Pyroaurite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Pyroaurite
Formula:
Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O
Colour:
Yellow to brownish-white, white, gray, silver-white, greenish or colourless
Lustre:
Vitreous, Waxy, Pearly
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
2.1 - 2.14
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1865 by Lars Johan Igelström from the Greek πυροζ for "fire" and the Latin aurum for "gold" in allusion to the golden-yellow colour assumed by the mineral on heating at relatively low temperatures. Pyroaurite was first found at Långban, Värmland, Sweden.
Later, XRD studies of the type material showed it to contain coexisting hexagonal and rhombohedral phases (Aminoff and Broome 1933). Frondel (1941) reserved the name pyroaurite for the hexagonal phase, and Sjögrenite was introduced for the rhombohedral phase.
In 2012, the hydrotalcite super-group was redefined by S. J. Mills, A. G. Christy, J. M. R. Genin, T. Kameda, and F. Colombo. Pyroaurite was redefined incorporating the former sjögrenite with two polytypes, pyroaurite-3R (formerly pyroaurite, sensu lato) and pyroaurite-2H (formerly sjögrenite). Both polytypes may occur in a single crystal, with the 2H phase at the core and the 3R phase at the rim (Almann 1968, cited after Mills et al. 2012).
Later, XRD studies of the type material showed it to contain coexisting hexagonal and rhombohedral phases (Aminoff and Broome 1933). Frondel (1941) reserved the name pyroaurite for the hexagonal phase, and Sjögrenite was introduced for the rhombohedral phase.
In 2012, the hydrotalcite super-group was redefined by S. J. Mills, A. G. Christy, J. M. R. Genin, T. Kameda, and F. Colombo. Pyroaurite was redefined incorporating the former sjögrenite with two polytypes, pyroaurite-3R (formerly pyroaurite, sensu lato) and pyroaurite-2H (formerly sjögrenite). Both polytypes may occur in a single crystal, with the 2H phase at the core and the 3R phase at the rim (Almann 1968, cited after Mills et al. 2012).
The Fe3+ analogue of hydrotalcite, stichtite and desautelsite, and forms solid solutions with these minerals.
"Sjögrenite" is now considered a polytype (Mills et al., 2012) and named pyroaurite-2H.
See also the related coalingite and brugnatellite.
Commonly originates as a low-temperature alteration product of magnetite in serpentinites.
May also be an alteration product of iowaite.
"Sjögrenite" is now considered a polytype (Mills et al., 2012) and named pyroaurite-2H.
See also the related coalingite and brugnatellite.
Commonly originates as a low-temperature alteration product of magnetite in serpentinites.
May also be an alteration product of iowaite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3330
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3330:1
IMA Classification of Pyroaurite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16CO3·4H2O
Classification of Pyroaurite
5.DA.50
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
D : Carbonates with additional anions, with H2O
A : With medium-sized cations
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
D : Carbonates with additional anions, with H2O
A : With medium-sized cations
16b.6.2.3
16b : HYDRATED CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : AmBn(XO3)pZqxH2O & with (m+n):p = 8:1
16b : HYDRATED CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : AmBn(XO3)pZq
11.13.2
11 : Carbonates
13 : Carbonates of Fe
11 : Carbonates
13 : Carbonates of Fe
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Pya | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Pya | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
| Pya | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Physical Properties of Pyroaurite
Vitreous, Waxy, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Yellow to brownish-white, white, gray, silver-white, greenish or colourless
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{0001}
{0001}
Fracture:
Micaceous
Density:
2.1 - 2.14 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.12 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Pyroaurite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.564 nε = 1.543
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.021
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Low (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
O = pale yellowish, brownish, reddish
E = colourless
E = colourless
Chemistry of Pyroaurite
Mindat Formula:
Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Cr,Al,Mn
Crystallography of Pyroaurite
Polytype:
Formula:
Crystal System:
Class (H-M)
Space Group:
Space Group Setting:
Cell Parameters:
Ratio:
Unit Cell Volume (calc):
Z:
Comment:
| Pyroaurite-2H | Pyroaurite-3R |
|---|---|
| Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2O | Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2O |
| Hexagonal | Trigonal |
| 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal | 3m(32/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral |
| P63/mmc | R3m |
| a = 3.113(3) Å, c = 15.61(1) Å | a = 3.1094(2) Å, c = 23.4117(9) Å |
| a:c = 1 : 5.014 | a:c = 1 : 7.529 |
| V 131.01 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell) | V 196.03 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell) |
| Z = 1/4 |
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014447 | Pyroaurite | Ingram L, Taylor H F W (1967) The crystal structures of sjoegrenite and pyroaurite Mineralogical Magazine 36 465-479 |  | 1967 | Sweden | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 7.6 Å | (10) |
| 3.89 Å | (7) |
| 2.62 Å | (4) |
| 2.33 Å | (4) |
| 1.981 Å | (5) |
| 1.556 Å | (2) |
| 1.526 Å | (2) |
Comments:
Powder pattern indistinguishable from that of desautelsite (Mn3+-analogue).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 13 : Hadean serpentinization | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56) |
Geological Setting:
In serpentinites and magnesian skarns.
