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Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibiai
Regional Level Types
Messum Igneous ComplexComplex
Brandberg AreaMountain Area
Dâures ConstituencyConstituency
Erongo RegionRegion
NamibiaCountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
00542920017366019541958.jpg
Messum crater in 2025.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
08681520017272294535435.jpg
View of the Messum crater

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
04315460017272294542854.jpg
A saltpan in the Messum crater.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
00542920017366019541958.jpg
Messum crater in 2025.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
09255560017366019546214.jpg
View of the Messum crater

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
02840110017366019553931.jpg
A saltpan in the Messum crater.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
00542920017366019541958.jpg
Messum crater in 2025.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
08681520017272294535435.jpg
View of the Messum crater

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
Latitude & Longitude:
21° South , 14° East (est.)
Estimate based on other nearby localities or region boundaries.
Margin of Error:
~113km
GRN:
S15E10
Type:
Complex
Age:
132.0 ± 2.2 to 126.8 ± 1.3 Ma
Geologic Time:
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Dating method:
Rb-Sr on microgabbro, plagioclase and biotite and separated minerals
Reference for age:
Allsopp et al. 1984; Milner et al. 1995
Mindat Locality ID:
235952
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:235952:9
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Messum Complex


Note: Most of this area is protected as a national park, it is ecologically very sensitive, if you visit make sure you keep to existing tracks.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

