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Yulong Cu-(Mo) deposit, Jomdo Co. (Jiangda Co.), Qamdo Prefecture (Changdu Prefecture), Tibet, China i
Regional Level Types
Yulong Cu-(Mo) deposit Deposit
Jomdo Co. (Jiangda Co.) County
Qamdo Prefecture (Changdu Prefecture) Prefecture
Tibet Autonomous Region
China Country

Regional Level Types
Yulong Cu-(Mo) deposit	Deposit
Jomdo Co. (Jiangda Co.)	County
Qamdo Prefecture (Changdu Prefecture)	Prefecture
Tibet	Autonomous Region
China	Country

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

31° 24' 37'' North , 97° 43' 48'' East

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

Type:

Köppen climate type:

Mindat Locality ID:

5792

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:5792:2

GUID (UUID V4):

One of the world's largest copper mines, with estimated reserves of 6.5 million tons of copper (700 million tons of ore with an average grade of 0.94% Cu) and 0.15 Mt Mo).

The ore-bearing porphyry body at the Yulong deposit is a composite porphyry, with a disinctive pear-shaped plan view and an exposed area of approximately 0.64 km2. Its primary lithology is monzogranite porphyry, which is characterized by large potassium feldspar phenocrysts and exhibits a typical porphyritic texture.

The giant Yulong porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, containing 6.24 million tons (Mt) of Cu at 0.62 % and 0.41 Mt of Mo at 0.041 %. The Yulong deposit forms a steeply plunging orebody measuring ∼1,000 m in strike length, ∼600 m in width, and extending to depths > 500 m. This cylindrical mineralization system, dominated by stockwork and disseminated sulfides, is primarily hosted within the syn-mineralization porphyritic monzogranite. The Yulong stock exhibits zoned alteration halos comprising: (1) a deep-seated K-silicate alteration core, (2) a strong to intense sericitic alteration zone transitioning outward to advanced argillic assemblages, and (3) distal propylitic alteration. Overprinting relationships reveal that sericitic and argillic alteration replaced earlier potassic assemblages, while skarn mineralization preferentially developed along the stock-dolomitic limestone contact. Stage I is characterized by K-silicate alteration, and comprises early biotite-rich (EB) and quartz-dominated (A) veins within the porphyritic monzogranite. EB and A1 veins contain fine-grained anhedral quartz, hydrothermal biotite, and minor K-feldspar, enveloped by potassic alteration halos. Stage II is characterized by sericitic alteration with localized advanced argillic overprints. The B-type veins, which define this stage, are subdivided into three distinct subtypes: (1) B1 vein cuts the A vein and is dominated by coarse subhedral-euhedral quartz with rare sulfides; (2) B2 vein features massive, wall-parallel molybdenite mineralization; and (3) B3 vein contains vuggy, wall-perpendicular quartz intergrown with coarse chalcopyrite and pyrite. Stage III is marked by the D-type vein along the stock periphery and contact zones, this stage features pyrite > chalcopyrite > covellite assemblages with minor quartz.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.

ⓘ Copper

ⓘ Molybdenum

Mineral List

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup'

ⓘ Tenorite

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'

60 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Actinolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Gu, X. X., Tang, J. X., Wang, C. S., Chen, J. P., He, B. B. (2003) Himalayan magmatism and porphyry copper-molybdenum mineralization in the Yulong ore belt, East Tibet. Mineralogy and Petrology, 78 (1) 1-20 doi:10.1007/s00710-002-0203-6

Zhao, H., Wang, Q., Li, W., Shu, Q., Sun, X., & Deng, J. (2022). The roles of emplacement depth, magma volume and local geologic conditions in the formation of the giant Yulong copper deposit, Eastern Tibet. Ore Geology Reviews, 145, 104877.

ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'

References:

ⓘ 'Allanite Group'

Formula: (A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

ⓘ Allophane

Formula: (Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O

References:

ⓘ Alunite

Formula: KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆

References:

Zengqian Hou, Yuling Xie, Wenyi Xu, Yinqing Li, Xlangkun Zhu, Zaw Khin, Beaudoin, G., Zongyao Rui, Wei Huang, and Ciren Luobu (2007): International Geology Review 49(3), 235-258.

Peng, Zaihua, Xinzhuang Fu, Zujiang Pan, Ya Gao, Dongdong He, Xiaohui Fan, Tong Yue, and Wei Sun. (2022) "Efficient Recovery of the Combined Copper Resources from Copper Oxide Bearing Limonite Ore by Magnetic Separation and Leaching Technology" Minerals 12, no. 10: 1258. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12101258

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

Formula: AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂

References:

Pan, Zujiang, Jian, Cuo, Peng, Zaihua, Fu, Xinzhuang, He, Rui, Yue, Tong, Sun, Wei (2024) Study on Process Mineralogy of the Combined Copper Oxide Ore in Tibet and Acid Leaching Behavior with Calcium Fluoride. Minerals, 14 (4) doi:10.3390/min14040352

ⓘ Andradite

Formula: Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃A

References:

Huang, M. L., Zhu, J. J., Bi, X. W., Xu, L. L., & Xu, Y. (2022). Low magmatic Cl contents in giant porphyry Cu deposits caused by early fluid exsolution: A case study of the Yulong belt and implication for exploration. Ore Geology Reviews, 141, 104664.

ⓘ Azurite

Formula: Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Beudantite

Formula: PbFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆

References:

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

Zhao, Xiaoyan; Zheng, Yuanchuan; Liu, Chang; Yang, Zhusen; Dong, Yanrui; Liu, Jinchao (2025) Magmatic characteristics and oxygen fugacity variations in the Eocene Yulong porphyry copper belt. Ore Geology Reviews, 178. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106459

Chen, Qi; Yan, Tingjie; Du, Zezhong; Zhu, Jiaxuan; Du, Bin; Duan, Hongyu (2025) Fluid evolution and metal precipitation mechanisms in the Yulong porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, Eastern Tibet: insights from the two-stage mineralization process. Ore Geology Reviews, 184. 106713 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106713

ⓘ Bismuthinite

Formula: Bi₂S₃

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Bornite

Formula: Cu₅FeS₄

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

Xu, Bo; Hou, Zeng-qian; Griffin, William L; Zhou, Ye; Zhang, Yu-Fei; Lu, Yong-Jun; Belousova, Elena; Xu, Ji-Feng; O’Reilly, Suzanne Y (2021) Elevated magmatic chlorine and sulfur concentrations in the Eocene-Oligocene Machangqing Cu-Mo porphyry systems.

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'

Formula: A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂

References:

ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende'

Formula: A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂

References:

ⓘ Cerussite

Formula: PbCO₃

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ Chalcocite

Formula: Cu₂S

References:

Dunmo Cheng, Mangen Zhou, and Benxian Wu (1982): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 2(3), 213-216

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

References:

American Mineralogist 85, 264

Dequan Shuai, Rubo Zhang, Mei Luo and Jingwu Zhang (1998): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 18(4), 509-512

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Chrysocolla

Formula: Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1

References:

ⓘ Coronadite

Formula: Pb(Mn⁴⁺₆Mn³⁺₂)O₁₆

References:

ⓘ Cosalite

Formula: Pb₂Bi₂S₅

References:

American Mineralogist 85, 264

Dequan Shuai, Rubo Zhang, Mei Luo and Jingwu Zhang (1998): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 18(4), 509-512

ⓘ Covellite

Formula: CuS

References:

Dunmo Cheng, Mangen Zhou, and Benxian Wu (1982): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 2(3), 213-216

ⓘ Cubanite

Formula: CuFe₂S₃

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Cuprite

Formula: Cu₂O

References:

Dunmo Cheng, Mangen Zhou, and Benxian Wu (1982): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 2(3), 213-216

ⓘ Delafossite

Formula: Cu⁺Fe³⁺O₂

References:

Dunmo Cheng, Mangen Zhou, and Benxian Wu (1982): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 2(3), 213-216

ⓘ Diaspore

Formula: AlO(OH)

References:

ⓘ Dickite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

References:

Zengqian Hou, Yuling Xie, Wenyi Xu, Yinqing Li, Xlangkun Zhu, Zaw Khin, Beaudoin, G., Zongyao Rui, Wei Huang, and Ciren Luobu (2007): International Geology Review 49(3), 235-258.