Type Occurrence of Pyroaurite
Synonyms of Pyroaurite
Other Language Names for Pyroaurite
Varieties of Pyroaurite
| Chrome-Pyroaurite | A Cr-bearing pyroaurite. |
Relationship of Pyroaurite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Hydrotalcite Group:
| Desautelsite | Mg6Mn3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O | Trig. 3m(32/m) |
| Droninoite | Ni6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Iowaite | Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Kaznakhtite | Ni6Co3+2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| Meixnerite | Mg6Al2(OH)16(OH)2 · 4H2O | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Reevesite | Ni6Fe3+2(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2O | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Stichtite | Mg6Cr3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Takovite | Ni6Al2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| 'UM2002-02-COH:FeNi' | (Fe2+,Ni)6Fe3+2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O | |
| Woodallite | Mg6Cr2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 44 photos of Pyroaurite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 18 photos of Pyroaurite associated with Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 18 photos of Pyroaurite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 18 photos of Pyroaurite associated with Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| 15 photos of Pyroaurite associated with Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| 14 photos of Pyroaurite associated with Tochilinite | Fe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10 |
| 12 photos of Pyroaurite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 11 photos of Pyroaurite associated with Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| 10 photos of Pyroaurite associated with Zincite | ZnO |
| 9 photos of Pyroaurite associated with Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.DA. | Alexkhomyakovite | K6(Ca2Na)(CO3)5Cl · 6H2O |
| 5.DA. | Amoraite | Ca12Al6(OH)36(CO3)2(SO3) · 15H2O |
| 5.DA.05 | Dypingite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 5.DA.05 | 'UM1986-10-CO:ClHMgMnZn (also called Mineral F, Dunn, 1995)' | Mg5(Zn,Mn)3(CO3)2(OH,Cl)12 · H2O |
| 5.DA.05 | 'UM1987-01-CO:HMgS' | Mg4(CO3)2(OH)4 · 6H2O ? |
| 5.DA.05 | Giorgiosite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 5-6H2O |
| 5.DA.05 | Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.05 | Widgiemoolthalite | Ni5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 5.DA.10 | Artinite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.10 | Chlorartinite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)Cl · 2H2O |
| 5.DA.10 | Indigirite | Mg2Al2(CO3)4(OH)2 · 15H2O |
| 5.DA.15 | Zaratite | Ni3(CO3)(OH)4 · 4H2O ? |
| 5.DA.15 | Otwayite | Ni2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 5.DA.20 | Kambaldaite | NaNi4(CO3)3(OH)3 · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.25 | Callaghanite | Cu2Mg2(CO3)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 5.DA.30 | Claraite | (Cu,Zn)15(CO3)4(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)14 · 7H2O |
| 5.DA.35 | Hydroscarbroite | Al14(CO3)3(OH)36 · nH2O |
| 5.DA.35 | Scarbroite | Al5(CO3)(OH)13 · 5H2O |
| 5.DA.40 | Karchevskyite | Mg18Al9(OH)54Sr2(CO3)9(H2O)6(H3O)5 |
| 5.DA.40 | 'UM1987-05-OH:AlCMg' | Mg4Al2(OH)12(CO3,SO4) · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.40 | Quintinite | Mg4Al2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.40 | Charmarite | Mn2+4Al2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.40 | Caresite | Fe2+4Al2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | 'Hydrotalcite-2H' | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | 'Stichtite-2H' | Mg6(Cr,Al)2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | Brugnatellite | Mg6Fe3+(CO3)(OH)13 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | Zaccagnaite | Zn4Al2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | 'Pyroaurite-2H' | Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | Liudongshengite | Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | Chlormagaluminite | Mg4Al2(OH)12Cl2 · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Takovite | Ni6Al2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Reevesite | Ni6Fe3+2(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Kaznakhtite | Ni6Co3+2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Comblainite | Ni4Co2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Marioantofilliite | [Cu4Al2(OH)12](CO3) · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Stichtite | Mg6Cr3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Desautelsite | Mg6Mn3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.55 | Coalingite | Mg10Fe3+2(OH)24[CO3] · 2H2O |
