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Carlsberg Ridge, Indian Oceani
Regional Level Types
Carlsberg RidgeMid-Ocean Ridge
Indian OceanOcean

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Type:
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Mindat Locality ID:
345099
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:345099:7
GUID (UUID V4):
0


Slow spreading ridge that separates the Indian and Somalia tectonic plates.


Wang et.al. state that "[t]hree distinctive segment morphotypes have been identified on the CR [Carlsberg Ridge]...:
(1) symmetric segments with a shallow axial valley and smooth axial plateau; (2) symmetric segments with steep axial valley walls and a hummocky axial volcanic ridge (AVR); and
(3) segments with deep axial valley walls, often with an asymmetric flank massif."

Carlsberg Ridge located at the northwest end of Indian Ridge, initiates at Owen Fracture Zone near 10 °N and extends to Central Indian Ridge near the equator. It is a typical slow-spreading ridge with half spreading rates of 11–16 mm/yr. It formed in Cenozoic, when the Seychelles microcontinent separated from the Indian Block around 65 Ma ago. Carlsberg Ridge is divided into five segments by four major fracture zones: Li-Siguang, Cho-Kochen, Xu-Xiake, and Bao-Chuan. It has a NW-SE trend initially, but it rotates to nearly N-S trend near the equator. Carlsberg Ridge is characterized by rugged topography, steep inner valley walls and wide rift valley floor). Since 2012, four hydrothermal fields, including Tianxiu, Wocan-1, Wocan-2, and Daxi, have been discovered in this area.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

30 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded


Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Anhydrite
Formula: CaSO4
ⓘ Atacamite
Formula: Cu2(OH)3Cl
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
ⓘ Clinochlore
Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘ Covellite
Formula: CuS
ⓘ Digenite
Formula: Cu9S5
ⓘ Ferrihydrite
Formula: Fe3+10O14(OH)2
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Isocubanite
Formula: CuFe2S3
ⓘ Lepidocrocite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ 'Limonite'
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Natrojarosite
Formula: NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘ 'Olivine Group'
Formula: M2SiO4
ⓘ Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Opal var. Opal-A
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘ Opal var. Opal-CT
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Schwertmannite
Formula: Fe3+16(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'
Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4
ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup var. Bastite'
Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
ⓘ Spinel
Formula: MgAl2O4
ⓘ Talc
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘ Vermiculite
Formula: Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘDigenite2.BA.10Cu9S5
ⓘBornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
ⓘCovellite2.CA.05aCuS
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘIsocubanite2.CB.55bCuFe2S3
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘMarcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘAtacamite3.DA.10aCu2(OH)3Cl
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘSpinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘOpal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘvar. Opal-CT4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘvar. Opal-A4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘLepidocrocite4.FE.15Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘFerrihydrite4.FE.35Fe3+10O14(OH)2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘAnhydrite7.AD.30CaSO4
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘNatrojarosite7.BC.10NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘSchwertmannite7.DE.15Fe3+16(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘTalc9.EC.05Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘVermiculite9.EC.50Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
ⓘClinochlore9.EC.55Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Unclassified
ⓘ'Limonite'-
ⓘ'Serpentine Subgroup
var. Bastite'		-D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Serpentine Subgroup'-D3[Si2O5](OH)4
ⓘ'Olivine Group'-M2SiO4

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Hⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Hⓘ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Hⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Hⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Hⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. BastiteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Hⓘ SchwertmanniteFe163+(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
Hⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Hⓘ Opal var. Opal-CTSiO2 · nH2O
Hⓘ Opal var. Opal-ASiO2 · nH2O
CCarbon
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Oⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Oⓘ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Oⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Oⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Oⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Oⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. BastiteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Oⓘ SchwertmanniteFe163+(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
Oⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Oⓘ Olivine GroupM2SiO4
Oⓘ Opal var. Opal-CTSiO2 · nH2O
Oⓘ Opal var. Opal-ASiO2 · nH2O
NaSodium
Naⓘ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Mgⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Mgⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Mgⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. BastiteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
AlAluminium
Alⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Alⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Alⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. BastiteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
SiSilicon
Siⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Siⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Siⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. BastiteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Siⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Siⓘ Olivine GroupM2SiO4
Siⓘ Opal var. Opal-CTSiO2 · nH2O
Siⓘ Opal var. Opal-ASiO2 · nH2O
SSulfur
Sⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ CovelliteCuS
Sⓘ DigeniteCu9S5
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ IsocubaniteCuFe2S3
Sⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Sⓘ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ SchwertmanniteFe163+(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
ClChlorine
Clⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
KPotassium
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
MnManganese
Mnⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. BastiteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
FeIron
Feⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Feⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ IsocubaniteCuFe2S3
Feⓘ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Feⓘ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Feⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. BastiteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Feⓘ SchwertmanniteFe163+(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
NiNickel
Niⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. BastiteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
CuCopper
Cuⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Cuⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ CovelliteCuS
Cuⓘ DigeniteCu9S5
Cuⓘ IsocubaniteCuFe2S3
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Znⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. BastiteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS

Localities in this Region

Indian Ocean
Indian Ocean

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Karisiddaiah, S. M. (1985) Mineralogy and Chemistry of Manganese Nodules from the Southern Part of Carlsberg Ridge. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 26 (6). 402-406
Banerjee, R., Iyer, S. D. (1991) Petrography and Chemistry of Basalts from the Carlsberg Ridge. Journal Geological Society of India, 38 (4). 369-386 doi:10.17491/jgsi/1991/380403
Banerjee, R.; Iyer, S. D. (1993) A Note on Sulphide-Oxide Mineralisation in Carlsberg Ridge Basalts. Journal Geological Society of India, 42 (6). 579-584 doi:10.17491/jgsi/1993/420606
[1]Wang, Yejian; Han, Xiqiu; Petersen, Sven; Frische, Matthias; Qiu, Zhongyan; Li, Huaiming; Li, Honglin; Wu, Zhaocai; Cui, Ruyong (2017) Mineralogy and trace element geochemistry of sulfide minerals from the Wocan Hydrothermal Field on the slow-spreading Carlsberg Ridge, Indian Ocean. Ore Geology Reviews, 84. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.12.020
He, H., Wang, Y., Han, X., Wei, Y., Lin, P., Qiu, Z., Wang, Y. (2019) Hydrographic survey over the Carlsberg Ridge in May 2012. Ocean Science Discussions.
[2]Hou, Xiaofan, Han, Xiqiu, Hu, Xinkai, Liu, Jiqiang (2024) Formation mechanism of Fe oxyhydroxides and behavior of metals during the oxidation of submarine sulfides at the Wocan-1 hydrothermal field, Carlsberg Ridge. Ore Geology Reviews, 174. 106307 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106307
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