ⓘ Digenite

Formula: Cu₉S₅

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

References:

ⓘ Dolomite

Formula: CaMg(CO₃)₂

References:

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

References:

ⓘ Fluorite

Formula: CaF₂

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Galenobismutite

Formula: PbBi₂S₄

References:

American Mineralogist 85, 264

Dequan Shuai, Rubo Zhang, Mei Luo and Jingwu Zhang (1998): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 18(4), 509-512

ⓘ 'Garnet Group'

Formula: X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Gibbsite

Formula: Al(OH)₃

References:

ⓘ Gypsum

Formula: CaSO₄ · 2H₂O

References:

ⓘ Halloysite

Formula: Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ · n(H₂O)

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ 'Hydrohalloysite'

Formula: Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ · 2H₂O

References:

Zengqian Hou, Yuling Xie, Wenyi Xu, Yinqing Li, Xlangkun Zhu, Zaw Khin, Beaudoin, G., Zongyao Rui, Wei Huang, and Ciren Luobu (2007): International Geology Review 49(3), 235-258.

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

References:

Hou, Zengqian; Zaw, Khin; Pan, Guitang; Mo, Xuanxue; Xu, Qiang; Hu, Yunzhong; Li, Xingzhen (2007) Sanjiang Tethyan metallogenesis in S.W. China: Tectonic setting, metallogenic epochs and deposit types. Ore Geology Reviews, 31 (1). doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2004.12.007

ⓘ Jarosite

Formula: KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ Kaolinite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

References:

ⓘ 'Limonite'

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Malachite

Formula: Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Manganite

Formula: Mn³⁺O(OH)

References:

ⓘ Molybdenite

Formula: MoS₂

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Montmorillonite

Formula: (Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite

Formula: K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Native Copper

Formula: Cu

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Native Gold

Formula: Au

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Native Silver

Formula: Ag

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Orthoclase

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

ⓘ Phlogopite

Formula: KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Chen, Yan-Jing; Chen, Hua-Yong; Zaw, Khin; Pirajno, Franco; Zhang, Zeng-Jie (2007) Geodynamic settings and tectonic model of skarn gold deposits in China: An overview. Ore Geology Reviews, 31 (1-4). 139-169 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.01.001

ⓘ 'Plagioclase'

Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈

References:

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Pyrolusite

Formula: Mn⁴⁺O₂

References:

ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'

Formula: ADSi₂O₆

References:

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Zengqian Hou, Yuling Xie, Wenyi Xu, Yinqing Li, Xlangkun Zhu, Zaw Khin, Beaudoin, G., Zongyao Rui, Wei Huang, and Ciren Luobu (2007): International Geology Review 49(3), 235-258.

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

References:

ⓘ Scheelite

Formula: Ca(WO₄)

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Smithsonite

Formula: ZnCO₃

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)As₄S₁₂S

References:

Zengqian Hou, Yuling Xie, Wenyi Xu, Yinqing Li, Xlangkun Zhu, Zaw Khin, Beaudoin, G., Zongyao Rui, Wei Huang, and Ciren Luobu (2007): International Geology Review 49(3), 235-258.

