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Llechwedd Helyg Mine (Willow Bank Mine), Pen-bont Rhydybeddau, Trefeirig, Ceredigion, Wales, UKi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Llechwedd Helyg Mine (Willow Bank Mine) | Mine (Abandoned) |
| Pen-bont Rhydybeddau | Village |
| Trefeirig | Community |
| Ceredigion | County |
| Wales | Country |
| UK | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
52° 26' 43'' North , 3° 56' 15'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
UK National Grid Reference:
SN683847
Type:
Mine (Abandoned) - last checked 2020
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Capel Bangor | 256 (2017) | 5.2km |
| Bow Street | 1,572 (2017) | 6.1km |
| Borth | 1,269 (2017) | 9.0km |
| Penparcau | 3,088 (2011) | 10.4km |
| Aberystwyth | 18,749 (2017) | 10.4km |
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Dyfed; Cardiganshire
Llechwedd Helyg mine developed a section of the Camdwr fault system, which is recorded as being up to 9 metres wide here. The mine was worked before 1853 when it was reopened. The mine continued to be worked until 1862, with only 3 tons of lead ore being recorded for this 10 year period.
The mine produced some of mid-Wales best examples of malachite, for a short time from the dumps.
Jan 2020. I have confirmed with Ceredigion Country Council Highways that the footpath is still active and open to the public. I have left it with the council to contact the landowners about the missing signage and the fact that the landowners first off denied there was a footpath despite the fact it is shown on the up to date O.S. map I had in my hand and then told me the footpath was closed.
The site straddles a westward flowing stream that issues from the portal to a level on the far east of the site. There are prominent dumps along the north bank of the stream. However, the majority of the mineralised material appears to be in the rock dump beside the footpath in the south-west corner of the site. Jan, 2020.
The mine produced some of mid-Wales best examples of malachite, for a short time from the dumps.
Jan 2020. I have confirmed with Ceredigion Country Council Highways that the footpath is still active and open to the public. I have left it with the council to contact the landowners about the missing signage and the fact that the landowners first off denied there was a footpath despite the fact it is shown on the up to date O.S. map I had in my hand and then told me the footpath was closed.
The site straddles a westward flowing stream that issues from the portal to a level on the far east of the site. There are prominent dumps along the north bank of the stream. However, the majority of the mineralised material appears to be in the rock dump beside the footpath in the south-west corner of the site. Jan, 2020.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
37 valid minerals.
Paragenesis
Detailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Anglesite Formula: PbSO4 Habit: Blocky Colour: Colourless-yellow Description: Colourless xls to 0.7mm. |
| ⓘ Aurichalcite ? Formula: (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 Habit: Thin crusts Colour: Light blue |
| ⓘ Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 Habit: Massive Description: Found in polished ore samples |
| ⓘ Bournonite Formula: PbCuSbS3 Habit: Massive Fluorescence: None Description: Found in thin section studys |
| ⓘ Brochantite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 Habit: Rounded platy Colour: Emerald green Fluorescence: None |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Habit: Massive Colour: Whiteish Fluorescence: Faintly red |
| ⓘ Caledonite Formula: Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 Habit: Acicular Colour: Pale blue Fluorescence: None Description: Light blue xls to 0.5mm, associated with susannite. References: |
| ✪ Carolinaite Formula: [Cu2+4Pb4O2(OH)8(SO4)(H2O)2].(SO4)(H2O)2 Habit: Wispy to lath-like crystal groups to 2mm Colour: From almost white to royal blue Description: Found associated with caledonite, mattheddleite, and elyite |
| ⓘ Cerussite Formula: PbCO3 Habit: Various Colour: Colourless-white |
| ⓘ Chalcocite Formula: Cu2S Habit: Massive, veinlets Colour: Metallic grey Fluorescence: None |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 Habit: Massive Colour: Yellow metallic brassy Fluorescence: None |
| ⓘ Chenite Formula: Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6 Habit: Platy Colour: Pale light blue Fluorescence: None Description: Platy very light blue xl groups to 1.5mm (XRD), associated with caledonite. |
| ⓘ Chrysocolla Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 Habit: Botryoidal crusts Colour: Pale blue |
| ⓘ Covellite Formula: CuS Habit: Tiny platy crystals Colour: Metallic indego blue |
| ✪ Elyite Formula: Pb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O Habit: Bladed, and lath like Colour: Purple Fluorescence: None Description: Purple lath like xls to 1mm, associated with an unknown Cu mineral. References: |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS Habit: Cubo-octahedral crystals, Massive Colour: Lead Grey Fluorescence: None Description: Galena from this has been shown to contain up to 14oz of silver per ton (UKJMM No3 pp25) |
| ⓘ Goethite Formula: Fe3+O(OH) Habit: Crusts Colour: Various shades of red-brown |
| ⓘ Hydrocerussite Formula: Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 Habit: Foileated crusts Colour: White-creamy References: |
| ⓘ Hydrozincite Formula: Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 Habit: Thin Crusts Colour: White Fluorescence: Whiteish blue |
| ⓘ Lanarkite ? Formula: Pb2(SO4)O References: |
| ⓘ Langite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O Habit: Pseudohexagonal platy Colour: Deep blue-green Fluorescence: None |
| ⓘ 'Limonite' Habit: Massive |
| ⓘ Linarite Formula: PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 Habit: Tabular, bladed Colour: Azure blue Fluorescence: None |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 Habit: Radial fibrous Colour: Green Description: Fibrous masses to 4.5cms were once found in the dumps. |
| ⓘ Marcasite Formula: FeS2 Habit: Massive |
| ⓘ Mattheddleite Formula: Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) Habit: Tiny prismtic Colour: Colourless Description: Druse crusts to 3mm References: |
| ⓘ Native Gold Formula: Au Habit: Massive Colour: Gold Fluorescence: None Description: Found as micron spots in polished ore samples. |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Habit: Cubes, massive |
| ⓘ Pyrolusite Formula: Mn4+O2 |
| ⓘ Pyromorphite Formula: Pb5(PO4)3Cl Habit: Typical crystal forms Colour: Yellow Fluorescence: None |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Habit: Massive, typical crystal habits Colour: Colourless-white Fluorescence: None |
| ✪ Redgillite Formula: Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O Habit: Lath-like Colour: Light green |
| ✪ Schmiederite Formula: Pb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4 Habit: Balls, and botryoidal crusts Colour: Light blue Fluorescence: None Description: Balls to 0.7mm, 1st UK occurrence References: |
| ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS Habit: Massive Colour: Brown Fluorescence: None |
