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Climax Mine, Climax, Climax Mining District, Lake County, Colorado, USAi
Regional Level Types
Climax MineMine (Active)
ClimaxVillage (Abandoned)
Climax Mining DistrictMining District
Lake CountyCounty
ColoradoState
USACountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
39° 22' 24'' North , 106° 10' 33'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Mine (Active) - last checked 2018
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Blue River904 (2017)12.9km
Alma277 (2017)13.9km
Copper Mountain385 (2011)15.1km
Leadville North1,794 (2011)16.8km
Breckenridge4,896 (2017)16.8km
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
ClubLocationDistance
Colorado Gold CampFrisco, Colorado23km
Owned/operated by:
Mindat Locality ID:
7745
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:7745:6
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Climax Open Pit Mine; Climax Molybdenum Mine; Climax Glory Hole


Near the summit of Fremont Pass, in Lake Co., approximately 15 miles north of Leadville. Owned by AMAX Corp. A molybdenum mine comprised of a large open pit and underground workings. When working, up to 50,000 tons of ore processed daily.

Produced stopped in 1985 due to low Mo prices, but recommenced during 2012.

The Climax ore deposit is the type example of the Climax-type porphyry molybdenum deposit. The geology of this type of ore deposit is described by Ludington and Plumlee (2009). They note that Climax-type molybdenum deposits are quite rare and give only 13 examples. Of these, the Climax ore deposit is by far the largest. The next largest, the Henderson deposit, is approximately 60% its size.

For many years, Climax was an underground mine worked through adits. Ore was produced by a block caving system. When this author toured the mine with a college AIME group in 1968 production was 22,000 t/d, all from the Storke level. Starting with a 60-inch gyratory crusher, the entire 22,000 tons was reduced by ranks of rod and ball mills to a particle size sufficiently small to move in suspension. Separation of minerals was accomplished by flotation (moly, monazite), humphrey spirals (pyrite) and shaker table (wolframite). The end product of this was a milk of magnesia-like slurry. This was then separated by row after row of humphrey spirals to remove pyrite, innumerable flotation cells concentrating the molybdenite and finally a shaker table separating black wolframite and a couple, small laboratory size flotation cells concentrating monazite. The mill also concentrated cassiterite, but I can't remember how that was done. For anyone interested in how big ones are reduced to little ones and then how the little ones are all sorted out, this was the place to see.

Since reactivation of the mine in 2012, after 17 years of dormancy, the underground operation has been replaced by a surface open pit. The Climax deposit consists of multiple shells of molybdenite-bearing stockwork veins around the top of a siliceous, highly evolved rhyolite porphyry stock. In addition to molybdenite, the mill recovered pyrite, wolframite, cassiterite (it was the US's only tin mine) and monazite.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

