Camp, V. E., Roobol, M. J., & Hooper, P. R. (1991). The Arabian continental alkali basalt province: Part II. Evolution of Harrats Khaybar, Ithnayn, and Kura, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 103(3), 363-391.

Köppen climate type:

BWh : Hot deserts climate

Mindat Locality ID:

341881

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:341881:2

GUID (UUID V4):

3 coalescing basaltic lava fields occupy over 20000km² and is considered to be the most extensive volcanic field in Saudi Arabia (Camp et al. 1991).
46 shield volcanoes, 327 scoria cones and a number of lava domes have been identified (Robool & Camp 1991). with a single stratovolcano - Jabal Qidr (2022m).

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

14 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

ⓘ Comenditic rhyolite

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aegirine

Formula: NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

Roobol, M. J., & Camp, V. E. (1991). Geological map of the Cenozoic lava fields of Harrats Khayba. Ithnayen and Kurs, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 1:250000 Geoscience Map GM-131 (and Explanatory Notes), Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Directorate General of Mineral Resources of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jeddah.

ⓘ Aegirine-augite

Formula: (Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ Aenigmatite

Formula: Na₄[Fe²⁺₁₀Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase

Formula: (Na,K)AlSi₃O₈

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ Fayalite

Formula: Fe²⁺₂SiO₄

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ Hedenbergite

Formula: CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ Hedenbergite var. Ferrosalite

Formula: CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ Katophorite

Formula: {Na}{CaNa}{Mg₄Al}[(AlSi₇)O₂₂](OH)₂

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ Nepheline

Formula: Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ Nosean

Formula: Na₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄) · H₂O

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'

Formula: ADSi₂O₆

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ Riebeckite

Formula: ◻[Na₂][Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ Sanidine

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

References:

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Fayalite	9.AC.05	Fe²⁺₂SiO₄
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Hedenbergite	9.DA.15	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
ⓘ	var. Ferrosalite	9.DA.15	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Aegirine-augite	9.DA.20	(Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Aegirine	9.DA.25	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Katophorite	9.DE.20	{Na}{CaNa}{Mg₄Al}[(AlSi₇)O₂₂](OH)₂
ⓘ	Riebeckite	9.DE.25	◻[Na₂][Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Aenigmatite	9.DH.40	Na₄[Fe²⁺₁₀Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
ⓘ	Nepheline	9.FA.05	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
ⓘ	Sanidine	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Albite var. Anorthoclase	9.FA.35	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
ⓘ	Nosean	9.FB.10	Na₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄) · H₂O
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Alkali Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group'	-
ⓘ	'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Pyroxene Group'	-	ADSi₂O₆
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Nosean	Na₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄) · H₂O
H	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻[Na₂][Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Katophorite	{Na}{CaNa}{Mg₄Al}[(AlSi₇)O₂₂](OH)₂
H	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
O	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Fayalite	Fe₂²⁺SiO₄
O	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
O	ⓘ Nosean	Na₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄) · H₂O
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻[Na₂][Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Katophorite	{Na}{CaNa}{Mg₄Al}[(AlSi₇)O₂₂](OH)₂
O	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
O	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
O	ⓘ Hedenbergite var. Ferrosalite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Na	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Na	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Na	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
Na	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Na	ⓘ Nosean	Na₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄) · H₂O
Na	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻[Na₂][Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Katophorite	{Na}{CaNa}{Mg₄Al}[(AlSi₇)O₂₂](OH)₂
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Katophorite	{Na}{CaNa}{Mg₄Al}[(AlSi₇)O₂₂](OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Al	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
Al	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Al	ⓘ Nosean	Na₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄) · H₂O
Al	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Katophorite	{Na}{CaNa}{Mg₄Al}[(AlSi₇)O₂₂](OH)₂
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Si	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
Si	ⓘ Fayalite	Fe₂²⁺SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Si	ⓘ Nosean	Na₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄) · H₂O
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻[Na₂][Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Katophorite	{Na}{CaNa}{Mg₄Al}[(AlSi₇)O₂₂](OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Si	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Hedenbergite var. Ferrosalite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Nosean	Na₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄) · H₂O
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
K	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
K	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Katophorite	{Na}{CaNa}{Mg₄Al}[(AlSi₇)O₂₂](OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ca	ⓘ Hedenbergite var. Ferrosalite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Fe	ⓘ Fayalite	Fe₂²⁺SiO₄
Fe	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻[Na₂][Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Fe	ⓘ Hedenbergite var. Ferrosalite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Arabian PeninsulaPeninsula

Arabian PlateTectonic Plate

Arabian-Nubian ShieldShield
- Al Madinah TerraneVolcanic Arc
- Arabian ShieldShield

AsiaContinent

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References

Baker, P. E., Brosset, R., Gass, I. G., & Neary, C. R. (1973). Jebel al Abyad: a recent alkalic volcanic complex in western Saudi Arabia. Lithos, 6(3), 291-314.

Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4p.193

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Harrats Khaybar, Medina Region, Saudi ArabiaiRegional Level TypesHarrats KhaybarVolcanic Field Medina RegionRegion Saudi ArabiaCountry function showexplain() { $("#locexplain").toggle(); if (typeof movemap === "function") movemap(); }

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Mineral List

Rock Types Recorded

Select Rock List Type

Detailed Mineral List:

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

List of minerals for each chemical element

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

References

Harrats Khaybar, Medina Region, Saudi Arabia i
Regional Level Types
Harrats Khaybar Volcanic Field
Medina Region Region
Saudi Arabia Country