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Kisingiri Volcano, Homa Bay County, Kenyai
Regional Level Types
Kisingiri VolcanoVolcano
Homa Bay CountyCounty
KenyaCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
0° 34' 0'' South , 34° 8' 59'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
-0.56667,34.15000
GRN:
S01E24
Type:
Volcano
Age:
38 to 17.5 Ma
Geologic Time:
Cenozoic
Dating method:
K-Ar
Reference for age:
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Köppen climate type:
Am : Tropical monsoon climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Homa Bay40,319 (2013)34.4km
Migori35,240 (2016)65.9km
Mindat Locality ID:
406904
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:406904:4
GUID (UUID V4):
0


Extensive volcano with central caldera - Rangwa, the lavas extend far eastwards with the more peripheral lavas of the western flank concealed beneath the waters of Lake Victoria. The volcano is built of gently dipping nephelinitic and melilitic lavas and agglomerates deep erosion of which has revealed a succession over 1000 m thick that rests on a domed Pre-cambrian basement (McCall 1958; Le Bas 1977).

Residual soils have been investigated for apatite, but generally contain < 3%.

Coordinates are given for central caldera Rangwa.

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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

15 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

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Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘ Aegirine-augite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
References:
Deines, P, Gold, D.P (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37 (7) 1709-1733 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214
Rubie, David C. (1982) Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15 (2) 99-109 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2
Rubie, D. C., Gunter, W. D. (1983) The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82 (2) 165-175 doi:10.1007/bf01166611
DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479
Bestland, Erick A., Thackray, Glenn D., Retallack, Gregory J. (1995) Cycles of Doming and Eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103 (5) 598-607 doi:10.1086/629779
BESTLAND, ERICK A., KRULL, EVELYN S. (1999) Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156 (5) 965-976 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
References:
Deines, P, Gold, D.P (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37 (7) 1709-1733 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214
Rubie, David C. (1982) Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15 (2) 99-109 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2
Rubie, D. C., Gunter, W. D. (1983) The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82 (2) 165-175 doi:10.1007/bf01166611
DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479
Bestland, Erick A., Thackray, Glenn D., Retallack, Gregory J. (1995) Cycles of Doming and Eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103 (5) 598-607 doi:10.1086/629779
BESTLAND, ERICK A., KRULL, EVELYN S. (1999) Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156 (5) 965-976 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965
ⓘ Albite var. Andesine
Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
References:
Deines, P, Gold, D.P (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37 (7) 1709-1733 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214
Rubie, David C. (1982) Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15 (2) 99-109 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2
Rubie, D. C., Gunter, W. D. (1983) The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82 (2) 165-175 doi:10.1007/bf01166611
DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479
Bestland, Erick A., Thackray, Glenn D., Retallack, Gregory J. (1995) Cycles of Doming and Eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103 (5) 598-607 doi:10.1086/629779
BESTLAND, ERICK A., KRULL, EVELYN S. (1999) Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156 (5) 965-976 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965
ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase
Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
References:
Deines, P, Gold, D.P (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37 (7) 1709-1733 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214
Rubie, David C. (1982) Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15 (2) 99-109 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2
Rubie, D. C., Gunter, W. D. (1983) The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82 (2) 165-175 doi:10.1007/bf01166611
DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479
Bestland, Erick A., Thackray, Glenn D., Retallack, Gregory J. (1995) Cycles of Doming and Eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103 (5) 598-607 doi:10.1086/629779
BESTLAND, ERICK A., KRULL, EVELYN S. (1999) Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156 (5) 965-976 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
References:
Deines, P, Gold, D.P (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37 (7) 1709-1733 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214
Rubie, David C. (1982) Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15 (2) 99-109 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2
Rubie, D. C., Gunter, W. D. (1983) The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82 (2) 165-175 doi:10.1007/bf01166611
DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479
Bestland, Erick A., Thackray, Glenn D., Retallack, Gregory J. (1995) Cycles of Doming and Eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103 (5) 598-607 doi:10.1086/629779
BESTLAND, ERICK A., KRULL, EVELYN S. (1999) Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156 (5) 965-976 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965
ⓘ Analcime
Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ 'Barkevikite'
References:
Deines, P, Gold, D.P (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37 (7) 1709-1733 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214
Rubie, David C. (1982) Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15 (2) 99-109 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2
Rubie, D. C., Gunter, W. D. (1983) The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82 (2) 165-175 doi:10.1007/bf01166611
DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479
Bestland, Erick A., Thackray, Glenn D., Retallack, Gregory J. (1995) Cycles of Doming and Eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103 (5) 598-607 doi:10.1086/629779
BESTLAND, ERICK A., KRULL, EVELYN S. (1999) Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156 (5) 965-976 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
References:
Deines, P, Gold, D.P (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37 (7) 1709-1733 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214
Rosatelli, G., Wall, F., Le Bas, M.J. (2003) Potassic glass and calcite carbonatite in lapilli from extrusive carbonatites at Rangwa Caldera Complex, Kenya. Mineralogical Magazine, 67:5, 931-955.
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
References:
Deines, P, Gold, D.P (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37 (7) 1709-1733 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214
Rubie, David C. (1982) Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15 (2) 99-109 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2
Rubie, D. C., Gunter, W. D. (1983) The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82 (2) 165-175 doi:10.1007/bf01166611
DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479
Bestland, Erick A., Thackray, Glenn D., Retallack, Gregory J. (1995) Cycles of Doming and Eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103 (5) 598-607 doi:10.1086/629779
BESTLAND, ERICK A., KRULL, EVELYN S. (1999) Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156 (5) 965-976 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
ⓘ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
ⓘ 'Glass'
References:
Deines, P, Gold, D.P (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37 (7) 1709-1733 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214
Rubie, David C. (1982) Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15 (2) 99-109 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2
Rubie, D. C., Gunter, W. D. (1983) The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82 (2) 165-175 doi:10.1007/bf01166611
DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479