42 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded


Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘ Aegirine-augite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase
Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
References:
Mathias, M. (1956): The petrology of the Messum igneous complex, South-West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 59, 1-35. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_2142
Korn, H. & Martin, H. (1955): The Messum igneous complex in South-West Africa. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa, 57, 83-124.
Mathias, Morna (1957) The geochemistry of the Messum Igneous Complex, South-West Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 12 (1) 29-46 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90015-7
Allsopp, H. L., Bristow, J. W., Logan, C. T., Eales, H. V., & Erlank, A. J. (1984). Rb-Sr geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes. In: Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 13, 281-287.
Fitch, F. J., & Miller, J. A. (1984). Dating Karoo igneous rocks by the conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum methods. In:Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 13, 247-266.
Aldrich, S. (1986). Progress report on a gravity and magnetic investigation of the Messum and Erongo igneous complexes. Communications of the Geological Survey of South West Africa/Namibia, 2, 47-52.
Milner, S. C., & Ewart, A. (1989). The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 5, 31-40.
Harris, Chris (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic anorogenic complexes of Damaraland, northwest Namibia: evidence for crustal contamination and its effect on silica saturation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122 (3) 308-321 doi:10.1007/s004100050130
MILNER, S. C., LE ROEX, A. P., O'CONNOR, J. M. (1995) Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, 152 (1). 97-104 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.1.0097
ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'
References:
Mathias, M. (1956): The petrology of the Messum igneous complex, South-West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 59, 1-35. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_2142
Korn, H. & Martin, H. (1955): The Messum igneous complex in South-West Africa. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa, 57, 83-124.
Mathias, Morna (1957) The geochemistry of the Messum Igneous Complex, South-West Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 12 (1) 29-46 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90015-7
Allsopp, H. L., Bristow, J. W., Logan, C. T., Eales, H. V., & Erlank, A. J. (1984). Rb-Sr geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes. In: Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 13, 281-287.
Fitch, F. J., & Miller, J. A. (1984). Dating Karoo igneous rocks by the conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum methods. In:Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 13, 247-266.
Aldrich, S. (1986). Progress report on a gravity and magnetic investigation of the Messum and Erongo igneous complexes. Communications of the Geological Survey of South West Africa/Namibia, 2, 47-52.
Milner, S. C., & Ewart, A. (1989). The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 5, 31-40.
Harris, Chris (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic anorogenic complexes of Damaraland, northwest Namibia: evidence for crustal contamination and its effect on silica saturation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122 (3) 308-321 doi:10.1007/s004100050130
MILNER, S. C., LE ROEX, A. P., O'CONNOR, J. M. (1995) Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, 152 (1). 97-104 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.1.0097
ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)
Formula: (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
References:
Mathias, M. (1956): The petrology of the Messum igneous complex, South-West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 59, 1-35. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_2142
Korn, H. & Martin, H. (1955): The Messum igneous complex in South-West Africa. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa, 57, 83-124.
Mathias, Morna (1957) The geochemistry of the Messum Igneous Complex, South-West Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 12 (1) 29-46 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90015-7
Allsopp, H. L., Bristow, J. W., Logan, C. T., Eales, H. V., & Erlank, A. J. (1984). Rb-Sr geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes. In: Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 13, 281-287.
Fitch, F. J., & Miller, J. A. (1984). Dating Karoo igneous rocks by the conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum methods. In:Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 13, 247-266.
Aldrich, S. (1986). Progress report on a gravity and magnetic investigation of the Messum and Erongo igneous complexes. Communications of the Geological Survey of South West Africa/Namibia, 2, 47-52.
Milner, S. C., & Ewart, A. (1989). The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 5, 31-40.
Harris, Chris (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic anorogenic complexes of Damaraland, northwest Namibia: evidence for crustal contamination and its effect on silica saturation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122 (3) 308-321 doi:10.1007/s004100050130
MILNER, S. C., LE ROEX, A. P., O'CONNOR, J. M. (1995) Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, 152 (1). 97-104 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.1.0097
ⓘ Analcime
Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘ Anorthite
Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8)
References:
Mathias, M. (1956): The petrology of the Messum igneous complex, South-West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 59, 1-35. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_2142
Korn, H. & Martin, H. (1955): The Messum igneous complex in South-West Africa. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa, 57, 83-124.
Mathias, Morna (1957) The geochemistry of the Messum Igneous Complex, South-West Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 12 (1) 29-46 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90015-7
Allsopp, H. L., Bristow, J. W., Logan, C. T., Eales, H. V., & Erlank, A. J. (1984). Rb-Sr geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes. In: Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 13, 281-287.
Fitch, F. J., & Miller, J. A. (1984). Dating Karoo igneous rocks by the conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum methods. In:Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 13, 247-266.
Aldrich, S. (1986). Progress report on a gravity and magnetic investigation of the Messum and Erongo igneous complexes. Communications of the Geological Survey of South West Africa/Namibia, 2, 47-52.
Milner, S. C., & Ewart, A. (1989). The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 5, 31-40.
Harris, Chris (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic anorogenic complexes of Damaraland, northwest Namibia: evidence for crustal contamination and its effect on silica saturation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122 (3) 308-321 doi:10.1007/s004100050130