| 5.DA.55 | Akopovaite | Al4Li2(OH)12(CO3)(H2O)3 |
| 5.DA.60 | Šlikite | Zn2Mg(CO3)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.65 | Marklite | Cu5(CO3)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Pyroaurite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3330.html
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References for Pyroaurite
Reference List:
Frondel, Clifford (1941) Constitution and polymorphism of the pyroaurite and sjögrenite groups. American Mineralogist, 26 (5) 295-315
Ingram, L., Taylor, H. F. W. (1967) The crystal structures of sjögrenite and pyroaurite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 36 (280) 465-479 doi:10.1180/minmag.1967.036.280.01
Allmann, R. (1968) The crystal structure of pyroaurite. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 24 (7) 972-977 doi:10.1107/s0567740868003511
Taylor, H. F. W. (1969) Segregation and cation-ordering in sjögrenite and pyroaurite. Mineralogical Magazine, 37 (287) 338-342 doi:10.1180/minmag.1969.037.287.04
Taylor, H. F. W. (1973) Crystal structures of some double hydroxide minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 39 (304). 377-389 doi:10.1180/minmag.1973.039.304.01
Delnavaz, H.; Allmann, R. (1988) Synthesen von Fe-Brucit, Coalingit und Pyroaurit im System MgO- Fe-O2-H2O-(CO2). Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 183 (1-4). 175-178 doi:10.1524/zkri.1988.183.14.175
Taylor, R. M., Hansen, H. C. B., Stanger, G., Bender Koch, C. (1991) On the genesis and composition of natural pyroaurite. Clay Minerals, 26 (3) 297-309 doi:10.1180/claymin.1991.026.3.01
Bruun Hansen, Hans Christian, Koch, Christian Bender (1995) Synthesis and characterization of pyroaurite. Applied Clay Science, 10. 5-19 doi:10.1016/0169-1317(95)00014-u
Mills, S. J.; Christy, A. G.; Génin, J.-M. R.; Kameda, T.; Colombo, F. (2012) Nomenclature of the hydrotalcite supergroup: natural layered double hydroxides. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (5). 1289-1336 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.5.10
Zhitova, E. S., Ivanyuk, G. Yu., Krivovichev, S. V., Yakovenchuk, V. N., Pakhomovsky, Ya. A., Mikhailova, Yu. A. (2017) Crystal Chemistry of Pyroaurite from the Kovdor Pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia, and the Långban Fe–Mn deposit, Värmland, Sweden. Geology of Ore Deposits, 59 (7) 652-661 doi:10.1134/s1075701517070121
Localities for Pyroaurite
Showing 152 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Oskierski et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Bottrill & Taheri |
| R Bottrill | |
| Bottrill et al. (2002) | |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| R Bottrill & R Woolley |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) +1 other reference | |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| R. Bottrill |
| Barnes et al. (2009) |
| Disseminated and Massive Nickel ... +2 other references |
| Gole et al. (2000) | |
| Grguric et al. (2013) | |
| Wilson et al. (2014) | |
| Grguric (2003) | |
Austria | |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Löffler et al. (2011) | |
| Bojar et al. (2005) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2009) |
| Post. W. & Bojar (2006) +1 other reference |
| Auer (2024) |
| Exel (1993) +1 other reference |
| Exel (1993) |
| Postl et al. (2010) |
Brazil | |
| de Carvalho et al. (1997) |
Bulgaria | |
| Marcus Vau Collection |
Canada | |
| Franchuk et al. (2016) |
| Sabina (1965) |
| Mandarino (1966) |
| Sabina (1987) +1 other reference |
| M. L Keith (1946) +1 other reference |
| Sabina (2000) |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Mineral Record (1976) |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Sabina (1967) |
| 179-181. +1 other reference |
| Velthuizen (1993) |
| Sabina (1986) |
| Sabina (1987) |
| Sabina (1987) +1 other reference |
| Sabina (1973) |
