州 (ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستىئىلى قازاق), 新疆维吾尔自治区, 中国


The Beitashan Formation, which hosts the Laoshankou deposit, primarily consists of basaltic/andesitic breccias and tuff intercalated with fossiliferous limestone. The ore grades range from 33.5 to 36.4 % Fe, 0.2 to 0.4 % Cu, and 0.5 to 1.3 g/t Au. Orebodies are predominantly stratabound and parallel to late faults, categorized into two main zones: Upper magnetite orebodies with minor copper–gold mineralization (36.4 to 53.4 % Fe, 0.28 to 1.57 % Cu, and 0.49 to 1.90 g/t Au) and lower copper–gold orebodies (0.41 to 1.67 % Cu and 1.31 to 9.11 g/t Au). The ores exhibit massive textures predominantly, with occurrences of banded, disseminated, taxitic, or vein-like structures.

The Laoshankou Iron Oxide-Cu-Au (IOCG) deposit is the most important magnetite deposit with economic Cu and Au (metal reserve: 3.26 Mt Fe @ 33.5–36.4%, 9.8 kt Cu @ 0.2–0.4% and 0.14 t Au @ 0.5–1.3 g/t) in the East Junggar terrane of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Four hypogene hydrothermal alteration stages have been identified, including the Ca-silicate alteration (Stage I), amphibole-epidote-magnetite alteration/mineralization (Stage II), pyrite-chalcopyrite mineralization (Stage III) and late hydrothermal veining (Stage IV).

The Laoshankou orebodies are mainly stratiform and parallel to these subsidiary faults. Two ore zones have been delineated, i.e., the magnetite-dominated upper ore zone with minor Cu−Au mineralization, and the Cu-Au-dominated lower ore zone. Four hypogene alteration and mineralization stages were identified at Laoshankou, including (I) pre-ore sodic-calcic alteration, (II) early Fe mineralization (amphibole-epidote-magnetite), (III) late Cu−Au mineralization (pyrite-chalcopyrite), and (IV) post-ore hydrothermal veins.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


31 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ Andradite
Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
ⓘ Azurite
Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ Cobaltite
Formula: CoAsS
ⓘ Covellite
Formula: CuS
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Gersdorffite
Formula: NiAsS
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Hematite var. Martite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘ Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Native Copper
Formula: Cu
ⓘ Native Gold
Formula: Au
ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum
Formula: (Au,Ag)
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ 'Scapolite'
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘ Tremolite
Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘ Vesuvianite
Formula: Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘNative Copper1.AA.05Cu
ⓘNative Gold
var. Electrum		1.AA.05(Au,Ag)
ⓘ1.AA.05Au
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
ⓘBornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
ⓘCovellite2.CA.05aCuS
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘMolybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘArsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
ⓘCobaltite2.EB.25CoAsS
ⓘGersdorffite2.EB.25NiAsS
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘHematite
var. Martite		4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘAzurite5.BA.05Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘMalachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘJarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘAndradite9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘVesuvianite9.BG.35Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘActinolite9.DE.10◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘTremolite9.DE.10◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Scapolite'-
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Hⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CCarbon
Cⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
OOxygen
Oⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Oⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oⓘ Hematite var. MartiteFe2O3
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Oⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
FFluorine
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Alⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Siⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
SSulfur
Sⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Sⓘ CobaltiteCoAsS
Sⓘ CovelliteCuS
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ GersdorffiteNiAsS
Sⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Caⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
FeIron
Feⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Feⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ Hematite var. MartiteFe2O3
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
CoCobalt
Coⓘ CobaltiteCoAsS
NiNickel
Niⓘ GersdorffiteNiAsS
CuCopper
Cuⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cuⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuⓘ CovelliteCuS
Cuⓘ Native CopperCu
Cuⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asⓘ CobaltiteCoAsS
Asⓘ GersdorffiteNiAsS
MoMolybdenum
Moⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
AgSilver
Agⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
AuGold
Auⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
Auⓘ Native GoldAu
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AsiaContinent
China
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
TurkestanArea

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References

Yanming Lu, Dong Zhang, Aijun Pan, Xiaowu Chen, Yujie Zhang, Junjie Fan, and Fengjun Nie (2010): The Laoshankou iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposit in the northern margin of Junggar. Mineral Deposits 29(z1), 27-30 (in Chinese).
Fuquan Yang, Feng Liu, Fengmei Chai, Zhixin Zhang, Xinxia Geng, Shujun Lü, Liping Jiang, and Liujin Ouyang (2011): Iron deposits in Altay, Xinjiang: Geological characteristics, time-space distribution and metallogenesis. Mineral Deposits 30(4), 575-598 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Shujun Lü, Zhixin Zhang, Fuquan Yang, Fengmai Chai, Xibing Zhang, Feng Liu, Liping Jiang, and Xinxia Geng (2012): Ore-forming fluids and mineralization mechanism of Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit in northern margin of Junggar. Mineral Deposits 31(3), 517-534 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]Liang, Pei; Chen, Huayong; Han, Jinsheng; Wu, Chao; Zhang, Weifeng; Xu, Deru; Lai, Chun-Kit; Kyser, Kurt (2019) Iron oxide-copper-gold mineralization of the Devonian Laoshankou deposit (Xinjiang, NW China) in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Ore Geology Reviews, 104. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.11.028
[3]Liang, Pei, Chen, Huayong, Zhao, Liandang, Wu, Chao, Xie, Yuling, Lai, Chun-Kit (2021) Deciphering fluid origins in the Paleozoic Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit, East Junggar: Constraints from noble gases and halogens. Geoscience Frontiers, 12 (5) 101173pp. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101173
[1]Zhang, Shuanliang, Zhao, Liandang, Liang, Pei, Jiang, Hongjun, Zhang, Weifeng (2024) Tectonic setting, mineralization, and ore geochemistry of the Paleozoic IOCG deposits in Xinjiang, NW China. Ore Geology Reviews, 175. 106317 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106317
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