MILNER, S. C., LE ROEX, A. P., O'CONNOR, J. M. (1995) Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, 152 (1). 97-104 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.1.0097
ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite
Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
References:
Mathias, M. (1956): The petrology of the Messum igneous complex, South-West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 59, 1-35. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_2142
Korn, H. & Martin, H. (1955): The Messum igneous complex in South-West Africa. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa, 57, 83-124.
Mathias, Morna (1957) The geochemistry of the Messum Igneous Complex, South-West Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 12 (1) 29-46 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90015-7
Allsopp, H. L., Bristow, J. W., Logan, C. T., Eales, H. V., & Erlank, A. J. (1984). Rb-Sr geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes. In: Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 13, 281-287.
Fitch, F. J., & Miller, J. A. (1984). Dating Karoo igneous rocks by the conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum methods. In:Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 13, 247-266.
Aldrich, S. (1986). Progress report on a gravity and magnetic investigation of the Messum and Erongo igneous complexes. Communications of the Geological Survey of South West Africa/Namibia, 2, 47-52.
Milner, S. C., & Ewart, A. (1989). The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 5, 31-40.
Harris, Chris (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic anorogenic complexes of Damaraland, northwest Namibia: evidence for crustal contamination and its effect on silica saturation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122 (3) 308-321 doi:10.1007/s004100050130
MILNER, S. C., LE ROEX, A. P., O'CONNOR, J. M. (1995) Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, 152 (1). 97-104 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.1.0097
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ Arfvedsonite
Formula: [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
References:
Mathias, M. (1956): The petrology of the Messum igneous complex, South-West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 59, 1-35. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_2142
Korn, H. & Martin, H. (1955): The Messum igneous complex in South-West Africa. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa, 57, 83-124.
Mathias, Morna (1957) The geochemistry of the Messum Igneous Complex, South-West Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 12 (1) 29-46 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90015-7
Allsopp, H. L., Bristow, J. W., Logan, C. T., Eales, H. V., & Erlank, A. J. (1984). Rb-Sr geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes. In: Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 13, 281-287.
Fitch, F. J., & Miller, J. A. (1984). Dating Karoo igneous rocks by the conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum methods. In:Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 13, 247-266.
Aldrich, S. (1986). Progress report on a gravity and magnetic investigation of the Messum and Erongo igneous complexes. Communications of the Geological Survey of South West Africa/Namibia, 2, 47-52.
Milner, S. C., & Ewart, A. (1989). The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 5, 31-40.
Harris, Chris (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic anorogenic complexes of Damaraland, northwest Namibia: evidence for crustal contamination and its effect on silica saturation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122 (3) 308-321 doi:10.1007/s004100050130
MILNER, S. C., LE ROEX, A. P., O'CONNOR, J. M. (1995) Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, 152 (1). 97-104 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.1.0097
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
References:
Mathias, M. (1956): The petrology of the Messum igneous complex, South-West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 59, 1-35. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_2142
Korn, H. & Martin, H. (1955): The Messum igneous complex in South-West Africa. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa, 57, 83-124.
Mathias, Morna (1957) The geochemistry of the Messum Igneous Complex, South-West Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 12 (1) 29-46 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90015-7
Allsopp, H. L., Bristow, J. W., Logan, C. T., Eales, H. V., & Erlank, A. J. (1984). Rb-Sr geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes. In: Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 13, 281-287.
Fitch, F. J., & Miller, J. A. (1984). Dating Karoo igneous rocks by the conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum methods. In:Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 13, 247-266.
Aldrich, S. (1986). Progress report on a gravity and magnetic investigation of the Messum and Erongo igneous complexes. Communications of the Geological Survey of South West Africa/Namibia, 2, 47-52.
Milner, S. C., & Ewart, A. (1989). The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 5, 31-40.
Harris, Chris (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic anorogenic complexes of Damaraland, northwest Namibia: evidence for crustal contamination and its effect on silica saturation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122 (3) 308-321 doi:10.1007/s004100050130
MILNER, S. C., LE ROEX, A. P., O'CONNOR, J. M. (1995) Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, 152 (1). 97-104 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.1.0097
ⓘ Baddeleyite
Formula: ZrO2
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Britholite-(Ce)
Formula: (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Cancrinite
Formula: (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘ Chevkinite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce4(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)2
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' ?
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
References:
Mathias, M. (1956): The petrology of the Messum igneous complex, South-West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 59, 1-35. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_2142
Korn, H. & Martin, H. (1955): The Messum igneous complex in South-West Africa. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa, 57, 83-124.
Mathias, Morna (1957) The geochemistry of the Messum Igneous Complex, South-West Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 12 (1) 29-46 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90015-7
Allsopp, H. L., Bristow, J. W., Logan, C. T., Eales, H. V., & Erlank, A. J. (1984). Rb-Sr geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes. In: Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 13, 281-287.
Fitch, F. J., & Miller, J. A. (1984). Dating Karoo igneous rocks by the conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum methods. In:Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 13, 247-266.
