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Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania i
Regional Level Types
Roşia Montană Village
Roșia Montană Commune
Alba County County
Romania Country

Regional Level Types
Roşia Montană	Village
Roșia Montană	Commune
Alba County	County
Romania	Country

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ROSIA MONTANA

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ROSIA MONTANA

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ROSIA MONTANA, MINA CIRNIC. EXCURSION 2010.

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ROSIA MONTANA

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ROSIA MONTANA

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ROSIA MONTANA, MINA CIRNIC. EXCURSION 2010.

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ROSIA MONTANA

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ROSIA MONTANA

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

Type:

Village

Largest Settlements:

Place	Population
Roșia Montană	1,556 (2013)

Mindat Locality ID:

2607

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:2607:2

GUID (UUID V4):

Other/historical names associated with this locality:

Verespatak; Vöröspatak; Goldbach; Roșia Abrudului; Roșia de Munte; Rotseifen; Alburnus Maior

Other Languages:

View 28 more...

French:

Roșia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba, Roumanie

German:

Goldbach, Roșia Montană, Kreis Alba, Rumänien

Italian:

Roșia Montană, Roșia Montană, distretto di Alba, Romania

Romanian:

Roșia Montană, Roșia Montană, Județul Alba, România

Simplified Chinese:

羅希亞蒙塔訥鄉, 羅希亞蒙塔訥鄉, 阿爾巴縣, 羅馬尼亞

Spanish:

Roșia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba, Rumania

Ukrainian:

Рошія-Монтане, Рошія-Монтане, Алба, Румунія

Albanian:

Roșia Montană, Roșia Montană, Qarku Alba, Rumania

Arabic:

روشيا مونتانا, روشيا مونتانا, إقليم ألبا, رومانيا

Basque:

Roșia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba konderria, Errumania

Bavarian:

Roșia Montană, Roșia Montană, Rumänien

Catalan:

Roșia Montană, Província d'Alba, Romania

Cebuano:

Comuna Roșia Montană, Comuna Roșia Montană, Județul Alba, Rumanya

Chechen:

Рошия-Монтане , Румыни

Czech:

Roșia Montană, Alba, Rumunsko

Dutch:

Roșia Montană, Roșia Montană, District Alba, Roemenië

Esperanto:

Roșia Montană, Roșia Montană, Distrikto Alba, Rumanio

Farsi/Persian:

روزیا مونتانا, شهرستان آلبا, رومانی

Galician:

Roșia Montană, Roșia Montană, Condado de Alba, Romanía

Hebrew:

רושיה מונטנה, אלבה, רומניה

Hungarian:

Verespatak, Verespatak község, Fehér megye, Románia

Japanese:

ロシア・モンタナ, ロシア・モンタナ, アルバ県, ルーマニア

Latin:

Alburnus Maior, Alburnus Maior, Alba, Romania

Macedonian:

Рошја Монтана, Рошја Монтана, Алба, Романија

Malay:

Roșia Montană, Roșia Montană, Daerah Alba, Romania

Minnan / Hokkien-Taiwanese:

Roșia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba Koān, Romania

Occitan:

Roșia Montană, Roșia Montană, Romania

Polish:

Roșia Montană , Okręg Alba, Rumunia

Portuguese:

Roșia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba, Romênia

Serbian:

Општина Рошија Монтана, Општина Рошија Монтана, Алба, Румунија

Serbo-Croatian:

Opština Roșia Montană, Opština Roșia Montană, Alba, Rumunija

Tatar:

Рошия-Монтане , Румыния

Turkish:

Roșia Montană, Alba ili, Romanya

Vietnamese:

Rosia Montana, Rosia Montana, Alba, România

Volapük:

Roșia Montană, Roșia Montană, Rumän

Ancient and modern gold mines around the village Roșia Montană (located about 4 km SW of Roşia Poieni). The ancient mines are located on Cârnic Mountain, with well-preserved Roman galleries. The mining started here more than 2000 years ago.

The old Hungarian names are Verespatak and Vöröspatak; the old German name is Goldbach ('Gold creek'). Roșia Abrudului and Roșia de Munte are older Romanian names.

A project by open-pit mining (by the Canadian investor Gabriel Resources) was abandoned in around 2007. In 2021 Roșia Montană became a World Heritage Area.

