Bundelkhand Craton, Eurasian Platei

Regional Level Types
Bundelkhand Craton	Craton
Eurasian Plate	Tectonic Plate

The Bundelkhand Craton (BC) consists of rocks of the Archaean to Paleoproterozoic age and is overlain by the Late Paleoproterozoic (2.0–1.8 Ga) sedimentary sequence of the Bijawar and Gwalior Groups in the northwestern, south, and southeastern extremities. The Bundelkhand granite is surrounded by the Meso‐Neoproterozoic (1.1–1.0 Ga) Vindhyan basin all along the periphery, except on the northern side which is covered by Gangetic alluvium of Quaternary age. The central part of the BC constitutes the Bundelkhand Gneissic Complex (BGC) followed by the Bundelkhand Metasedimentary and Metavolcanic rocks (BMM), Bundelkhand granitoids, and the Madaura (or Madawara) ultramafic complex. The BC, in large part, is dissected by the “giant quartz reef system” comprising 20 major quartz reefs and innumerable minor ones, constituting approximately 10 percent of the area of the craton. The craton is also dissected by mafic dykes that cut across all older litho units, including the giant quartz reefs. The exposed Bundelkhand Craton, covering an area of 26,000 square kilometers, is primarily characterized by a granitoid complex, predominantly granite to granodiorite. This granitoid, referred to as the Bundelkhand granite (BG), varies in color from gray to pink and contains differing amounts of pink K‐feldspar. Radiometric dating by various workers assigns an age of ~2.5 Ga for BG. Various minor intrusions in the form of felsic units and pegmatitic and quartz veins are also other noticeable features of the BC. Although the BG is the least affected by deformation, in comparison to other older units like the BGC and BMM, brittle shear fractures and ductile shear zones are often observed. The emplacement of the Bundelkhand granitoids is being due to a diapiric rise in a pseudoplastic state, occurring within the dynamic environment of a collision‐related volcanic setting. Subordinate to the Bundelkhand granitoids, the quartz reefs constitute the next most voluminous litho units standing as ridges in the BC with a dominant trend of NNE–SSW to NE–SW. A shallow crustal source of the fluid for their formation and speculated it to be the late‐stage fluid of the BG that evolved internally within it. The reported age of 1.9–2.0 Ga (K–Ar dating) for the quartz reef, whereas others inferred a relatively younger age of approximately 1.8 to 1.9 Ga, with the help of the SHRIMP dating of zircons from giant quartz reefs. They obtained a range of dates from 2.8 to 1.2 Ga (U–Pb and Pb–Pb) from these zircons. Notably, these quartz reefs are intersected by NW–SE mafic dykes, demonstrating that the formation of the reefs predates the intrusive mafic dykes. The regional geology of the Bundelkhand Craton, covering all litho units, and quoted an age range of ~2.0 to 1.1 Ga for the mafic dykes of different generations as determined from radiometric dating.

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Proterozoic : 2500 Ma to 541 ± 1.0 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic Time				Rocks, Minerals and Events
Precambrian
	Proterozoic			ⓘ Quartz-arenite Proterozoic (541 - 2500 Ma) Majhgawan diamond pipe, Panna Mines, Panna, Panna District, Madhya Pradesh, India
		Neoproterozoic
			Tonian	ⓘ Sodic amphibole 959 ± 24 Ma Newania carbonatite-fenite complex, Udaipur District, Udaipur Division, Rajasthan, India ⓘ Lamproite (youngest age) 974 ± 30 Ma Majhgawan diamond pipe, Panna Mines, Panna, Panna District, Madhya Pradesh, India
		Paleoproterozoic
			Statherian	ⓘ Lamproite (oldest age) 1630 ± 353 Ma Majhgawan diamond pipe, Panna Mines, Panna, Panna District, Madhya Pradesh, India

Fossils

There are 11 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences	11
Youngest Fossil Listed	0.01 Ma (Pleistocene)
Oldest Fossil Listed	201 Ma (Early Jurassic)
Stratigraphic Units	Unit No. Occurrences Age Devakachar 2 0.126 - 0.0117 Ma (Pleistocene) Intertrappean 1 56 - 33.9 Ma (Paleogene) Lameta 4 72.1 - 66 Ma (Late/Upper Cretaceous) Bagh Beds - Nimar Sandstone 1 100.5 - 89.8 Ma (Late/Upper Cretaceous) Kota 3 182.7 - 163.5 Ma (Jurassic)
Fossils from Region	Click here to show the list.
Accepted Name Hierarchy Age Sauropoda unranked clade Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Sauropoda 100.5 - 89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous Equus genus Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Equus 0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene Dinosauria order Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria 72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous Tetrapoda unranked clade Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Tetrapoda 70.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous Unio genus Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Unionida : Unionidae : Unio 72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous Physa prinsepii species Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Physidae : Physa : Physa prinsepii 72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous Xyelula alexandri species Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Xyelidae : Xyelula : Xyelula alexandri 182.7 - 174.1 Ma Jurassic Coleopteron genus Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Coleopteron 201.3 - 163.5 Ma Jurassic Protogryllus (Protogryllus) lakshmi species Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Protogryllidae : Protogryllus : Protogryllus (Protogryllus) lakshmi 182.7 - 174.1 Ma Jurassic
Fossil Localities	Click to show 6 fossil localities

Localities in this Region

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

References