Aldrich, S. (1986). Progress report on a gravity and magnetic investigation of the Messum and Erongo igneous complexes. Communications of the Geological Survey of South West Africa/Namibia, 2, 47-52.
Milner, S. C., & Ewart, A. (1989). The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 5, 31-40.
Harris, Chris (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic anorogenic complexes of Damaraland, northwest Namibia: evidence for crustal contamination and its effect on silica saturation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122 (3) 308-321 doi:10.1007/s004100050130
MILNER, S. C., LE ROEX, A. P., O'CONNOR, J. M. (1995) Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, 152 (1). 97-104 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.1.0097
ⓘ Dawsonite
Formula: NaAlCO3(OH)2
ⓘ Elbaite ?
Formula: Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Description: Dark green crystals rarely found
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ Eudialyte
Formula: Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
References:
Mathias, M. (1956): The petrology of the Messum igneous complex, South-West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 59, 1-35. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_2142
Korn, H. & Martin, H. (1955): The Messum igneous complex in South-West Africa. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa, 57, 83-124.
Mathias, Morna (1957) The geochemistry of the Messum Igneous Complex, South-West Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 12 (1) 29-46 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90015-7
Allsopp, H. L., Bristow, J. W., Logan, C. T., Eales, H. V., & Erlank, A. J. (1984). Rb-Sr geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes. In: Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 13, 281-287.
Fitch, F. J., & Miller, J. A. (1984). Dating Karoo igneous rocks by the conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum methods. In:Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 13, 247-266.
Allsopp, H. L., Bristow, J. W., Logan, C. T., Eales, H. V., & Erlank, A. J. (1984). Rb-Sr geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes. In: Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 13, 281-287.
Fitch, F. J., & Miller, J. A. (1984). Dating Karoo igneous rocks by the conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum methods. In:Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 13, 247-266.
Aldrich, S. (1986). Progress report on a gravity and magnetic investigation of the Messum and Erongo igneous complexes. Communications of the Geological Survey of South West Africa/Namibia, 2, 47-52.
Milner, S. C., & Ewart, A. (1989). The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 5, 31-40.
Harris, Chris (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic anorogenic complexes of Damaraland, northwest Namibia: evidence for crustal contamination and its effect on silica saturation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122 (3) 308-321 doi:10.1007/s004100050130
MILNER, S. C., LE ROEX, A. P., O'CONNOR, J. M. (1995) Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, 152 (1). 97-104 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.1.0097
Harris, Chris (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic anorogenic complexes of Damaraland, northwest Namibia: evidence for crustal contamination and its effect on silica saturation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122 (3) 308-321 doi:10.1007/s004100050130
MILNER, S. C., LE ROEX, A. P., O'CONNOR, J. M. (1995) Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, 152 (1). 97-104 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.1.0097
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'
References:
Mathias, M. (1956): The petrology of the Messum igneous complex, South-West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 59, 1-35. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_2142
Korn, H. & Martin, H. (1955): The Messum igneous complex in South-West Africa. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa, 57, 83-124.
Mathias, Morna (1957) The geochemistry of the Messum Igneous Complex, South-West Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 12 (1) 29-46 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90015-7
Allsopp, H. L., Bristow, J. W., Logan, C. T., Eales, H. V., & Erlank, A. J. (1984). Rb-Sr geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes. In: Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 13, 281-287.
Fitch, F. J., & Miller, J. A. (1984). Dating Karoo igneous rocks by the conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum methods. In:Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 13, 247-266.
Aldrich, S. (1986). Progress report on a gravity and magnetic investigation of the Messum and Erongo igneous complexes. Communications of the Geological Survey of South West Africa/Namibia, 2, 47-52.
Milner, S. C., & Ewart, A. (1989). The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 5, 31-40.
Harris, Chris (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic anorogenic complexes of Damaraland, northwest Namibia: evidence for crustal contamination and its effect on silica saturation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122 (3) 308-321 doi:10.1007/s004100050130
MILNER, S. C., LE ROEX, A. P., O'CONNOR, J. M. (1995) Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, 152 (1). 97-104 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.1.0097
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Hastingsite
Formula: NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘ Hiortdahlite
Formula: Na2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3
ⓘ 'Hypersthene'
Formula: (Mg,Fe)SiO3
References:
Mathias, M. (1956): The petrology of the Messum igneous complex, South-West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 59, 1-35. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_2142
Korn, H. & Martin, H. (1955): The Messum igneous complex in South-West Africa. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa, 57, 83-124.
Mathias, Morna (1957) The geochemistry of the Messum Igneous Complex, South-West Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 12 (1) 29-46 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90015-7
Allsopp, H. L., Bristow, J. W., Logan, C. T., Eales, H. V., & Erlank, A. J. (1984). Rb-Sr geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes. In: Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 13, 281-287.
Fitch, F. J., & Miller, J. A. (1984). Dating Karoo igneous rocks by the conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum methods. In:Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 13, 247-266.
Aldrich, S. (1986). Progress report on a gravity and magnetic investigation of the Messum and Erongo igneous complexes. Communications of the Geological Survey of South West Africa/Namibia, 2, 47-52.
Milner, S. C., & Ewart, A. (1989). The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 5, 31-40.
Harris, Chris (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic anorogenic complexes of Damaraland, northwest Namibia: evidence for crustal contamination and its effect on silica saturation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122 (3) 308-321 doi:10.1007/s004100050130