| ✪ Steverustite Formula: Pb2+5(OH)5[Cu+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2 References: |
| ⓘ Susannite Formula: Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 Habit: Tabular pseudohexagonal Colour: Colourless References: |
| ⓘ Wroewolfeite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ Wulfenite Formula: Pb(MoO4) Habit: Platy, tabular Colour: Orange to yellow Description: Xls to 5mm |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Native Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
| ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Marcasite | 2.EB.10a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Bournonite | 2.GA.50 | PbCuSbS3 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrolusite | 4.DB.05 | Mn4+O2 |
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.FD.10 | Fe3+O(OH) |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Cerussite | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Aurichalcite ? | 5.BA.15 | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Hydrozincite | 5.BA.15 | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Hydrocerussite | 5.BE.10 | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Susannite | 5.BF.40 | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Anglesite | 7.AD.35 | PbSO4 |
| ⓘ | Brochantite | 7.BB.25 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Caledonite | 7.BC.50 | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Linarite | 7.BC.65 | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Schmiederite | 7.BC.65 | Pb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Chenite | 7.BC.70 | Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Lanarkite ? | 7.BD.40 | Pb2(SO4)O |
| ⓘ | Langite | 7.DD.10 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Wroewolfeite | 7.DD.10 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Redgillite | 7.DD.70 | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Elyite | 7.DF.65 | Pb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Wulfenite | 7.GA.05 | Pb(MoO4) |
| ⓘ | Steverustite | 7.JA.10 | Pb2+5(OH)5[Cu+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Pyromorphite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Mattheddleite | 9.AH.25 | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| ⓘ | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | |
| ⓘ | Carolinaite | - | [Cu2+4Pb4O2(OH)8(SO4)(H2O)2].(SO4)(H2O)2 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Chenite | Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| H | ⓘ Elyite | Pb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Hydrocerussite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| H | ⓘ Schmiederite | Pb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Susannite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Wroewolfeite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Redgillite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Steverustite | Pb52+(OH)5[Cu+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2 |
| H | ⓘ Carolinaite | [Cu42+Pb4O2(OH)8(SO4)(H2O)2].(SO4)(H2O)2 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| C | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Hydrocerussite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Susannite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Chenite | Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| O | ⓘ Elyite | Pb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Hydrocerussite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Lanarkite | Pb2(SO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| O | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| O | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Schmiederite | Pb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Susannite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Wroewolfeite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| O | ⓘ Redgillite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Steverustite | Pb52+(OH)5[Cu+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2 |
| O | ⓘ Carolinaite | [Cu42+Pb4O2(OH)8(SO4)(H2O)2].(SO4)(H2O)2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | ⓘ Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | ⓘ Bournonite | PbCuSbS3 |
| S | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| S | ⓘ Chenite | Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| S | ⓘ Elyite | Pb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Lanarkite | Pb2(SO4)O |
| S | ⓘ Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| S | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | ⓘ Susannite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
| S | ⓘ Wroewolfeite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Redgillite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
| S | ⓘ Steverustite | Pb52+(OH)5[Cu+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2 |
| S | ⓘ Carolinaite | [Cu42+Pb4O2(OH)8(SO4)(H2O)2].(SO4)(H2O)2 |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| Cl | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Bournonite | PbCuSbS3 |
| Cu | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| Cu | ⓘ Chenite | Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Cu | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| Cu | ⓘ Elyite | Pb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Schmiederite | Pb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Wroewolfeite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Redgillite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Steverustite | Pb52+(OH)5[Cu+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Carolinaite | [Cu42+Pb4O2(OH)8(SO4)(H2O)2].(SO4)(H2O)2 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| Zn | ⓘ Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Se | Selenium | |
| Se | ⓘ Schmiederite | Pb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4 |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | ⓘ Bournonite | PbCuSbS3 |
| Au | Gold | |
| Au | ⓘ Native Gold | Au |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| Pb | ⓘ Bournonite | PbCuSbS3 |
| Pb | ⓘ Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| Pb | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| Pb | ⓘ Chenite | Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Pb | ⓘ Elyite | Pb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Pb | ⓘ Hydrocerussite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Lanarkite | Pb2(SO4)O |
| Pb | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| Pb | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Schmiederite | Pb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4 |
| Pb | ⓘ Susannite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Pb | ⓘ Steverustite | Pb52+(OH)5[Cu+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Carolinaite | [Cu42+Pb4O2(OH)8(SO4)(H2O)2].(SO4)(H2O)2 |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
British and Irish IslesGroup of Islands
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
- AvaloniaVolcanic Arc
EuropeContinent
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Llechwedd Helyg Mine, Pen-bont Rhydybeddau, Trefeirig, Ceredigion, Wales, UK