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Windy Craggy deposit, Atlin Mining Division, British Columbia, Canadai
Regional Level Types
Windy Craggy depositDeposit
Atlin Mining DivisionDivision
British ColumbiaProvince
CanadaCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
59° 39' 49'' North , 137° 43' 17'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
59.66374,-137.72147
GRN:
N40W53
Type:
Deposit
Köppen climate type:
ET : Tundra
Mindat Locality ID:
239048
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:239048:5
GUID (UUID V4):
0


A copper-cobalt-gold massive sulphide deposit. Discovered in 1958.

Located in the Alsek-Tatshenshini River area of the St. Elias Mountains.

The Windy Craggy deposit of British Columbia, Canada is the largest known Besshi-type deposit worldwide (297.4 Mt, 1.38 % Cu at a cut-off grade of 0.5 % Cu). It is anomalous among this subtype owing to the exceptional thickness of its ore bodies (up to 150 m, attributed to isoclinal folding) and the presence of a well-developed stockwork zone with intense hydrothermal alteration. Classical Besshi-type deposits of Japan typically display only thin stratified chloritization zones in the footwall of ore bodies.

The deposit is located in a very remote area and today part of a 5 million hectare United Nations World Heritage Site.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


39 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘ Azurite
Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Chalcanthite
Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O
ⓘ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ Cobaltite
Formula: CoAsS
ⓘ Cubanite
Formula: CuFe2S3
ⓘ Cuprite
Formula: Cu2O
ⓘ Digenite
Formula: Cu9S5
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ Graphite
Formula: C
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Hisingerite
Formula: Fe3+2(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ 'Leucoxene'
ⓘ 'Limonite'
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Melanterite
Formula: Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Native Copper
Formula: Cu
ⓘ Native Gold
Formula: Au
ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum
Formula: (Au,Ag)
ⓘ Native Silver
Formula: Ag
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Siderite
Formula: FeCO3
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Stilpnomelane
Formula: (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘ Tremolite
Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘ Valleriite
Formula: (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘNative Copper1.AA.05Cu
ⓘNative Gold
var. Electrum		1.AA.05(Au,Ag)
ⓘ1.AA.05Au
ⓘNative Silver1.AA.05Ag
ⓘGraphite1.CB.05aC
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
ⓘDigenite2.BA.10Cu9S5
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘCubanite2.CB.55aCuFe2S3
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘMarcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
ⓘArsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
ⓘCobaltite2.EB.25CoAsS
ⓘValleriite2.FD.30(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘCuprite4.AA.10Cu2O
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘSiderite5.AB.05FeCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘAzurite5.BA.05Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘMalachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘChalcanthite7.CB.20CuSO4 · 5H2O
ⓘMelanterite7.CB.35Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘActinolite9.DE.10◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘTremolite9.DE.10◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘHisingerite9.ED.10Fe3+2(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O
ⓘStilpnomelane9.EG.40(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Limonite'-
ⓘ'Leucoxene'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Hⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ HisingeriteFe23+(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hⓘ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Hⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Hⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CCarbon
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ GraphiteC
Cⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cⓘ SideriteFeCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Oⓘ CupriteCu2O
Oⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ HisingeriteFe23+(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oⓘ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Oⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Oⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
FFluorine
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Mgⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Alⓘ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Alⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ HisingeriteFe23+(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SSulfur
Sⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Sⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Sⓘ CobaltiteCoAsS
Sⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Sⓘ DigeniteCu9S5
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Sⓘ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Kⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
FeIron
Feⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Feⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ HisingeriteFe23+(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Feⓘ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Feⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Feⓘ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
CoCobalt
Coⓘ CobaltiteCoAsS
CuCopper
Cuⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Cuⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Cuⓘ CupriteCu2O
Cuⓘ Native CopperCu
Cuⓘ DigeniteCu9S5
Cuⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cuⓘ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asⓘ CobaltiteCoAsS
AgSilver
Agⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
Agⓘ Native SilverAg
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
AuGold
Auⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
Auⓘ Native GoldAu
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

North AmericaContinent
North America PlateTectonic Plate

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References

www.mineralmundi.com (n.d.) http://www.mineralmundi.com/canada/british-columbia/windy-craggy-deposit.aspx
Peter, J.M. (1989): The Windy Craggy copper-cobalt-gold massive sulphide deposit, Northwestern British Columbia (114P). British Columbia Ministry of Energy Mines and Petroleum Resources, Geologica Fieldwork, 1988, Paper 1989-1, 455-466. [http://www.empr.gov.bc.ca/Mining/Geoscience/PublicationsCatalogue/Fieldwork/Documents/1988/455-466-peter.pdf]
Claridge, Philip G.; Downing, Bruce W. (1993): Environmental geology and geochemistry at the Windy Craggy massive sulfide deposit, northwestern British Columbia. CIM Bulletin 86, 50-57.
Peter, J. M., & Scott, S. D. (1999). Windy Craggy, northwestern British Columbia; the world's largest besshi-type deposit. Reviews in Economic Geology, 8, 261-295.
www.portergeo.com.au (2007) http://www.portergeo.com.au/database/mineinfo.asp?mineid=mn1114
www.spacesfornature.org (2012) http://www.spacesfornature.org/docs/WindyCraggyRetrospective.pdf
wikimapia.org (2013) http://wikimapia.org/20336413/Windy-Craggy-Deposit
[1]Zachariáš, Jiří; Clark, Percy; Köhler, Martin (2026) Tracing the origin and P-T metamorphic history of the VMS Besshi-type Tisová deposit, Czech Republic: Evidence for Co, As and Sb mobility. Ore Geology Reviews, 188. 107050 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107050
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