MILNER, S. C., LE ROEX, A. P., O'CONNOR, J. M. (1995) Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, 152 (1). 97-104 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.1.0097
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
References:
Mathias, M. (1956): The petrology of the Messum igneous complex, South-West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 59, 1-35. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_2142
Korn, H. & Martin, H. (1955): The Messum igneous complex in South-West Africa. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa, 57, 83-124.
Mathias, Morna (1957) The geochemistry of the Messum Igneous Complex, South-West Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 12 (1) 29-46 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90015-7
Allsopp, H. L., Bristow, J. W., Logan, C. T., Eales, H. V., & Erlank, A. J. (1984). Rb-Sr geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes. In: Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 13, 281-287.
Fitch, F. J., & Miller, J. A. (1984). Dating Karoo igneous rocks by the conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum methods. In:Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 13, 247-266.
Aldrich, S. (1986). Progress report on a gravity and magnetic investigation of the Messum and Erongo igneous complexes. Communications of the Geological Survey of South West Africa/Namibia, 2, 47-52.
Milner, S. C., & Ewart, A. (1989). The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 5, 31-40.
Harris, Chris (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic anorogenic complexes of Damaraland, northwest Namibia: evidence for crustal contamination and its effect on silica saturation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122 (3) 308-321 doi:10.1007/s004100050130
MILNER, S. C., LE ROEX, A. P., O'CONNOR, J. M. (1995) Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, 152 (1). 97-104 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.1.0097
ⓘ Låvenite
Formula: Na2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
✪ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Description: A cavity found in the mid 70's had several hundred Microcline specimens as elongated crystals up to 25cm, occasional with smoky Quartz crystals.
ⓘ 'Microperthite'
References:
Mathias, M. (1956): The petrology of the Messum igneous complex, South-West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 59, 1-35. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_2142
Korn, H. & Martin, H. (1955): The Messum igneous complex in South-West Africa. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa, 57, 83-124.
Mathias, Morna (1957) The geochemistry of the Messum Igneous Complex, South-West Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 12 (1) 29-46 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90015-7
Allsopp, H. L., Bristow, J. W., Logan, C. T., Eales, H. V., & Erlank, A. J. (1984). Rb-Sr geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes. In: Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 13, 281-287.
Fitch, F. J., & Miller, J. A. (1984). Dating Karoo igneous rocks by the conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum methods. In:Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 13, 247-266.
Aldrich, S. (1986). Progress report on a gravity and magnetic investigation of the Messum and Erongo igneous complexes. Communications of the Geological Survey of South West Africa/Namibia, 2, 47-52.
Milner, S. C., & Ewart, A. (1989). The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 5, 31-40.
Harris, Chris (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic anorogenic complexes of Damaraland, northwest Namibia: evidence for crustal contamination and its effect on silica saturation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122 (3) 308-321 doi:10.1007/s004100050130
MILNER, S. C., LE ROEX, A. P., O'CONNOR, J. M. (1995) Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, 152 (1). 97-104 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.1.0097
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘ Orthoclase
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
References:
Mathias, M. (1956): The petrology of the Messum igneous complex, South-West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 59, 1-35. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_2142
Korn, H. & Martin, H. (1955): The Messum igneous complex in South-West Africa. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa, 57, 83-124.
Mathias, Morna (1957) The geochemistry of the Messum Igneous Complex, South-West Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 12 (1) 29-46 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90015-7
Allsopp, H. L., Bristow, J. W., Logan, C. T., Eales, H. V., & Erlank, A. J. (1984). Rb-Sr geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes. In: Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 13, 281-287.
Fitch, F. J., & Miller, J. A. (1984). Dating Karoo igneous rocks by the conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum methods. In:Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 13, 247-266.
Aldrich, S. (1986). Progress report on a gravity and magnetic investigation of the Messum and Erongo igneous complexes. Communications of the Geological Survey of South West Africa/Namibia, 2, 47-52.
Milner, S. C., & Ewart, A. (1989). The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 5, 31-40.
Harris, Chris (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic anorogenic complexes of Damaraland, northwest Namibia: evidence for crustal contamination and its effect on silica saturation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122 (3) 308-321 doi:10.1007/s004100050130
MILNER, S. C., LE ROEX, A. P., O'CONNOR, J. M. (1995) Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, 152 (1). 97-104 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.1.0097
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Description: Altered to Geothite
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Description: Occasionally pale Amethyst is found usually only pale Smoky Quartz in most cavities.
✪ Quartz var. Amethyst
Formula: SiO2
✪ Quartz var. Sceptre Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Description: Sceptre development of the Quartz is varied and often bizarre.
ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Riebeckite
Formula: ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Schorl
Formula: NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘ Scolecite
Formula: CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
ⓘ Siderite
Formula: FeCO3
ⓘ Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘ 'Stilbite Subgroup'
Formula: M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘ Topaz
Formula: Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Description: Only a single specimen of Topaz has been found on these plains, it is suggested that it may have been carried here by nomadic prehistoric hunters-gatheres whose stone tools are sometimes noted.
ⓘ Wöhlerite
Formula: Na2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3F
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)
Description: Found in vugs with dark smoky Quartz as small crystals with dark contact halos in the Quartz.

