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Wocan I, Wocan Hydrothermal Field, Carlsberg Ridge, Indian Oceani
Regional Level Types
Wocan IHydrothermal Vent
Wocan Hydrothermal FieldGroup of Hydrothermal Vents
Carlsberg RidgeMid-Ocean Ridge
Indian OceanOcean

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
6° 41' 48'' North , 60° 31' 36'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
6.69667,60.52667
GeoHash:
G#: t35n1744v
GRN:
N05E42
Type:
Hydrothermal Vent
Mindat Locality ID:
345102
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:345102:4
GUID (UUID V4):
0


The Wocan-1 covers an area of 420 m x 320 m, and is at a water depth of 2970–2990 m.

The sulfide mound is ∼ 260 m in diameter and ∼ 50 m in height. The southern area of the mound is enriched in high-temperature Cu-rich sulfides, while the northern area is characterized by moderate-temperature Fe-rich sulfides and a talus of pyrite-anhydrite breccias and sands extending for > 200 m. The pyrite here exhibits recrystallization textures characterized by heavier δ34S compositions when compared to that in the southern area. It is considered that the normal faults extending into the northern area of the mound and the associated mass wasting facilitated the infiltration of seawater, which is responsible for the regional difference in mineralization of the mound.

Four Fe(−Si) (oxyhydr)oxides underwent two different formation pathways. Fe-Si (oxyhydr)oxide is the direct precipitation from low-temperature hydrothermal fluid. Instead, three Fe (oxyhydr)oxides are the oxidation products of preexisting pyrite and marcasite under circumneutral seawater. Thin Fe (oxyhydr)oxide represents the local oxidation of euhedral pyrite in the early stage. Pseudomorphic Fe (oxyhydr)oxide represents the residual skeleton of completely oxidized euhedral marcasite, and is a mixture of poorly crystalline Fe (oxyhydr)oxides and sulfates. Filamentous Fe (oxyhydr)oxide arises from the non-uniform oxidation of subhedral pyrite-marcasite, and is enriched in trace metals due to its high surface area and adsorption properties.

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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

19 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

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Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Anhydrite
Formula: CaSO4
ⓘ Atacamite
Formula: Cu2(OH)3Cl
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Covellite
Formula: CuS
ⓘ Digenite
Formula: Cu9S5
ⓘ Ferrihydrite
Formula: Fe3+10O14(OH)2
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Lepidocrocite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ 'Limonite'
ⓘ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Natrojarosite
Formula: NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘ Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘ Opal var. Opal-CT
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Schwertmannite
Formula: Fe3+16(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘDigenite2.BA.10Cu9S5
ⓘBornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
ⓘCovellite2.CA.05aCuS
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘMarcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘAtacamite3.DA.10aCu2(OH)3Cl
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘOpal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘvar. Opal-CT4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘLepidocrocite4.FE.15Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘFerrihydrite4.FE.35Fe3+10O14(OH)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘAnhydrite7.AD.30CaSO4
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘNatrojarosite7.BC.10NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘSchwertmannite7.DE.15Fe3+16(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
Unclassified
ⓘ'Limonite'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Hⓘ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Hⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Hⓘ SchwertmanniteFe163+(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
Hⓘ Opal var. Opal-CTSiO2 · nH2O
OOxygen
Oⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Oⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Oⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Oⓘ SchwertmanniteFe163+(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
Oⓘ Opal var. Opal-CTSiO2 · nH2O
NaSodium
Naⓘ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
SiSilicon
Siⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Siⓘ Opal var. Opal-CTSiO2 · nH2O
SSulfur
Sⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ CovelliteCuS
Sⓘ DigeniteCu9S5
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Sⓘ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ SchwertmanniteFe163+(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
ClChlorine
Clⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
CaCalcium
Caⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
FeIron
Feⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Feⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Feⓘ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ SchwertmanniteFe163+(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
CuCopper
Cuⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Cuⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ CovelliteCuS
Cuⓘ DigeniteCu9S5
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS

Localities in this Region

Indian Ocean

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Indian Plate (India Plate)Tectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Wang, Yejian; Han, Xiqiu; Petersen, Sven; Frische, Matthias; Qiu, Zhongyan; Li, Huaiming; Li, Honglin; Wu, Zhaocai; Cui, Ruyong (2017) Mineralogy and trace element geochemistry of sulfide minerals from the Wocan Hydrothermal Field on the slow-spreading Carlsberg Ridge, Indian Ocean. Ore Geology Reviews, 84. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.12.020
Popoola, Samuel Olatunde, Xiqiu Han, Yejian Wang, Zhongyan Qiu, Ying Ye, and Yiyang Cai. (2019) "Mineralogical and Geochemical Signatures of Metalliferous Sediments in Wocan-1 and Wocan-2 Hydrothermal Sites on the Carlsberg Ridge, Indian Ocean" Minerals 9, no. 1: 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9010026
[1]Cai, Yiyang, Han, Xiqiu, Petersen, Sven, Wang, Yejian, Qiu, Zhongyan, Yang, Ming (2024) Mineralization of sulfide mound at Wocan-1 hydrothermal field based on geological mapping, mineralogy and sulfur isotope studies, Carlsberg Ridge, Northwest Indian Ocean. Ore Geology Reviews, 171. 106180 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106180
[2]Hou, Xiaofan, Han, Xiqiu, Hu, Xinkai, Liu, Jiqiang (2024) Formation mechanism of Fe oxyhydroxides and behavior of metals during the oxidation of submarine sulfides at the Wocan-1 hydrothermal field, Carlsberg Ridge. Ore Geology Reviews, 174. 106307 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106307
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