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Noumas I pegmatite (Blesberg), Steinkopf, Nama Khoi Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africai
Regional Level Types
Noumas I pegmatite (Blesberg)Pegmatite
SteinkopfTown
Nama Khoi Local MunicipalityMunicipality
Namakwa District MunicipalityDistrict Municipality
Northern CapeProvince
South AfricaCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
28° 58' 27'' South , 17° 43' 35'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
-28.97417,17.72639
GRN:
S20E11
Type:
Pegmatite - last checked 2005
Köppen climate type:
BWh : Hot deserts climate
Mindat Locality ID:
305671
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:305671:7
GUID (UUID V4):
0


Half way between Steinkopf and Vioolsdrif, approximately 10 km west of the main road. The pegmatite is elongated and dyke-like and is discordantly emplaced in granodioritic grey gneiss. The pegmatite length is 1,100 m and the width varies between 10 and 45 m

First mined in 1925 for bismuth and mica (Schutte, 1972)
LCT pegmatite
The Noumas I pegmatite is the largest known heterogeneous and mineralized pegmatite of the Orange River belt with a length of ~500 m, a width between 10 and 40 m and a height of exposure of ~140 m. Its exploitation began in 1925 for Bi, and subsequently the body was mined for beryl and CGM as well as spodumene, feldspar and mica.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