Gallery:

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
trans.png
Feldspar Group, etc.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
trans.png
Feldspar Group, etc.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
trans.png
Feldspar Group, etc.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
SiO2ⓘ Quartz
trans.png
Quartz, etc.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
trans.png
Quartz, etc.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
trans.png
Quartz, etc.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
trans.png
Quartz, etc.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
trans.png
Quartz, etc.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
trans.png
Quartz, etc.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
trans.png
Quartz, etc.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
trans.png
Quartz, etc.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
SiO2ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz
trans.png
Smoky Quartz, etc.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
trans.png
Smoky Quartz, etc.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
trans.png
Smoky Quartz, etc.

Messum Crater, Messum Igneous Complex, Brandberg Area, Dâures Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘQuartz
var. Amethyst		4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘ4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Smoky Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Sceptre Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘBaddeleyite4.DE.35ZrO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘSiderite5.AB.05FeCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘDawsonite5.BB.10NaAlCO3(OH)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘTopaz9.AF.35Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘBritholite-(Ce)9.AH.25(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
ⓘHiortdahlite9.BE.17Na2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3
ⓘLåvenite9.BE.17Na2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
ⓘWöhlerite9.BE.17Na2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3F
ⓘChevkinite-(Ce)9.BE.70Ce4(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)2
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘAllanite-(Ce)9.BG.05b(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘElbaite ?9.CK.05Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘSchorl9.CK.05NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘEudialyte9.CO.10Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘActinolite9.DE.10◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘHastingsite9.DE.15NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘArfvedsonite9.DE.25[Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘRiebeckite9.DE.25◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘOrthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAnorthite9.FA.35Ca(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘvar. Labradorite9.FA.35(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
ⓘAlbite
var. Oligoclase		9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
ⓘCancrinite9.FB.05(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘSodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘScolecite9.GA.05CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
ⓘAnalcime9.GB.05Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Unclassified
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Chlorite Group' ?-
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Hypersthene'-(Mg,Fe)SiO3
ⓘ'Stilbite Subgroup'-M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
ⓘ'Feldspar Group
var. Perthite'		-
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Microperthite'-
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Hⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Hⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Hⓘ DawsoniteNaAlCO3(OH)2
Hⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Hⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Hⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hⓘ ScoleciteCaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
Hⓘ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Hⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
LiLithium
Liⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
BBoron
Bⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Bⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Cⓘ DawsoniteNaAlCO3(OH)2
Cⓘ SideriteFeCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Oⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ Quartz var. AmethystSiO2
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Oⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Oⓘ DawsoniteNaAlCO3(OH)2
Oⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Oⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Oⓘ HiortdahliteNa2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3
Oⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Oⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Oⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Oⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oⓘ ScoleciteCaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
Oⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Oⓘ Quartz var. Smoky QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Oⓘ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Oⓘ WöhleriteNa2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3F
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Chevkinite-(Ce)Ce4(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)2
Oⓘ Quartz var. Sceptre QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
FFluorine
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Fⓘ HiortdahliteNa2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3
Fⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Fⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Fⓘ WöhleriteNa2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3F
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Naⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Naⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Naⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Naⓘ DawsoniteNaAlCO3(OH)2
Naⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Naⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Naⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Naⓘ HiortdahliteNa2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3
Naⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Naⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Naⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Naⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Naⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Naⓘ WöhleriteNa2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3F
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Mgⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Alⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Alⓘ DawsoniteNaAlCO3(OH)2
Alⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Alⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Alⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Alⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alⓘ ScoleciteCaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
Alⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Alⓘ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Alⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Siⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ Quartz var. AmethystSiO2
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Siⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Siⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Siⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Siⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Siⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Siⓘ HiortdahliteNa2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3
Siⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Siⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Siⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Siⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Siⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siⓘ ScoleciteCaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
Siⓘ Quartz var. Smoky QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Siⓘ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Siⓘ WöhleriteNa2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3F
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Chevkinite-(Ce)Ce4(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)2
Siⓘ Quartz var. Sceptre QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Clⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Caⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Caⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Caⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Caⓘ HiortdahliteNa2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3
Caⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Caⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Caⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Caⓘ ScoleciteCaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ WöhleriteNa2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3F
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Tiⓘ Chevkinite-(Ce)Ce4(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)2
MnManganese
Mnⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
FeIron
Feⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Feⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Feⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Feⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Feⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Feⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Feⓘ Chevkinite-(Ce)Ce4(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)2
Feⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Zrⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Zrⓘ HiortdahliteNa2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3
Zrⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Zrⓘ WöhleriteNa2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3F
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Nbⓘ WöhleriteNa2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3F
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Ceⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Ceⓘ Chevkinite-(Ce)Ce4(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)2

