Liudongshengite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Liudongshengite
Professor Liu Dongsheng, recipient of the Tyler Prize in 2002
Formula:
Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2O
Colour:
Pinkish
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
1½
Specific Gravity:
2.95
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in honour of Liu Dongsheng (刘东生) (22 November 1917, Liaoning Province, China – 6 March 2008), also known as Tung-sheng Liu. He was a Chinese geologist and paleontologist at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was known as the "Father of Loess", loess being one of his specialties.
Unique combination of elements (first natural Zn-Cr carbonate).
The Cr analogue of zaccagnaite.
Third Zn-Cr mineral after zincochromite and hemihedrite.
The Cr analogue of zaccagnaite.
Third Zn-Cr mineral after zincochromite and hemihedrite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
53727
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:53727:2
IMA Classification of Liudongshengite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Zn2+4Cr3+2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O
Approval year:
2019
First published:
2021
Type description reference:
Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101
Classification of Liudongshengite
5.DA.45
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
D : Carbonates with additional anions, with H2O
A : With medium-sized cations
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
D : Carbonates with additional anions, with H2O
A : With medium-sized cations
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Ldh | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Liudongshengite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Pinkish
Streak:
White
Hardness:
1½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On (001)
On (001)
Parting:
None observed
Density:
2.95(3) g/cm3 (Measured) 3.00 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Liudongshengite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.720(8) nε = 1.660(7)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.060
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Chemistry of Liudongshengite
Mindat Formula:
Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Liudongshengite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m(32/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:
R3m
Setting:
R3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.1111(4) Å, c = 22.682(3) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 7.291
Unit Cell V:
190.12 ų
Twinning:
None observed in type material
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 7.53 Å | (46) |
| 3.77 Å | (64) |
| 2.68 Å | (19) |
| 2.62 Å | (100) |
| 2.31 Å | (83) |
| 1.952 Å | (48) |
| 1.555 Å | (42) |
| 1.523 Å | (32) |
Reference:
Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Type Occurrence of Liudongshengite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Micaceous aggregates or hexagonal platy crystals (up to 0.10 × 0.10 × 0.01 mm).
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
In the collections of the University of Arizona Mineral Museum, 601 E University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA, catalogue # 22043 (holotype), and the RRUFF Project, deposition # R180016 (cotype)
Reference:
Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101
Other Language Names for Liudongshengite
Dutch:Liudongshengiet
German:Liudongshengit
Relationship of Liudongshengite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Quintinite Group:
| Caresite | Fe2+4Al2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O | Trig. 32 : P3112 |
| Charmarite | Mn2+4Al2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O | Hex. |
| Chlormagaluminite | Mg4Al2(OH)12Cl2 · 3H2O | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mcm |
| Comblainite | Ni4Co2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O | Trig. |
| Quintinite | Mg4Al2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2O | Hex. 622 : P6322 |
| 'Unnamed (Zn-analogue of Chlormagaluminite)' | Zn4Al2(OH)12Cl2 · 2H2O | |
| Zaccagnaite | Zn4Al2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O | Hex. |
Common Associates
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.DA. | Alexkhomyakovite | K6(Ca2Na)(CO3)5Cl · 6H2O |
| 5.DA. | Amoraite | Ca12Al6(OH)36(CO3)2(SO3) · 15H2O |
| 5.DA.05 | Dypingite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 5.DA.05 | 'UM1986-10-CO:ClHMgMnZn (also called Mineral F, Dunn, 1995)' | Mg5(Zn,Mn)3(CO3)2(OH,Cl)12 · H2O |
| 5.DA.05 | 'UM1987-01-CO:HMgS' | Mg4(CO3)2(OH)4 · 6H2O ? |
| 5.DA.05 | Giorgiosite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 5-6H2O |
| 5.DA.05 | Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.05 | Widgiemoolthalite | Ni5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 5.DA.10 | Artinite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.10 | Chlorartinite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)Cl · 2H2O |
| 5.DA.10 | Indigirite | Mg2Al2(CO3)4(OH)2 · 15H2O |
| 5.DA.15 | Zaratite | Ni3(CO3)(OH)4 · 4H2O ? |
| 5.DA.15 | Otwayite | Ni2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 5.DA.20 | Kambaldaite | NaNi4(CO3)3(OH)3 · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.25 | Callaghanite | Cu2Mg2(CO3)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 5.DA.30 | Claraite | (Cu,Zn)15(CO3)4(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)14 · 7H2O |
| 5.DA.35 | Hydroscarbroite | Al14(CO3)3(OH)36 · nH2O |
| 5.DA.35 | Scarbroite | Al5(CO3)(OH)13 · 5H2O |
| 5.DA.40 | Karchevskyite | Mg18Al9(OH)54Sr2(CO3)9(H2O)6(H3O)5 |
| 5.DA.40 | 'UM1987-05-OH:AlCMg' | Mg4Al2(OH)12(CO3,SO4) · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.40 | Quintinite | Mg4Al2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.40 | Charmarite | Mn2+4Al2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.40 | Caresite | Fe2+4Al2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | 'Hydrotalcite-2H' | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | 'Stichtite-2H' | Mg6(Cr,Al)2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | Brugnatellite | Mg6Fe3+(CO3)(OH)13 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | Zaccagnaite | Zn4Al2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | 'Pyroaurite-2H' | Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | Chlormagaluminite | Mg4Al2(OH)12Cl2 · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Pyroaurite | Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Takovite | Ni6Al2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Reevesite | Ni6Fe3+2(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Kaznakhtite | Ni6Co3+2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Comblainite | Ni4Co2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Marioantofilliite | [Cu4Al2(OH)12](CO3) · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Stichtite | Mg6Cr3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Desautelsite | Mg6Mn3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.55 | Coalingite | Mg10Fe3+2(OH)24[CO3] · 2H2O |
| 5.DA.55 | Akopovaite | Al4Li2(OH)12(CO3)(H2O)3 |
| 5.DA.60 | Šlikite | Zn2Mg(CO3)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.65 | Marklite | Cu5(CO3)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Liudongshengite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-53727.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Liudongshengite
Reference List:
Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Hatert, Frédéric, Pasero, Marco, Mills, Stuart J. (2019) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) NEWSLETTER 51. European Journal of Mineralogy, 31 (5-6) 1099-1104 doi:10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2894
Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101
Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101
Localities for Liudongshengite
Showing 1 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
USA (TL) | |
| Miyawaki et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
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79 Mine, Chilito, Hayden area, Banner Mining District, Gila County, Arizona, USA