17 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded


Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
References:
Von Backstroem, JW (1973) Pegmatite deposits in the Republic of South Africa. Atomic Energy Board, Pelindaba, Pretoria (South Africa)
Baldwin, Joy Rosina (1994) Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa. PhD Doctor of Philosophy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland. 314pp.
Ballouard, Christophe; Elburg, Marlina A.; Tappe, Sebastian; Reinke, Christian; Ueckermann, Henriette; Doggart, Shane (2020) Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of rare metal pegmatites from the Mesoproterozoic Orange River pegmatite belt (Namaqualand, South Africa). Ore Geology Reviews, 116. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103252
Cui, Shiyuan, Xu, Bo, Shen, Jiaqi, Miao, Zhuang, Wang, Zixuan (2023) Gemology, Spectroscopy, and Mineralogy Study of Aquamarines of Three Different Origins. Crystals, 13 (10) doi:10.3390/cryst13101478
ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Amblygonite
Formula: LiAl(PO4)F
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ Beryl
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
References:
Von Backstroem, JW (1973) Pegmatite deposits in the Republic of South Africa. Atomic Energy Board, Pelindaba, Pretoria (South Africa)
Baldwin, Joy Rosina (1994) Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa. PhD Doctor of Philosophy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland. 314pp.
Gauert C, MacDonald N, Roelofse F (2014) Mineralogical and fluid inclusion characteristics of the spodumene-bearing Noumas I pegmatite, Northern Cape, South Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 266
Ballouard, Christophe; Elburg, Marlina A.; Tappe, Sebastian; Reinke, Christian; Ueckermann, Henriette; Doggart, Shane (2020) Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of rare metal pegmatites from the Mesoproterozoic Orange River pegmatite belt (Namaqualand, South Africa). Ore Geology Reviews, 116. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103252
Cui, Shiyuan, Xu, Bo, Shen, Jiaqi, Miao, Zhuang, Wang, Zixuan (2023) Gemology, Spectroscopy, and Mineralogy Study of Aquamarines of Three Different Origins. Crystals, 13 (10) doi:10.3390/cryst13101478
ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Bismuthinite
Formula: Bi2S3
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'
ⓘ 'Columbite-Tantalite'
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
References:
Von Backstroem, JW (1973) Pegmatite deposits in the Republic of South Africa. Atomic Energy Board, Pelindaba, Pretoria (South Africa)
Baldwin, Joy Rosina (1994) Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa. PhD Doctor of Philosophy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland. 314pp.
Gauert C, MacDonald N, Roelofse F (2014) Mineralogical and fluid inclusion characteristics of the spodumene-bearing Noumas I pegmatite, Northern Cape, South Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 266
Ballouard, Christophe; Elburg, Marlina A.; Tappe, Sebastian; Reinke, Christian; Ueckermann, Henriette; Doggart, Shane (2020) Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of rare metal pegmatites from the Mesoproterozoic Orange River pegmatite belt (Namaqualand, South Africa). Ore Geology Reviews, 116. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103252
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
References:
Von Backstroem, JW (1973) Pegmatite deposits in the Republic of South Africa. Atomic Energy Board, Pelindaba, Pretoria (South Africa)
Baldwin, Joy Rosina (1994) Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa. PhD Doctor of Philosophy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland. 314pp.
Gauert C, MacDonald N, Roelofse F (2014) Mineralogical and fluid inclusion characteristics of the spodumene-bearing Noumas I pegmatite, Northern Cape, South Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 266
Ballouard, Christophe; Elburg, Marlina A.; Tappe, Sebastian; Reinke, Christian; Ueckermann, Henriette; Doggart, Shane (2020) Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of rare metal pegmatites from the Mesoproterozoic Orange River pegmatite belt (Namaqualand, South Africa). Ore Geology Reviews, 116. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103252
ⓘ 'Gummite'
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ 'Lepidolite'
ⓘ Lithiophilite
Formula: LiMn2+PO4
ⓘ 'Mica Group'
ⓘ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
References:
Von Backstroem, JW (1973) Pegmatite deposits in the Republic of South Africa. Atomic Energy Board, Pelindaba, Pretoria (South Africa)
Baldwin, Joy Rosina (1994) Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa. PhD Doctor of Philosophy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland. 314pp.
Ballouard, Christophe; Elburg, Marlina A.; Tappe, Sebastian; Reinke, Christian; Ueckermann, Henriette; Doggart, Shane (2020) Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of rare metal pegmatites from the Mesoproterozoic Orange River pegmatite belt (Namaqualand, South Africa). Ore Geology Reviews, 116. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103252
Cui, Shiyuan, Xu, Bo, Shen, Jiaqi, Miao, Zhuang, Wang, Zixuan (2023) Gemology, Spectroscopy, and Mineralogy Study of Aquamarines of Three Different Origins. Crystals, 13 (10) doi:10.3390/cryst13101478
ⓘ 'Microlite Group'
Formula: A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
ⓘ 'Monazite Group'
Formula: REE(PO4)
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
References:
Von Backstroem, JW (1973) Pegmatite deposits in the Republic of South Africa. Atomic Energy Board, Pelindaba, Pretoria (South Africa)
Baldwin, Joy Rosina (1994) Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa. PhD Doctor of Philosophy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland. 314pp.
Ballouard, Christophe; Elburg, Marlina A.; Tappe, Sebastian; Reinke, Christian; Ueckermann, Henriette; Doggart, Shane (2020) Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of rare metal pegmatites from the Mesoproterozoic Orange River pegmatite belt (Namaqualand, South Africa). Ore Geology Reviews, 116. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103252
Cui, Shiyuan, Xu, Bo, Shen, Jiaqi, Miao, Zhuang, Wang, Zixuan (2023) Gemology, Spectroscopy, and Mineralogy Study of Aquamarines of Three Different Origins. Crystals, 13 (10) doi:10.3390/cryst13101478
ⓘ Petalite
Formula: LiAl(Si4O10)
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
References:
Von Backstroem, JW (1973) Pegmatite deposits in the Republic of South Africa. Atomic Energy Board, Pelindaba, Pretoria (South Africa)
Baldwin, Joy Rosina (1994) Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa. PhD Doctor of Philosophy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland. 314pp.
Ballouard, Christophe; Elburg, Marlina A.; Tappe, Sebastian; Reinke, Christian; Ueckermann, Henriette; Doggart, Shane (2020) Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of rare metal pegmatites from the Mesoproterozoic Orange River pegmatite belt (Namaqualand, South Africa). Ore Geology Reviews, 116. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103252
Cui, Shiyuan, Xu, Bo, Shen, Jiaqi, Miao, Zhuang, Wang, Zixuan (2023) Gemology, Spectroscopy, and Mineralogy Study of Aquamarines of Three Different Origins. Crystals, 13 (10) doi:10.3390/cryst13101478