ⓘ Tenorite

Formula: CuO

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTi(SiO₄)O

References:

ⓘ 'Tongxinite'

Formula: Cu₂Zn

References:

Dequan Shuai, Rubo Zhang, Mei Luo and Jingwu Zhang (1998): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 18(4), 509-512

Xie Yuling, Hou Zengqian, Xu Jiuhua, Yuan Zhongxin, Bai Ge, and Li Xiaoyu (2006): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 49(6), 597-603.

ⓘ 'Tourmaline'

Formula: AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z

References:

pubs.usgs.gov (2006) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1060/PorCu.txt

ⓘ Tremolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Vesuvianite

Formula: Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉

References:

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

References:

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Copper	1.AA.05	Cu
ⓘ	Native Gold	1.AA.05	Au
ⓘ	Native Silver	1.AA.05	Ag
ⓘ	'Tongxinite'	1.AB.10b	Cu₂Zn
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Chalcocite	2.BA.05	Cu₂S
ⓘ	Digenite	2.BA.10	Cu₉S₅
ⓘ	Bornite	2.BA.15	Cu₅FeS₄
ⓘ	Covellite	2.CA.05a	CuS
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Cubanite	2.CB.55a	CuFe₂S₃
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Bismuthinite	2.DB.05	Bi₂S₃
ⓘ	Molybdenite	2.EA.30	MoS₂
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	'Tennantite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)As₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	Cosalite	2.JB.10	Pb₂Bi₂S₅
ⓘ	Galenobismutite	2.JB.25e	PbBi₂S₄
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Fluorite	3.AB.25	CaF₂
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Cuprite	4.AA.10	Cu₂O
ⓘ	Tenorite	4.AB.10	CuO
ⓘ	Delafossite	4.AB.15	Cu⁺Fe³⁺O₂
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Pyrolusite	4.DB.05	Mn⁴⁺O₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Coronadite	4.DK.05a	Pb(Mn⁴⁺₆Mn³⁺₂)O₁₆
ⓘ	Diaspore	4.FD.10	AlO(OH)
ⓘ	Manganite	4.FD.15	Mn³⁺O(OH)
ⓘ	Gibbsite	4.FE.10	Al(OH)₃
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Smithsonite	5.AB.05	ZnCO₃
ⓘ	Dolomite	5.AB.10	CaMg(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Cerussite	5.AB.15	PbCO₃
ⓘ	Azurite	5.BA.05	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Malachite	5.BA.10	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Alunite	7.BC.10	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
ⓘ	Jarosite	7.BC.10	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
ⓘ	Gypsum	7.CD.40	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Scheelite	7.GA.05	Ca(WO₄)
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Beudantite	8.BL.05	PbFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Andradite	9.AD.25	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTi(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Vesuvianite	9.BG.35	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
ⓘ	Diopside	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Actinolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Tremolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite var. Illite	9.EC.15	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
ⓘ		9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	var. Sericite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Phlogopite	9.EC.20	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Montmorillonite	9.EC.40	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Dickite	9.ED.05	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Kaolinite	9.ED.05	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Halloysite	9.ED.10	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ · n(H₂O)
ⓘ	'Hydrohalloysite'	9.ED.10	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Allophane	9.ED.20	(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O
ⓘ	Chrysocolla	9.ED.20	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
ⓘ	Orthoclase	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Alkali Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Amphibole Supergroup'	-	AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group'	-
ⓘ	'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende'	-	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
ⓘ	'Limonite'	-
ⓘ	'Tourmaline'	-	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
ⓘ	'Plagioclase'	-	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Pyroxene Group'	-	ADSi₂O₆
ⓘ	'Garnet Group'	-	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
ⓘ	'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'	-	A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂
ⓘ	'Allanite Group'	-	(A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Allophane	(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O
H	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Beudantite	PbFe₃³⁺(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
H	ⓘ Diaspore	AlO(OH)
H	ⓘ Dickite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Gibbsite	Al(OH)₃
H	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Halloysite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ · n(H₂O)
H	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
