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Artonvilla Mine, Musina, Musina Local Municipality, Vhembe District Municipality, Limpopo, South Africai
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Artonvilla Mine | Mine |
| Musina | Town |
| Musina Local Municipality | Municipality |
| Vhembe District Municipality | Municipality |
| Limpopo | Province |
| South Africa | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
22° 18' 21'' South , 30° 5' 27'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Beitbridge | 26,459 (2013) | 13.7km |
Hydrothermal copper mineralization emplaced within Archean granulite facies metamorphic rocks are aligned along a northeast-trending line passing through the Artonvilla mine. The orebodies in the district include breccia pipes, fissure deposits, and disseminated emplacement bodies, the latter being best developed in the Artonvilla mine, where four separate lodes are developed (Jacobsen and McCarthy 1976a).
The disseminated replacement orebodies are best developed at this mine, they are known as Watson, Frost, Emery and Reggie lodes, mineralization is accompanied by intense hydrothermal alteration.
Mineralization is concentrically zoned, with an outermost zone consisting of sericitized cordierite-biotite-garnet gneiss and with zones of albitization, chloritization and epidotization within; the central part of the breccia pipe is shot through with ore sulfides. Quartz crystal-lined cavities mainly occur in veins in an inner zone of vuggy albitite, with minor amounts of prehnite, calcite, epidote and analcime.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Ajoite Formula: (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Colour: Rust-red to mustard-brown to white Description: Albite is common in the alteration zones of the orebodies particularly at this mine as Messina & Harper mines have a higher degree of prehnitization and zoistization. The Emery lode shows an outer zone of sericite followed inward by zones of albite, chlorite and epidote.
The red colour in albite has been attributed to additions of ferrous ions to the structure after albite formed. |
| ⓘ Analcime Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O Colour: Pink to white Description: Occurs solely in the the higher altered albitic rocks suggesting it represents the decomposition product of earlier formed hydrothermal albite.
Frequently associated minerals are calcite, chalcocite, chlorite, native copper & epidote. |
| ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Description: At this mine calcite occurs with late-stage minerals chalcocite, native copper, chlorite & epidote. It is suggested calcite originated from alteration of the original calcic plagioclase. |
| ⓘ Chalcocite Formula: Cu2S |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' |
| ⓘ Clausthalite Formula: PbSe Description: A very minor constituent of the ore at this mine, found in close association with bornite, chalcocite, specularite & digenite. |
| ⓘ Clinozoisite Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Description: Noted to be far less abundant as this mine than elsewhere. |
| ⓘ Copper Formula: Cu |
| ⓘ Cordierite Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| ⓘ Epidote Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ Fluorapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F Description: Found in the lower levels of the Emery lode. Only pyrite & chalcopyrite are the associated sulfides. |
| ⓘ 'Garnet Group' Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Papagoite Formula: CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| ⓘ Prehnite Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Shattuckite Formula: Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS Description: Sphalerite is a rare constituent at this mine, only visible in thin section. |
| ⓘ Tangeite Formula: CaCu(VO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ Zoisite Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Description: Noted to be far less abundant as this mine than elsewhere. |
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Copper | 1.AA.05 | Cu |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
| ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Clausthalite | 2.CD.10 | PbSe |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Tangeite | 8.BH.35 | CaCu(VO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Clinozoisite | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Zoisite | 9.BG.10 | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Papagoite | 9.CE.05 | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| ⓘ | Cordierite | 9.CJ.10 | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| ⓘ | Shattuckite | 9.DB.40 | Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Prehnite | 9.DP.20 | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Ajoite | 9.EA.70 | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Analcime | 9.GB.05 | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Ajoite | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Papagoite | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| H | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Shattuckite | Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Tangeite | CaCu(VO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Ajoite | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Papagoite | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| O | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Shattuckite | Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tangeite | CaCu(VO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Ajoite | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Ajoite | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Papagoite | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| Al | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Ajoite | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Papagoite | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| Si | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Shattuckite | Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Ajoite | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Ca | ⓘ Papagoite | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| Ca | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Tangeite | CaCu(VO4)(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | ⓘ Tangeite | CaCu(VO4)(OH) |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Ajoite | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| Cu | ⓘ Copper | Cu |
| Cu | ⓘ Papagoite | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| Cu | ⓘ Shattuckite | Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Tangeite | CaCu(VO4)(OH) |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Se | Selenium | |
| Se | ⓘ Clausthalite | PbSe |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Clausthalite | PbSe |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
AfricaContinent
African Plate
- Kalahari Craton
- Limpopo BeltShield
Somali PlateTectonic Plate
South Africa
- ⭔TransvaalProvince
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Artonvilla Mine, Musina, Musina Local Municipality, Vhembe District Municipality, Limpopo, South Africa