ⓘ Plumbogummite
Formula: PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
References:
Von Backstroem, JW (1973) Pegmatite deposits in the Republic of South Africa. Atomic Energy Board, Pelindaba, Pretoria (South Africa)
Baldwin, Joy Rosina (1994) Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa. PhD Doctor of Philosophy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland. 314pp.
Gauert C, MacDonald N, Roelofse F (2014) Mineralogical and fluid inclusion characteristics of the spodumene-bearing Noumas I pegmatite, Northern Cape, South Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 266
Ballouard, Christophe; Elburg, Marlina A.; Tappe, Sebastian; Reinke, Christian; Ueckermann, Henriette; Doggart, Shane (2020) Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of rare metal pegmatites from the Mesoproterozoic Orange River pegmatite belt (Namaqualand, South Africa). Ore Geology Reviews, 116. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103252
Cui, Shiyuan, Xu, Bo, Shen, Jiaqi, Miao, Zhuang, Wang, Zixuan (2023) Gemology, Spectroscopy, and Mineralogy Study of Aquamarines of Three Different Origins. Crystals, 13 (10) doi:10.3390/cryst13101478
ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Spodumene
Formula: LiAlSi2O6
References:
Von Backstroem, JW (1973) Pegmatite deposits in the Republic of South Africa. Atomic Energy Board, Pelindaba, Pretoria (South Africa)
Baldwin, Joy Rosina (1994) Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa. PhD Doctor of Philosophy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland. 314pp.
Gauert C, MacDonald N, Roelofse F (2014) Mineralogical and fluid inclusion characteristics of the spodumene-bearing Noumas I pegmatite, Northern Cape, South Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 266
Ballouard, Christophe; Elburg, Marlina A.; Tappe, Sebastian; Reinke, Christian; Ueckermann, Henriette; Doggart, Shane (2020) Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of rare metal pegmatites from the Mesoproterozoic Orange River pegmatite belt (Namaqualand, South Africa). Ore Geology Reviews, 116. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103252
ⓘ 'Tantalite'
Formula: (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
ⓘ Thorite
Formula: Th(SiO4)
ⓘ Thorite var. Orangite
Formula: Th(SiO4)
ⓘ Torbernite
Formula: Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
ⓘ Triplite
Formula: Mn2+2(PO4)F
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘBismuthinite2.DB.05Bi2S3
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ'Microlite Group'4.00.A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Smoky Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘLithiophilite8.AB.10LiMn2+PO4
ⓘAmblygonite8.BB.05LiAl(PO4)F
ⓘTriplite8.BB.10Mn2+2(PO4)F
ⓘPlumbogummite8.BL.10PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
ⓘTorbernite8.EB.05Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘThorite
var. Orangite		9.AD.30Th(SiO4)
ⓘ9.AD.30Th(SiO4)
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘBeryl
var. Aquamarine		9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘ9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘSpodumene9.DA.30LiAlSi2O6
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘPetalite9.EF.05LiAl(Si4O10)
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘvar. Cleavelandite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Gummite'-
ⓘ'Lepidolite'-
ⓘ'Monazite Group'-REE(PO4)
ⓘ'Tantalite'-(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
ⓘ'Feldspar Group
var. Perthite'		-
ⓘ'Mica Group'-
ⓘ'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ'Columbite-Tantalite'-
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ PlumbogummitePbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Hⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
LiLithium
Liⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Liⓘ LithiophiliteLiMn2+PO4
Liⓘ PetaliteLiAl(Si4O10)
Liⓘ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
BeBeryllium
Beⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
OOxygen
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ LithiophiliteLiMn2+PO4
Oⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Thorite var. OrangiteTh(SiO4)
Oⓘ PetaliteLiAl(Si4O10)
Oⓘ PlumbogummitePbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ Quartz var. Smoky QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Oⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Oⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Oⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Oⓘ TripliteMn22+(PO4)F
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
FFluorine
Fⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ TripliteMn22+(PO4)F
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Alⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ PetaliteLiAl(Si4O10)
Alⓘ PlumbogummitePbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Alⓘ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Alⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Siⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Thorite var. OrangiteTh(SiO4)
Siⓘ PetaliteLiAl(Si4O10)
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Quartz var. Smoky QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Siⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Pⓘ LithiophiliteLiMn2+PO4
Pⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Pⓘ PlumbogummitePbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Pⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Pⓘ TripliteMn22+(PO4)F
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ BismuthiniteBi2S3
ClChlorine
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
MnManganese
Mnⓘ LithiophiliteLiMn2+PO4
Mnⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Mnⓘ TripliteMn22+(PO4)F
Mnⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
FeIron
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Feⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
CuCopper
Cuⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Nbⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
TaTantalum
Taⓘ Microlite GroupA2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
Taⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
PbLead
Pbⓘ PlumbogummitePbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
BiBismuth
Biⓘ BismuthiniteBi2S3
ThThorium
Thⓘ Thorite var. OrangiteTh(SiO4)
Thⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
UUranium
Uⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AfricaContinent
African PlateTectonic Plate
Southern Africa

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References

Baldwin, Joy Rosina (1994) Lithium and tantalum mineralization in rare-element pegmatites from southern Africa. PhD Doctor of Philosophy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland. 314pp.
(1994)
(2005)
[1]Ballouard, Christophe; Elburg, Marlina A.; Tappe, Sebastian; Reinke, Christian; Ueckermann, Henriette; Doggart, Shane (2020) Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of rare metal pegmatites from the Mesoproterozoic Orange River pegmatite belt (Namaqualand, South Africa). Ore Geology Reviews, 116. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103252
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