H	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Manganite	Mn³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Hydrohalloysite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Allanite Group	(A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
B	Boron
B	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
C	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Allophane	(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O
O	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂
O	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Beudantite	PbFe₃³⁺(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
O	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
O	ⓘ Coronadite	Pb(Mn₆⁴⁺Mn₂³⁺)O₁₆
O	ⓘ Cuprite	Cu₂O
O	ⓘ Delafossite	Cu⁺Fe³⁺O₂
O	ⓘ Diaspore	AlO(OH)
O	ⓘ Dickite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Gibbsite	Al(OH)₃
O	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Halloysite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ · n(H₂O)
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Manganite	Mn³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)
O	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
O	ⓘ Tenorite	CuO
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
O	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
O	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Hydrohalloysite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
O	ⓘ Allanite Group	(A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
F	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
F	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Na	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Mg	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Allophane	(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O
Al	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Al	ⓘ Diaspore	AlO(OH)
Al	ⓘ Dickite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Gibbsite	Al(OH)₃
Al	ⓘ Halloysite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ · n(H₂O)
Al	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Al	ⓘ Hydrohalloysite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ · 2H₂O
Al	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup	A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Allophane	(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O
Si	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Si	ⓘ Dickite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Halloysite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ · n(H₂O)
Si	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Hydrohalloysite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ · 2H₂O
Si	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup	A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂
Si	ⓘ Allanite Group	(A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Beudantite	PbFe₃³⁺(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃
S	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
S	ⓘ Cosalite	Pb₂Bi₂S₅
S	ⓘ Covellite	CuS
S	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
S	ⓘ Digenite	Cu₉S₅
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Galenobismutite	PbBi₂S₄
S	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
S	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
K	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
Ca	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Ca	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Ca	ⓘ Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ca	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Ca	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
Ca	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup	A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Coronadite	Pb(Mn₆⁴⁺Mn₂³⁺)O₁₆
Mn	ⓘ Manganite	Mn³⁺O(OH)
Mn	ⓘ Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Fe	ⓘ Beudantite	PbFe₃³⁺(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
Fe	ⓘ Delafossite	Cu⁺Fe³⁺O₂
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
Cu	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Cu	ⓘ Covellite	CuS
Cu	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
Cu	ⓘ Cuprite	Cu₂O
Cu	ⓘ Native Copper	Cu
Cu	ⓘ Delafossite	Cu⁺Fe³⁺O₂
Cu	ⓘ Digenite	Cu₉S₅
Cu	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
Cu	ⓘ Tenorite	CuO
Cu	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Cu	ⓘ Tongxinite	Cu₂Zn
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Zn	ⓘ Tongxinite	Cu₂Zn
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Beudantite	PbFe₃³⁺(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
As	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Mo	Molybdenum
Mo	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Native Silver	Ag
Sb	Antimony
Sb	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
W	Tungsten
W	ⓘ Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)
Au	Gold
Au	ⓘ Native Gold	Au
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Beudantite	PbFe₃³⁺(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
Pb	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
Pb	ⓘ Coronadite	Pb(Mn₆⁴⁺Mn₂³⁺)O₁₆
Pb	ⓘ Cosalite	Pb₂Bi₂S₅
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
Pb	ⓘ Galenobismutite	PbBi₂S₄
Bi	Bismuth
Bi	ⓘ Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃
Bi	ⓘ Cosalite	Pb₂Bi₂S₅
Bi	ⓘ Galenobismutite	PbBi₂S₄