Breccia pipe/brecciated dyke, discordant veins in clusters.
Host rock: Dacite.

Alteration: adularization, sericitization, chloritization, argillization, silicification and pyritization.

The ore deposition at the Rosia Montana deposit evolved from an early Au-(Ag) low-sulfidation character to a late Ag-Te-(Ge-Au) intermediate-sulfidation character, and may be correlated with late magmatic pulses (Tamas et al., 2006).

No mines are currently active in Roşia Montanã. The Roşia Montană area has been mined for gold since the Copper Age (5300 to 1700 BC). During this age mining was entirely alluvial. This form of mining continued into the Bronze Age (3500 to 1200 BC) and then into the Early Iron Age (1200 to 550 BC). Roşia Montană quartz-vein lode gold mining is speculated, in literature, to have begun in the late Bronze Age using trench/pit techniques. In the Dacian Age (1st century AD) lode Gold mining began in earnest in Romania. Roşia Montană is the oldest permanent Roman mining settlement in Romania (about 1880 years old) then called “Alburnus Maior.” More accurately, according to Roman Wax Tablets found in the Cătălina Monuleşt gallery in the Coş Mine, the exact founding date was February 6, 131!

Numerous major mines have existed over the ages in the Roşia Montană area. Cârnic, Cetate, Cârnicel, Carpeni, Găuri, Zeus, Coş, Orlea, Ţarina, Piatra Corbului, Igre, Lety, Jig-Văidoaia, and Roşia Poieni (discovered in 1978) are all major mines within an area less than 5 km of the village of Roşia Montanã.
However, it is rare to see anything but Roşia Montanã (Verespatak) on any older label. That is the reason why everyone assumes that Roşia Montanã (Verespatak) is a mine and all specimens labeled Roşia Montanã (Verespatak) come from that mine. Major corrections are needed for Alba and Hunedoara Counties.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.

ⓘ Gold

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'

ⓘ Uytenbogaardtite

ⓘ Vivianite

53 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals. 1 erroneous literature entry.

Rock Types Recorded

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

ⓘ Dacite

ⓘ Volcanic breccia

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Acanthite

Formula: Ag₂S

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

al României, I. G. (2003). The 5th Symposium Baia Mare Branch Of The Geological Society Of Romania, pp. 4-5.

ⓘ Alabandite

Formula: MnS

References:

Tamas, C. G.

Bailly, L.

Ghergari, L.

O'Connor, G.

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

Tamas, C. G., Bailly, L., Ghergari, L., O'Connor, G., Minut, A. (2006) New occurrences of tellurides and argyrodite in Rosia Montana, Apuseni mountains, Romania, and their metallogenic significance. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44 (2). 367-383 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.44.2.367

ⓘ Alburnite (TL)

Formula: Ag₈GeTe₂S₄

Localities:

Cârnicel vein, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

Type Locality: Cârnicel vein, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ⓘ Altaite

Formula: PbTe

Localities:

Cârnicel vein, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ⓘ Alunite

Formula: KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ Alunogen

Formula: Al₂(SO₄)₃ · 17H₂O

References:

Onac, B. P. et al. (2003): STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLVIII, 1, 29-44. [http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/studia/pdf/2003/Onac.pdf]

ⓘ Anatase

Formula: TiO₂

References:

Christian Auer (2014)

ⓘ Ankerite

Formula: Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ Apjohnite

Formula: Mn²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O

References:

Onac, B. P. et al. (2003): STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLVIII, 1, 29-44. [http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/studia/pdf/2003/Onac.pdf]

ⓘ Argyrodite

Formula: Ag₈GeS₆

References:

Bailly, Laurent

Tamas, Calin-Gabriel

Tamas, C. G.

Bailly, L.

Ghergari, L.

O'Connor, G.

Bailly, Laurent, Tămaş, Călin-Gabriel, Minuţ, Adrian (2005) Te-Rich argyrodite occurrence in Roşia Montană ore deposit, Apuseni Mountains, Romania. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 337 (8). 755-762 doi:10.1016/j.crte.2005.03.011

Călin G. TĂMAŞ, Béatrice CAUUET, Marguerite MUNOZ (2016): Argyrodite occurrence in Roșia Montană epithermal Au-Ag deposit, Apuseni Mountains, Romania - EPMA data. Rom. J. Mineral Deposits, 89, 7-12.