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Late Jurassic : 149 ± 1 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Mesozoic
  Jurassic
   Late Jurassic
ⓘ Biotite149 ± 1 Ma

Localities in this Region

Namibia
  • Erongo Region
    • Dâures Constituency

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AfricaContinent
African PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Mathias, M. (1956): The petrology of the Messum igneous complex, South-West Africa. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 59, 1-35. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_2142
Korn, H. & Martin, H. (1955): The Messum igneous complex in South-West Africa. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa, 57, 83-124.
Mathias, Morna (1957) The geochemistry of the Messum Igneous Complex, South-West Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 12 (1) 29-46 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90015-7
Allsopp, H. L., Bristow, J. W., Logan, C. T., Eales, H. V., & Erlank, A. J. (1984). Rb-Sr geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes. In: Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publications, 13, 281-287.
Fitch, F. J., & Miller, J. A. (1984). Dating Karoo igneous rocks by the conventional K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum methods. In:Erlank, A.J. (ed.) Petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Province. Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication, 13, 247-266.
Aldrich, S. (1986). Progress report on a gravity and magnetic investigation of the Messum and Erongo igneous complexes. Communications of the Geological Survey of South West Africa/Namibia, 2, 47-52.
Milner, S. C., & Ewart, A. (1989). The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 5, 31-40.
Harris, Chris (1995) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic anorogenic complexes of Damaraland, northwest Namibia: evidence for crustal contamination and its effect on silica saturation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122 (3) 308-321 doi:10.1007/s004100050130
MILNER, S. C., LE ROEX, A. P., O'CONNOR, J. M. (1995) Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, 152 (1). 97-104 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.1.0097
Harris, C., Marsh, J. S., Milner, S. C. (1999) Petrology of the Alkaline Core of the Messum Igneous Complex, Namibia: Evidence for the Progressively Decreasing Effect of Crustal Contamination. Journal of Petrology, 40 (9) 1377-1397 doi:10.1093/petroj/40.9.1377
Woolley, A. R. (2001) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 3: Africa - Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. The Geological Society of London.p.211
von Bezing, Ludi (2007) Namibia - Minerals and Localities (1st ed.). Bode Verlag GmbH.p.270
Blancher, S. B., D'Arco, P., Fonteilles, M., Pascal, M.-L. (2010) Evolution of nepheline from mafic to highly differentiated members of the alkaline series: the Messum complex, Namibia. Mineralogical Magazine, 74 (3) 415-432 doi:10.1180/minmag.2010.074.3.415
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