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Eocene : 41.9 Ma to 38.3 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic Time

Rocks, Minerals and Events

ⓘ Molybdenite (youngest age)	38.3 Ma
ⓘ Molybdenite (oldest age)	41.9 Ma

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AsiaContinent

Hindukush Himalayan RegionGroup of Mountain Ranges

China

⭔Southwest ChinaRegion
Tibet
- Yulong porphyry Cu beltMineral Belt

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

Qiangtang TerraneAccretionary Complex
- Yulong porphyry copper beltMineral Belt

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Dunmo Cheng, Mangen Zhou, and Benxian Wu (1982): The origin of delafossite in Yulong porphyry copper deposit in Tibet (Xizang), China. Acta Mineralogica Sinica 2(3), 213-216.

Fan, Pow-Foong (1984) Geologic setting of selected copper deposits of China. Economic Geology, 79 (8) 1785-1795 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.79.8.1785

Zhou, Y. (1985): Alteration and mineralization zoning of ore deposits in the Yulong porphyry copper belt. Mineral Deposits 4(2), 23-30 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Fan, P.-F. (1986): Porphyry copper deposits in East and Southeast Asia. Memoir of the Geological Society of China 7, 249-257.

Ge, C., Sun, H., and Zhou, T. (1990): Copper deposits of China, in: Mineral deposits of China, Vol. 1, Geological Publishing House, Beijing, p. 1-106.

Zhang, H., and Rui, Z. (1992): Geologic setting of the porphyry copper deposits series of China. Acta Geologica Sinica 5(1), 59-73.

Zhang, H., Pei, R., and Wu, L. (1993): Evolution of the porphyry copper deposits from Proterozoic to Cenozoic Era in China. Proceedings of the 29th International Geological Congress 1992, Mineral Resources Symposia Volume A, Resource Geology Special Issue, no. 15, Tokyo, p. 55-65.

Tang, R., and Luo, H. (1995): The geology of Yulong porphyry copper-(molybdenum) ore belt, Xizang (Tibet), No. 1, Party of Xizang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 320 p. (in Chinese with English summary).

Wang, Z. (1996): Source of the Yulong porphyry copper ore zone and its formation mechanism, China (abstract), 30th International Geologic Congress, Abstracts, Vol. 2, Beijing, p. 632.

Dequan Shuai, Rubo Zhang, Mei Luo and Jingwu Zhang (1998): The study of natural Cu-Zn series mineral - Tongxinite. Acta Mineralogica Sinica 18(4), 509-512.

Rui, Z., Wang, L., and Wang, Y. (2002): Porphyry copper deposit models in China: Workshop on Assessing Undiscovered Mineral Resources, June 24-28, Beijing, China, China Geological Survey and U.S. Geological Survey, p. 42-52.

Hou, Z., Ma, H., Khin, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, M., Wang, Z., Pan, G., and Tang, R. (2003): The Himalayan Yulong porphyry copper belt: product of large-scale strike-slip faulting in eastern Tibet. Economic Geology 98, 125-145.

Hou, Zengqian, Zeng, Pusheng, Gao, Yongfeng, Du, Andao, Fu, Deming (2006) Himalayan Cu–Mo–Au mineralization in the eastern Indo–Asian collision zone: constraints from Re–Os dating of molybdenite. Mineralium Deposita, 41 (1) 33-45 doi:10.1007/s00126-005-0038-2

Zengqian Hou, Yuling Xie, Wenyi Xu, Yinqing Li, Xlangkun Zhu, Zaw Khin, Beaudoin, G., Zongyao Rui, Wei Huang, and Ciren Luobu (2007): Yulong Deposit, Eastern Tibet: A High-Sulfidation Cu-Au Porphyry Copper Deposit in the Eastern Indo-Asian Collision Zone. International Geology Review 49(3), 235-258.

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

[1]Zhao, Xiaoyan; Zheng, Yuanchuan; Liu, Chang; Yang, Zhusen; Dong, Yanrui; Liu, Jinchao (2025) Magmatic characteristics and oxygen fugacity variations in the Eocene Yulong porphyry copper belt. Ore Geology Reviews, 178. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106459

[2]Chen, Qi; Yan, Tingjie; Du, Zezhong; Zhu, Jiaxuan; Du, Bin; Duan, Hongyu (2025) Fluid evolution and metal precipitation mechanisms in the Yulong porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, Eastern Tibet: insights from the two-stage mineralization process. Ore Geology Reviews, 184. 106713 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106713

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