Bestland, Erick A., Thackray, Glenn D., Retallack, Gregory J. (1995) Cycles of Doming and Eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103 (5) 598-607 doi:10.1086/629779
BESTLAND, ERICK A., KRULL, EVELYN S. (1999) Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156 (5) 965-976 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ 'Melilite Group'
Formula: Ca2M(XSiO7)
ⓘ 'Mica Group'
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘ Orthoclase
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Perovskite
Formula: CaTiO3
References:
Deines, P, Gold, D.P (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37 (7) 1709-1733 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214
Rubie, David C. (1982) Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15 (2) 99-109 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2
Rubie, D. C., Gunter, W. D. (1983) The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82 (2) 165-175 doi:10.1007/bf01166611
DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479
Bestland, Erick A., Thackray, Glenn D., Retallack, Gregory J. (1995) Cycles of Doming and Eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103 (5) 598-607 doi:10.1086/629779
BESTLAND, ERICK A., KRULL, EVELYN S. (1999) Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156 (5) 965-976 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
References:
Deines, P, Gold, D.P (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37 (7) 1709-1733 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214
Rubie, David C. (1982) Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15 (2) 99-109 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2
Rubie, D. C., Gunter, W. D. (1983) The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82 (2) 165-175 doi:10.1007/bf01166611
DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479
Bestland, Erick A., Thackray, Glenn D., Retallack, Gregory J. (1995) Cycles of Doming and Eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103 (5) 598-607 doi:10.1086/629779
BESTLAND, ERICK A., KRULL, EVELYN S. (1999) Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156 (5) 965-976 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
References:
Deines, P, Gold, D.P (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37 (7) 1709-1733 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214
Rubie, David C. (1982) Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15 (2) 99-109 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2
Rubie, D. C., Gunter, W. D. (1983) The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82 (2) 165-175 doi:10.1007/bf01166611
DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479
Bestland, Erick A., Thackray, Glenn D., Retallack, Gregory J. (1995) Cycles of Doming and Eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103 (5) 598-607 doi:10.1086/629779
BESTLAND, ERICK A., KRULL, EVELYN S. (1999) Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156 (5) 965-976 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965
ⓘ 'Rhombohedral Carbonate'
Formula: (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
ⓘ Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
References:
Deines, P, Gold, D.P (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37 (7) 1709-1733 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214
Rubie, David C. (1982) Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15 (2) 99-109 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2
Rubie, D. C., Gunter, W. D. (1983) The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82 (2) 165-175 doi:10.1007/bf01166611
DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479
Bestland, Erick A., Thackray, Glenn D., Retallack, Gregory J. (1995) Cycles of Doming and Eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103 (5) 598-607 doi:10.1086/629779
BESTLAND, ERICK A., KRULL, EVELYN S. (1999) Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156 (5) 965-976 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘ Wollastonite
Formula: Ca3(Si3O9)
References:
Deines, P, Gold, D.P (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37 (7) 1709-1733 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214
Rubie, David C. (1982) Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15 (2) 99-109 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2
Rubie, D. C., Gunter, W. D. (1983) The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82 (2) 165-175 doi:10.1007/bf01166611
DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479
Bestland, Erick A., Thackray, Glenn D., Retallack, Gregory J. (1995) Cycles of Doming and Eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103 (5) 598-607 doi:10.1086/629779
BESTLAND, ERICK A., KRULL, EVELYN S. (1999) Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156 (5) 965-976 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘPerovskite4.CC.30CaTiO3
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘFluorapatite
var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite		8.BN.05Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
ⓘ8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘWollastonite9.DG.05Ca3(Si3O9)
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘOrthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘvar. Andesine9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
ⓘvar. Oligoclase9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
ⓘSodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘAnalcime9.GB.05Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Unclassified
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Barkevikite'-
ⓘ'Mica Group'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'Glass'-
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Melilite Group'-Ca2M(XSiO7)
ⓘ'Rhombohedral Carbonate'-(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Cⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Oⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Oⓘ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Oⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Oⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Oⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Oⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
FFluorine
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Fⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Naⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Naⓘ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Naⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Mgⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Alⓘ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Alⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Siⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Siⓘ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Siⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Siⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Pⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Caⓘ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Caⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Caⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
MnManganese
Mnⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
FeIron
Feⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Feⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Feⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z

Localities in this Region

Kenya

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AfricaContinent
African Plate
Kenya
Somali PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Deines, P, Gold, D.P (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37 (7) 1709-1733 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214
Rubie, David C. (1982) Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15 (2) 99-109 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2
Rubie, D. C., Gunter, W. D. (1983) The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82 (2) 165-175 doi:10.1007/bf01166611
DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479
Bestland, Erick A., Thackray, Glenn D., Retallack, Gregory J. (1995) Cycles of Doming and Eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103 (5) 598-607 doi:10.1086/629779
BESTLAND, ERICK A., KRULL, EVELYN S. (1999) Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156 (5) 965-976 doi:10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965
Woolley, A. R. (2001) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 3: Africa - Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. The Geological Society of London.pp.118-119
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