IATAN, E. L., & Bilal, E. (2016). New compositional data concerning Au-Ag alloys from the northern part of Roşia Montană deposit, Metaliferi Mountains, Romania. Romanian Journal of Mineral Deposits, 89(1-2), 55-58.

ⓘ Arsenopyrite

Formula: FeAsS

References:

al României, I. G. (2003). The 5th Symposium Baia Mare Branch Of The Geological Society Of Romania, pp. 4-5.

ⓘ Baryte

Formula: BaSO₄

Localities:

Ortra Mine, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ⓘ Berthierite

Formula: FeSb₂S₄

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

Localities:

Cârnicel vein, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ⓘ Canfieldite

Formula: Ag₈SnS₆

References:

Gheorghe C. POPESCU, Antonela NEACȘU (2011): Preliminary data on two tin-sulfosalts (canfieldite and pirquitasite) from Roşia Montană. Romanian Journal of Earth Sciences, 85, 35-41. [http://rjes.igr.ro/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Popescu-Neacsu-Sn-minerals.pdf]

ⓘ Cervelleite

Formula: Ag₄TeS

References:

Tamas, C. G.

Bailly, L.

Ghergari, L.

O'Connor, G.

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

Localities:

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Cetate mine, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Cârnicel vein, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ Copiapite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₄(SO₄)₆(OH)₂ · 20H₂O

References:

Onac, B. P. et al. (2003): STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLVIII, 1, 29-44. [http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/studia/pdf/2003/Onac.pdf]

ⓘ Dietrichite

Formula: ZnAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O

References:

Onac, B. P. et al. (2003): STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLVIII, 1, 29-44. [http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/studia/pdf/2003/Onac.pdf]

ⓘ Evansite

Formula: Al₃(PO₄)(OH)₆ · 6H₂O

References:

Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

Localities:

Cârnicel vein, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ⓘ Goethite

Formula: Fe³⁺O(OH)

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ Halotrichite

Formula: Fe²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O

References:

Onac, B. P. et al. (2003): STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLVIII, 1, 29-44. [http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/studia/pdf/2003/Onac.pdf]

ⓘ Hessite

Formula: Ag₂Te

Localities:

Cârnicel vein, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ Imiterite

Formula: Ag₂HgS₂

References:

In the collection of Brent Thorne. Label from Kristalldruse Munchen and K.k Naturh Hofmus, Mineral,-Petr. Abth.

ⓘ Jôkokuite

Formula: MnSO₄ · 5H₂O

References:

Onac, B. P. et al. (2003): STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLVIII, 1, 29-44. [http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/studia/pdf/2003/Onac.pdf]

ⓘ Kalinite

Formula: KAl(SO₄)₂ · 11H₂O

References:

Onac, B. P. et al. (2003): STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLVIII, 1, 29-44. [http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/studia/pdf/2003/Onac.pdf]

ⓘ Kaolinite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

References:

Sillitoe, Richard H. (1985) Ore-related breccias in volcanoplutonic arcs. Economic Geology, 80 (6). 1467-1514 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.80.6.1467

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ 'K Feldspar var. Adularia'

Formula: KAlSi₃O₈

References:

Sillitoe, Richard H. (1985) Ore-related breccias in volcanoplutonic arcs. Economic Geology, 80 (6). 1467-1514 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.80.6.1467

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ Marcasite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Tamas, C. G.

Bailly, L.

Ghergari, L.

O'Connor, G.

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ Melanterite

Formula: Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆(SO₄) · H₂O

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

Onac, B. P. et al. (2003): STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLVIII, 1, 29-44. [http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/studia/pdf/2003/Onac.pdf]

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ Native Gold

Formula: Au

Localities:

Cârnicel vein, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Cetate mine, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum

Formula: (Au,Ag)

Localities:

Cârnicel vein, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ⓘ ~~Opal~~

Formula: SiO₂ · nH₂O

Habit: Biege common Opal, chalky to botryoidal

Colour: brown to biege

Description: Opal never occurred at Rosia Montana but did occur in Hunedoara County. (Frank Dzubeck Private Communication)

References:

Woodside collection

ⓘ Pearceite

Formula: [Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ Petzite

Formula: Ag₃AuTe₂

References:

Tamas, C. G.

Bailly, L.

Ghergari, L.

O'Connor, G.

ⓘ Pickeringite

Formula: MgAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O

References:

Onac, B. P. et al. (2003): STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLVIII, 1, 29-44. [http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/studia/pdf/2003/Onac.pdf]

ⓘ Pigeonite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ Pirquitasite

Formula: Ag₂ZnSnS₄

References:

ⓘ Polybasite

Formula: [Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ Proustite

Formula: Ag₃AsS₃

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

al României, I. G. (2003). The 5th Symposium Baia Mare Branch Of The Geological Society Of Romania, pp. 4-5.

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

Localities:

Cârnicel vein, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Cetate mine, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Localities:

Cârnicel vein, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Cetate mine, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal

Formula: SiO₂

ⓘ Rhodochrosite

Formula: MnCO₃

Localities:

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Cetate mine, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Cârnicel vein, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ⓘ Rhodonite

Formula: CaMn₃Mn[Si₅O₁₅]

Localities:

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Cârnicel vein, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ⓘ Rozenite

Formula: FeSO₄ · 4H₂O

References:

Onac, B. P. et al. (2003): STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLVIII, 1, 29-44. [http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/studia/pdf/2003/Onac.pdf]

ⓘ Siderite

Formula: FeCO₃

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

Localities:

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Cârnicel vein, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ⓘ Stephanite

Formula: Ag₅SbS₄

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ Sylvanite

Formula: AgAuTe₄

Localities:

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Cârnicel vein, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ⓘ Talc

Formula: Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S

Localities:

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania
Cârnicel vein, Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

ⓘ Uytenbogaardtite

Formula: Ag₃AuS₂

References:

ⓘ Vivianite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe²⁺₂(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O

References:

www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html

Gallery:

PbTeⓘ Altaite

Altaite

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

Altaite

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

Altaite

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

Mn²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂Oⓘ Apjohnite

Apjohnite

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

Apjohnite

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

Apjohnite

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

SiO₂ⓘ Quartz

Quartz

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

Quartz

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

Quartz

Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba County, Romania

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Gold var. Electrum	1.AA.05	(Au,Ag)
ⓘ		1.AA.05	Au
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Alburnite (TL)	2.BA.	Ag₈GeTe₂S₄
ⓘ	Acanthite	2.BA.35	Ag₂S
ⓘ	Cervelleite	2.BA.60	Ag₄TeS
ⓘ	Hessite	2.BA.60	Ag₂Te
ⓘ	Argyrodite	2.BA.70	Ag₈GeS₆
ⓘ	Canfieldite	2.BA.70	Ag₈SnS₆
ⓘ	Petzite	2.BA.75	Ag₃AuTe₂
ⓘ	Uytenbogaardtite	2.BA.75	Ag₃AuS₂
ⓘ	Imiterite	2.BD.05	Ag₂HgS₂
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Pirquitasite	2.CB.15a	Ag₂ZnSnS₄
ⓘ	Alabandite	2.CD.10	MnS
ⓘ	Altaite	2.CD.10	PbTe
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Sylvanite	2.EA.05	AgAuTe₄
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Marcasite	2.EB.10a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Arsenopyrite	2.EB.20	FeAsS
ⓘ	Proustite	2.GA.05	Ag₃AsS₃
ⓘ	'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	Stephanite	2.GB.10	Ag₅SbS₄
ⓘ	Pearceite	2.GB.15	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
ⓘ	Polybasite	2.GB.15	[Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
ⓘ	Berthierite	2.HA.20	FeSb₂S₄
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Rock Crystal	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Opal ?	4.DA.10	SiO₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Anatase	4.DD.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Goethite	4.FD.10	Fe³⁺O(OH)
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Rhodochrosite	5.AB.05	MnCO₃
ⓘ	Siderite	5.AB.05	FeCO₃
ⓘ	Ankerite	5.AB.10	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Baryte	7.AD.35	BaSO₄
ⓘ	Alunite	7.BC.10	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
ⓘ	Rozenite	7.CB.15	FeSO₄ · 4H₂O
ⓘ	Jôkokuite	7.CB.20	MnSO₄ · 5H₂O
ⓘ	Melanterite	7.CB.35	Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆(SO₄) · H₂O
ⓘ	Alunogen	7.CB.45	Al₂(SO₄)₃ · 17H₂O
ⓘ	Apjohnite	7.CB.85	Mn²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
ⓘ	Dietrichite	7.CB.85	ZnAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
ⓘ	Halotrichite	7.CB.85	Fe²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
ⓘ	Pickeringite	7.CB.85	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
ⓘ	Kalinite	7.CC.15	KAl(SO₄)₂ · 11H₂O
ⓘ	Copiapite	7.DB.35	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₄(SO₄)₆(OH)₂ · 20H₂O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Vivianite	8.CE.40	Fe²⁺Fe²⁺₂(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Evansite	8.DF.10	Al₃(PO₄)(OH)₆ · 6H₂O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Pigeonite	9.DA.10	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Rhodonite	9.DK.05	CaMn₃Mn[Si₅O₁₅]
ⓘ	Talc	9.EC.05	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	var. Sericite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Kaolinite	9.ED.05	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Unclassified
ⓘ	'K Feldspar var. Adularia'	-	KAlSi₃O₈
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Alunogen	Al₂(SO₄)₃ · 17H₂O
H	ⓘ Apjohnite	Mn²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
H	ⓘ Copiapite	Fe²⁺Fe₄³⁺(SO₄)₆(OH)₂ · 20H₂O
H	ⓘ Dietrichite	ZnAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
H	ⓘ Evansite	Al₃(PO₄)(OH)₆ · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Halotrichite	Fe²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
H	ⓘ Jôkokuite	MnSO₄ · 5H₂O
H	ⓘ Kalinite	KAl(SO₄)₂ · 11H₂O
H	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Melanterite	Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆(SO₄) · H₂O
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Pickeringite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
H	ⓘ Rozenite	FeSO₄ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Vivianite	Fe²⁺Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Rhodochrosite	MnCO₃
C	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
O	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Alunogen	Al₂(SO₄)₃ · 17H₂O
O	ⓘ Anatase	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Apjohnite	Mn²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
O	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Copiapite	Fe²⁺Fe₄³⁺(SO₄)₆(OH)₂ · 20H₂O
O	ⓘ Dietrichite	ZnAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
O	ⓘ Evansite	Al₃(PO₄)(OH)₆ · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Halotrichite	Fe²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Jôkokuite	MnSO₄ · 5H₂O
O	ⓘ Kalinite	KAl(SO₄)₂ · 11H₂O
O	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Melanterite	Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆(SO₄) · H₂O
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Pickeringite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
O	ⓘ Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Rhodochrosite	MnCO₃
O	ⓘ Rhodonite	CaMn₃Mn[Si₅O₁₅]
O	ⓘ Rozenite	FeSO₄ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
O	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Vivianite	Fe²⁺Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Pickeringite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
Al	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Al	ⓘ Alunogen	Al₂(SO₄)₃ · 17H₂O
Al	ⓘ Apjohnite	Mn²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
Al	ⓘ Dietrichite	ZnAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
Al	ⓘ Evansite	Al₃(PO₄)(OH)₆ · 6H₂O
Al	ⓘ Halotrichite	Fe²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
Al	ⓘ Kalinite	KAl(SO₄)₂ · 11H₂O
Al	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Pickeringite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
Si	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Rhodonite	CaMn₃Mn[Si₅O₁₅]
Si	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Evansite	Al₃(PO₄)(OH)₆ · 6H₂O
P	ⓘ Vivianite	Fe²⁺Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Acanthite	Ag₂S
S	ⓘ Alabandite	MnS
S	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Alunogen	Al₂(SO₄)₃ · 17H₂O
S	ⓘ Apjohnite	Mn²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
S	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
S	ⓘ Argyrodite	Ag₈GeS₆
S	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
S	ⓘ Berthierite	FeSb₂S₄
S	ⓘ Canfieldite	Ag₈SnS₆
S	ⓘ Cervelleite	Ag₄TeS
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Copiapite	Fe²⁺Fe₄³⁺(SO₄)₆(OH)₂ · 20H₂O
S	ⓘ Dietrichite	ZnAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Halotrichite	Fe²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
S	ⓘ Imiterite	Ag₂HgS₂
S	ⓘ Jôkokuite	MnSO₄ · 5H₂O
S	ⓘ Kalinite	KAl(SO₄)₂ · 11H₂O
S	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Melanterite	Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆(SO₄) · H₂O
S	ⓘ Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
S	ⓘ Pickeringite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
S	ⓘ Pirquitasite	Ag₂ZnSnS₄
S	ⓘ Polybasite	[Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
S	ⓘ Proustite	Ag₃AsS₃
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Rozenite	FeSO₄ · 4H₂O
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Stephanite	Ag₅SbS₄
S	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
S	ⓘ Uytenbogaardtite	Ag₃AuS₂
S	ⓘ Alburnite	Ag₈GeTe₂S₄
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
K	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
K	ⓘ Kalinite	KAl(SO₄)₂ · 11H₂O
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Rhodonite	CaMn₃Mn[Si₅O₁₅]
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Anatase	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Alabandite	MnS
Mn	ⓘ Apjohnite	Mn²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
Mn	ⓘ Jôkokuite	MnSO₄ · 5H₂O
Mn	ⓘ Rhodochrosite	MnCO₃
Mn	ⓘ Rhodonite	CaMn₃Mn[Si₅O₁₅]
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Fe	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
Fe	ⓘ Berthierite	FeSb₂S₄
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Copiapite	Fe²⁺Fe₄³⁺(SO₄)₆(OH)₂ · 20H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Halotrichite	Fe²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Melanterite	Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆(SO₄) · H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Rozenite	FeSO₄ · 4H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
Fe	ⓘ Vivianite	Fe²⁺Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Cu	ⓘ Polybasite	[Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Cu	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Dietrichite	ZnAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
Zn	ⓘ Pirquitasite	Ag₂ZnSnS₄
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Ge	Germanium
Ge	ⓘ Argyrodite	Ag₈GeS₆
Ge	ⓘ Alburnite	Ag₈GeTe₂S₄
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
As	ⓘ Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
As	ⓘ Proustite	Ag₃AsS₃
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Acanthite	Ag₂S
Ag	ⓘ Argyrodite	Ag₈GeS₆
Ag	ⓘ Canfieldite	Ag₈SnS₆
Ag	ⓘ Cervelleite	Ag₄TeS
Ag	ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Ag	ⓘ Hessite	Ag₂Te
Ag	ⓘ Imiterite	Ag₂HgS₂
Ag	ⓘ Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Ag	ⓘ Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂
Ag	ⓘ Pirquitasite	Ag₂ZnSnS₄
Ag	ⓘ Polybasite	[Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Ag	ⓘ Proustite	Ag₃AsS₃
Ag	ⓘ Stephanite	Ag₅SbS₄
Ag	ⓘ Sylvanite	AgAuTe₄
Ag	ⓘ Uytenbogaardtite	Ag₃AuS₂
Ag	ⓘ Alburnite	Ag₈GeTe₂S₄
Sn	Tin
Sn	ⓘ Canfieldite	Ag₈SnS₆
Sn	ⓘ Pirquitasite	Ag₂ZnSnS₄
Sb	Antimony
Sb	ⓘ Berthierite	FeSb₂S₄
Sb	ⓘ Polybasite	[Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Sb	ⓘ Stephanite	Ag₅SbS₄
Sb	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Te	Tellurium
Te	ⓘ Altaite	PbTe
Te	ⓘ Cervelleite	Ag₄TeS
Te	ⓘ Hessite	Ag₂Te
Te	ⓘ Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂
Te	ⓘ Sylvanite	AgAuTe₄
Te	ⓘ Alburnite	Ag₈GeTe₂S₄
Ba	Barium
Ba	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
Au	Gold
Au	ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Au	ⓘ Native Gold	Au
Au	ⓘ Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂
Au	ⓘ Sylvanite	AgAuTe₄
Au	ⓘ Uytenbogaardtite	Ag₃AuS₂
Hg	Mercury
Hg	ⓘ Imiterite	Ag₂HgS₂
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Altaite	PbTe
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Miocene : 12.78 ± 0.09 Ma to 12.71 ± 0.13 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic Time

Rocks, Minerals and Events

ⓘ Adularia (youngest age)	12.71 ± 0.13 Ma
ⓘ Adularia (oldest age)	12.78 ± 0.09 Ma

Fossils

This region is too big or complex to display the fossil list, try looking at smaller subregions.

Other Databases

Wikipedia:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C8%99ia_Montan%C4%83
Wikidata ID:	Q12148992

Localities in this Region

Romania

Alba County
- Roșia Montană
  - Roşia Montană

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

Carpathian MountainsVolcanic Arc
- Banatitic Magmatic and Metallogenetic BeltMineral Belt

EuropeContinent

Romania

Golden Quadrangle (Golden Quadrilateral; Apuseni District)Mining District

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Thomas, Peter; Körlin, Gabriele; Ciuguian, Horia I. (2024): Die Aurariae Dacicae - mehr als Roşia Montană. Der Anschnitt 76 (5-6), 202-229. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388594084_Die_Aurariae_Dacicae_-_mehr_als_Rosia_Montana(with many LIDAR maps)

Mârza, I., Tămaş, C. G., Ghergari, L. (1997): Low sulfidation epithermal gold deposit from Roşia Montană, Metaliferi Mountains, Romania. St. Cerc. Geol., 42, 3-12.

Tămaş, C. G. (1998): Descriptive breccia types in the Roşia Montană low sulfidation epithermal ore deposit, Apuseni Mountains, Romania. Studia Univ. Babeş-Bolyai, Geologia, XLIII(1), 75-88.

Tămaş, C. G., Bailly, L. (1999): Roşia Montană epithermal ore deposit - evidence from fluid inclusion study. Studia Univ. Babeş-Bolyai, Geologia, XLIV(1), 49-56.

Benea, M., Bailly, L., Tămaş, C. G. (2000): New data concerning Mn bearing minerals from Roşia Montană, Metaliferi Mountains, Romania. Studia Univ. Babeş-Bolyai, Geologia, XLV(1), 67-77.

www.rosiamontana.org (n.d.) http://www.rosiamontana.org

Onac, B. P. et al. (2003): STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLVIII, 1, 29-44. [http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/studia/pdf/2003/Onac.pdf]

al României, I. G. (2003). The 5th Symposium Baia Mare Branch Of The Geological Society Of Romania, pp. 4-5.

www.geologie.uni-halle.de (n.d.) http://www.geologie.uni-halle.de/igw/mingeo/Exkursion/day2109.htm

Manske S, Ullrich T, Reynolds T J, O'Connor G (2004): Vein sets and hydrothermal alteration in the Cetate-Carnic Area, Roșia Montană district, Romania. Rom. J. Miner. Depos. 81, 122-125.

Kouzmanov, Kalin; von Quadt, Albrecht; Peytcheva, Irena; Harris, Caroline; Heinrich, Christoph A.; Rosu, Emilian; O'Connor, Gary. (2005): Rosia Poieni porphyry Cu-Au and Rosia Montana epithermal Au-Ag deposits, Apuseni Mts., Romania: timing of magmatism and related mineralisation. Geokhimiya, Mineralogiya i Petrologiya 43, 113-117.

Wallier, S., Rey, R., Kouzmanov, K., Pettke, T., Heinrich, C. A., Leary, S., O'Connor, G., Tamas, C. G., Vennemann, T., Ullrich, T. (2006) Magmatic Fluids in the Breccia-Hosted Epithermal Au-Ag Deposit of Rosia Montana, Romania. Economic Geology, 101 (5) 923-954 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.101.5.923

www.theglobeandmail.com (n.d.) http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/canadian-miners-should-learn-from-gabriels-missteps/article14941869/

(2015) ROŞIA MONTANĂ, ROMANIA: INDUSTRIAL HERITAGEIN SITU, BETWEEN PRESERVATION, CONTROVERSY AND CULTURAL RECOGNITION. Industrial Archaeology Review, 37 (1) 5-19 doi:10.1179/0309072815z.00000000039

www.strahlen.org (n.d.) http://www.strahlen.org/vp/ro/rosiamontana/

de.wikipedia.org (n.d.) http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C5%9Fia_Montan%C4%83

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