34 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded


Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Allophane
Formula: (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3A
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
ⓘ Brannerite
Formula: UTi2O6
ⓘ Brookite
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Cassiterite
Formula: SnO2
ⓘ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'
ⓘ Columbite-(Mn)
Formula: Mn2+Nb2O6
ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)
Formula: (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
ⓘ Ferrimolybdite
Formula: Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Hübnerite
Formula: MnWO4
ⓘ Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ Koechlinite
Formula: Bi2MoO6
ⓘ 'Limonite'
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
ⓘ Molybdite
Formula: MoO3
ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(PO4)
ⓘ 'Monazite Group'
Formula: REE(PO4)
ⓘ Montmorillonite
Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Orthoclase
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup'
Formula: A2-mD2X6-wZ1-n
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)'
Formula: (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rhodochrosite
Formula: MnCO3
Description: Fig. 22
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile
Formula: (Ti,Nb)O2
ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite
Formula: (Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Svanbergite
Formula: SrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
ⓘ Topaz
Formula: Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
ⓘ Torbernite
Formula: Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
ⓘ Uraninite
Formula: UO2
ⓘ 'Wad'
ⓘ 'Wolframite Group'
ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)
Formula: Y(PO4)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
ⓘBornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘMolybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘ'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘCassiterite4.DB.05SnO2
ⓘRutile
var. Ilmenorutile
4.DB.05(Ti,Nb)O2
ⓘ4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘvar. Strüverite4.DB.05(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
ⓘHübnerite4.DB.30MnWO4
ⓘ'Wolframite Group'4.DB.30 va
ⓘColumbite-(Mn)4.DB.35Mn2+Nb2O6
ⓘBrookite4.DD.10TiO2
ⓘKoechlinite4.DE.15Bi2MoO6
ⓘEuxenite-(Y)4.DG.05(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
ⓘBrannerite4.DH.05UTi2O6
ⓘUraninite4.DL.05UO2
ⓘMolybdite4.E0.10MoO3
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘRhodochrosite5.AB.05MnCO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘJarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘFerrimolybdite7.GB.30Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘXenotime-(Y)8.AD.35Y(PO4)
ⓘMonazite-(Ce)8.AD.50Ce(PO4)
ⓘSvanbergite8.BL.05SrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
ⓘTorbernite8.EB.05Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘTopaz9.AF.35Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘMontmorillonite9.EC.40(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘAllophane9.ED.20(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
ⓘOrthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Supergroup
var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)'
-(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Limonite'-
ⓘ'Monazite Group'-REE(PO4)
ⓘ'Wad'-
ⓘ'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'-
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Supergroup'-A2-mD2X6-wZ1-n
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3A

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Hⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Hⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Hⓘ SvanbergiteSrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Hⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Hⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Hⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CCarbon
Cⓘ RhodochrositeMnCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Oⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ BranneriteUTi2O6
Oⓘ BrookiteTiO2
Oⓘ CassiteriteSnO2
Oⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Oⓘ FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Oⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ HübneriteMnWO4
Oⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Oⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ KoechliniteBi2MoO6
Oⓘ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MolybditeMoO3
Oⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Oⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Oⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RhodochrositeMnCO3
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
Oⓘ SvanbergiteSrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Oⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Oⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Oⓘ UraniniteUO2
Oⓘ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
Oⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Oⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
FFluorine
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Fⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
NaSodium
Naⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Naⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Alⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ SvanbergiteSrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Alⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Alⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Siⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Siⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Pⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Pⓘ SvanbergiteSrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Pⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Pⓘ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
SSulfur
Sⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ SvanbergiteSrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Sⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Caⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ BranneriteUTi2O6
Tiⓘ BrookiteTiO2
Tiⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Tiⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
MnManganese
Mnⓘ HübneriteMnWO4
Mnⓘ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Mnⓘ RhodochrositeMnCO3
Mnⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
FeIron
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Feⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
Feⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
CuCopper
Cuⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
Cuⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
SrStrontium
Srⓘ SvanbergiteSrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
YYttrium
Yⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Yⓘ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Nbⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Nbⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Nbⓘ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Nbⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
MoMolybdenum
Moⓘ FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Moⓘ KoechliniteBi2MoO6
Moⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
Moⓘ MolybditeMoO3
SnTin
Snⓘ CassiteriteSnO2
SbAntimony
Sbⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Ceⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
TaTantalum
Taⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Taⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Taⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
WTungsten
Wⓘ HübneriteMnWO4
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
BiBismuth
Biⓘ KoechliniteBi2MoO6
ThThorium
Thⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
UUranium
Uⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Uⓘ BranneriteUTi2O6
Uⓘ Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Uⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Uⓘ UraniniteUO2

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Oligocene : 28.4 Ma to 24.8 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Cenozoic
  Paleogene
   Oligocene
ⓘ Molybdenite (youngest age)24.8 Ma
ⓘ Molybdenite (oldest age)28.4 Ma

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climax_mine
Wikidata ID:Q5133646

Localities in this Region

  • Colorado

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality


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References

 
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