Finland | |
| Sandström (2012) |
France | |
| Vale SA |
Germany | |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Blaß et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) |
| Witzke (2001) |
| Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie | |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (2020) +1 other reference |
Italy | |
| Ratto et al. (1967) +1 other reference |
| Baldizzone (2008) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Campostrini (2001) |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Conti et al. (1970) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Pagani (1973) +3 other references | |
| Del Caldo et al. (1973) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) | |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) |
| A. Mattiello collection | |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] M. Boscardin: Località mineralogiche consigliate: Le cave della val d'Astico - Notizie del Guppo Min. Lombardo - 10 et al. (This publication later changed its name in Rivista Minealogica Italiana) |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Boscardin M. et al. (2011) |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] M. Boscardin L et al. (VIcenza) |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Zordan A. et al. (Vicenza) |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) |
Japan | |
| Matsubara et al. (1979) |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Suzuki et al. (1976) +1 other reference | |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Petrov (n.d.) | |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Suzuki et al. (1973) +3 other references | |
| 上原誠一郎. (1987) |
| Yamada (2004) |
Kazakhstan | |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Pekov (1998) |
Lebanon | |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Kruszewski (2019) |
Morocco | |
| XRD Paolo Orlandi (Pisa University) |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
Myanmar | |
| Harlow G1 (2014) |
New Zealand | |
| Kelsey |
| Jenks (1981) |
Norway | |
| Eldjarn (1988) |
| Raade (1983) |
Poland | |
| Warchulski et al. (2014) |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Ł. Kruszewski (PXRD data) |
Romania | |
| Marincea (1999) +2 other references |
| Marincea (2000) |
| Gabor Koller specimen |
Russia | |
| Zhitova et al. (2020) |
| Cesnokov et al. (1998) |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Mazurov et al. (2007) |
| Zhitova et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] maurice.strahlen.org (2003) +1 other reference | |
| Dana 7:I:654. |
Spain | |
| González-Pérez et al. (2023) |
| Calvo et al. (2014) |
Sweden (TL) | |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Holtstam et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
| Mofjell (2003) | |
| - (2012) | |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Gatedal (n.d.) | |
| Magnusson (1929) +1 other reference | |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Sandström et al. (2009) |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Linden (2002) | |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Gatedal (n.d.) | |
| Nysten (2004) |
Turkey | |
| Sarp et al. (1976) |
| Erik vercammen finds and collection |
UK | |
| Embrey (1978) |
| Heddle (1878) +1 other reference |
| [Specimen in the Natural History Museum | |
| Dr Stephen Moreton collection. | |
| Day (1999) | |
| Heddle et al. (1901) |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Dr Stephen Moreton collection. | |
USA | |
| Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference |
| Eugene & Sharon Cisneros personal ... |
| Cooper et al. (2003) | |
| Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Schlocker (1974) +2 other references | |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference |
| [Pyroaurite-2H] www.minresco.com/syst/s.htm | |
| American Mineralogist: 52: 1261-1271. |
| Foord et al. (1981) |
| [Pyroaurite-2H, Pyroaurite-3R] Dunn (1995) +2 other references |
| Peter Chin | |
| Collected by Steve Okulewicz |
| Lapham (1965) |
| Foord et al. (1981) | |
| Lapham et al. (1965) |
| Lapham et al. (1965) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 21: 490 +2 other references |
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Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden