Tsaramanga pegmatite, Mahaiza, Betafo District, Vakinankaratra, Madagascari
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Tsaramanga pegmatite | Pegmatite |
| Mahaiza | Commune |
| Betafo District | District |
| Vakinankaratra | Region |
| Madagascar | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
19° 56' 34'' South , 46° 49' 6'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Betafo | 29,785 (2018) | 12.6km |
| Antsirabe | 186,253 (2018) | 24.0km |
| Soanindrariny | 21,000 (2018) | 43.6km |
| Antanifotsy | 70,626 (2018) | 61.4km |
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Tongafeno pegmatite (Tongafeni; Itongafeno)
Other Languages:
Malagasy:
Tsaramanga, Kaominin'i Mahaiza, Distrikan'i Betafo, Vakinankaratra, Madagasikara
The Tsaramanga or the “Tongafeno” granite pegmatite is hosted in coarse-grained gabbro stock (Gabbro de l’Itsindro intrusive complex of Ambatofinandrahana). It can be classified after Pezzotta (1999) as an LCT beryl columbite subtype pegmatite. Known for blue beryl (Santamaria-type), rose quartz and good crystals of columbites.
Located 1500 m NW of Itongafeno Mt, near the old village of Tsaramanga.
In July 2009, about 300 kg of dark blue aquamarine were extracted from the pegmatite.
Note to the minerallist:
The columbites from Tsaramanga may be a columbite-(Mn), see the discussion on the messageboard at http://www.mindat.org/forum.php?read,106,298421,298493#msg-298493
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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
21 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ 'Aeschynite Group' Formula: AD2O6 References: |
| ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y) Formula: Y(TiNb)O6 Colour: yellowish on outside (alteration) and greenbrownish inside. Description: Descibed as priorite |
| ⓘ 'Almandine-Spessartine Series' References: |
| ⓘ Beryl Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine Formula: Be3Al2Si6O18 References: |
| ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ Bismite Formula: Bi2O3 |
| ⓘ Bismuthinite Formula: Bi2S3 |
| ⓘ Bismutite Formula: (BiO)2CO3 References: |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 References: |
| ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' |
| ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) Formula: Mn2+Nb2O6 References: |
| ⓘ 'Columbite-Tantalite' |
| ⓘ Epidote Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) Formula: (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ Molybdenite Formula: MoS2 |
| ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) Formula: Ce(PO4) References: |
| ⓘ Native Bismuth Formula: Bi |
| ⓘ Pucherite Formula: Bi(VO4) |
| ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup' Formula: A2-mD2X6-wZ1-n |
| ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)' Formula: (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) Habit: {111} dominant with {110} and sometimes also {211} Colour: yellow on outside (alteration) browngreenish inside Description: Described by Lacroix (1912,1922)as blomstrandite. Crystals to 5 cm |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 References: |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 |
| ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile Formula: (Ti,Nb)O2 |
| ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite Formula: (Ti,Ta,Fe)O2 |
| ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) Formula: YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| ⓘ Schorl Formula: NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) References: |
| ⓘ Spessartine Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline' Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite Formula: Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] Description: Cyrtolite mentioned as a associated mineral to "blomstrandite" in Lacroix (1912), but described as malacon later in Lacroix 1922 |
| ⓘ Zircon var. Malacon Formula: Zr(SiO4) |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Native Bismuth | 1.CA.05 | Bi |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Bismuthinite | 2.DB.05 | Bi2S3 |
| ⓘ | Molybdenite | 2.EA.30 | MoS2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Bismite | 4.CB.60 | Bi2O3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz var. Amethyst | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 | |
| ⓘ | var. Rose Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Smoky Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Rutile var. Ilmenorutile | 4.DB.05 | (Ti,Nb)O2 |
| ⓘ | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 | |
| ⓘ | var. Strüverite | 4.DB.05 | (Ti,Ta,Fe)O2 |
| ⓘ | Samarskite-(Y) | 4.DB.25 | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| ⓘ | Columbite-(Mn) | 4.DB.35 | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| ⓘ | Aeschynite-(Y) | 4.DF.05 | Y(TiNb)O6 |
| ⓘ | Euxenite-(Y) | 4.DG.05 | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| ⓘ | 'Aeschynite Group' | 4.DL.05 | AD2O6 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Bismutite | 5.BE.25 | (BiO)2CO3 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Pucherite | 8.AD.40 | Bi(VO4) |
| ⓘ | Monazite-(Ce) | 8.AD.50 | Ce(PO4) |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Spessartine | 9.AD.25 | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | var. Cyrtolite | 9.AD.30 | Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] |
| ⓘ | var. Malacon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Beryl var. Aquamarine | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| ⓘ | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) | |
| ⓘ | Schorl | 9.CK.05 | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)' | - | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Almandine-Spessartine Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Columbite-Tantalite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Pyrochlore Supergroup' | - | A2-mD2X6-wZ1-n |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite | Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y) | Y(TiNb)O6 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| O | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | ⓘ Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile | (Ti,Nb)O2 |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| O | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite | (Ti,Ta,Fe)O2 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite | Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] |
| O | ⓘ Almandine-Spessartine Series | |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| O | ⓘ Zircon var. Malacon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Aeschynite Group | AD2O6 |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Almandine-Spessartine Series | |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite | Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] |
| Si | ⓘ Almandine-Spessartine Series | |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon var. Malacon | Zr(SiO4) |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y) | Y(TiNb)O6 |
| Ti | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile | (Ti,Nb)O2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite | (Ti,Ta,Fe)O2 |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | ⓘ Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Almandine-Spessartine Series | |
| Mn | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite | (Ti,Ta,Fe)O2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Almandine-Spessartine Series | |
| Fe | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Y | Yttrium | |
| Y | ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y) | Y(TiNb)O6 |
| Y | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Y | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite | Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon var. Malacon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y) | Y(TiNb)O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Nb | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile | (Ti,Nb)O2 |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| Ce | Cerium | |
| Ce | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ce | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| Ta | Tantalum | |
| Ta | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Ta | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite | (Ti,Ta,Fe)O2 |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Native Bismuth | Bi |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| Th | Thorium | |
| Th | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| U | Uranium | |
| U | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| U | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
AfricaContinent
African Plate
- Antenanarivo BlockOrogenic Belt
Madagascar
- Ankaratra Volcanic RangeVolcanic Range
- ⭔Antananarivo ProvinceProvince
Somali PlateTectonic Plate
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References
Lacroix, Alfred (1912) Sur un groupe de niobotantalates cubiques radioactifs des pegmatites du Vakinankaratra. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 35 (2) 84-92 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1912.3498on "blomstrandite" = betafite
Ungemach, Henri (1916) Contribution à la Minéralogie de Madagascar. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 39 (1) 5-38 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1916.3635on tourmaline and microcline from Tsaramanga
Nivomalala, Rakotoarisoa (2003) Contribution á l' etude monographique des gites pegmatitiques de la region de Betafo-Antsirabe. Interpretation structurale d' images Landsat [Contribution to the monographic study of pegmatitic deposits in the Betafo-Antsirabe region. Structural interpretation of Landsat images]. Diplôme d’Ingénieur des MINES, Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique. 86 pp.
Hyrsl, Jaroslav, Danet, Fabrice (2005) Bismuthinite inclusions in rose quartz from Madagascar. Gems & Gemology, 41 (2) 181-182 doi:10.5741/gems.41.2.176
Tsaramanga pegmatite, Mahaiza, Betafo District, Vakinankaratra, Madagascar